COOK ISLANDS CODE OF PRACTICE SAIL TRAINING CODE

Transcription

1 COOK ISLANDS CODE OF PRACTICE SAIL TRAINING CODE Version 2

2 CODE OF PRACTICE Sail Training Code SUBJECT: ISSUE AND REVISION HISTORY REV DATE dd/mm/yy DESCRIPTION APPROVED BY ENTERED BY ENTERED dd/mm/yy Ch II Part E (4) Kg amended to 50kg Technical Advisor Quality Manager Ch III Part A (6) Brackets inserted [Powered] portable fire pumps at least [70]m³/ hour Technical Advisor Quality Manager Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1

3 INTRODUCTION This code has been developed to address safety issues pertaining to Cook Islands registered sailing ships engaged in sail training and maritime education activities at sea under sail. Current international standards and regulations for conventional passenger ships and ships are not necessarily relevant to all areas of design, construction, manning and operational safety of sail training ships Thus it is deemed necessary to create a code which addresses the particularities of Sail Training Ships registered and inspected under the Flag of the Cook Islands. The following Code has been developed with the special characteristics, operating methods and nature of the service of such sailing training ships foremost in mind. This Code establishes basic minimum inspection standards necessary for the safe operation of sail training ships. While it is a given that sail training ships shall be no less safe than passenger ships, it is recognized that sail training ships have some inherent qualities that add to the operational safety of a sail-training ship compared to that of passenger ships. For example: 1. There is no shortage of human power to handle sail in inclement conditions and in fact the trainees are onboard and trained to that very purpose. 2. Due to the nature of a heavily manned sail training ship there is naturally a high level of practical vigilance and observation in regards to all safety issues. 3. The carriage of passengers must be approved by Maritime Cook Islands and noted on the Ship Safety Certificate; 4. The comprehensive nature of instruction provides a heightened awareness and practical grasp of safety issues. This code is also crafted to complement existing international regulations and to fill a void where regulation is lacking. This Code is conceived not to be in conflict with the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), or other international regulations so issued by IMO. In the event that the Code is found to be in conflict, the IMO standard shall prevail and be presumed to be incorporated herein. It is not intended that this Code be applied to sailing ships operating outside the scope of bona fide sail training and/or maritime education programs. This Code incorporates extensive work and research carried out by numerous internationally recognized administrations and agencies including: The Marine Directorate of the Department of Transportation in the United Kingdom Legislation and Regulation Division of Marine Safety, Transport Canada U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation; Sailing School Ships Regulations of 1986 Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 3

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 3 CHAPTER I: General Provisions... 7 Part A - Application & Definitions... 7 Application... 7 Definitions... 8 Part B - Surveys and Certificates CHAPTER II: Construction Part A: Construction and Subdivision Hulls Weather Deck Watertight Bulkheads and Subdivision Fabrication Standards Part B: Stability Intact Stability Intact Stability Evaluation Inclining Experiment Freeboard and Freeboard Marking Water Freeing Arrangements Part C - Watertight and Weathertight Integrity Decks Hatchways Doorways and Companionways Skylights Portlights and Windows Ventilators Air Pipes Sea Inlets and Discharges Part D - Masts, Spars and Rigging Part E - Bilge Systems Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 4

5 Part F - Fluid Systems Part G - Machinery Internal Combustion Engines Transmission and Shafting Part H - Electrical Systems General DC Systems Battery Storage AC Systems Emergency Power Supply Part I - Steering Gear CHAPTER III - FIRE SYSTEMS Part A -General Part B -Living Spaces Part C - Fire Hazard Areas Part D - Machinery Spaces Part E - Fuel Systems and Stowages CHAPTER IV - LIFE-SAVING EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCES Part A - Survival Craft Part B - Lifejackets Part C - Other life-saving and emergency equipment Rescue Boat Safety Harnesses CHAPTER V - COMMUNICATIONS Part A - Radio communication Part B - Visual Signals CHAPTER VI - NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT Part A - General Lights, Shapes and Sound Signals CHAPTER VII - ANCHORS, CABLES AND MISC. MARINE EQUIPMENT Part A - Anchors and Cables Miscellaneous Marine Equipment Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 5

6 CHAPTER VIII - ACCOMODATION Part A - Living Spaces Part B -Toilets Part C - Galleys CHAPTER IX - PROTECTION OF PERSONNEL Part A - General Part B - Bulwarks and guard rails Part C - Safety Harnesses Part D - Safety Procedures Part E - Minimum Safe Manning Requirements Part F - Sail Training Ship Program Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 6

7 CHAPTER I: General Provisions Part A - Application & Definitions Application (1) This Code shall apply to all Cook Islands registered mono-hulled sail training ships, measuring more than 15 metres in length up to 500 GT by an approved surveyor or Recognized Classification Society which are engaged in Maritime Cook Islands recognized sail training and marine educational activities on a fee, tuition, or commercial basis carrying more than 12 trainees. Ships of smaller dimensions shall comply with applicable provisions to the maximum practical extent, as specified by Maritime Cook Islands. (2) While this Code was developed for displacement mono-hull ships, it may be used for other types of sail training, sea education and cultural research ships. The ship stability information in this code is intended for use by mono-hull ships only. This Code shall be adapted by Maritime Cook Islands in the case of all ships which are not mono-hulls. (3) This Code was developed primarily for ships operating on foreign-going, deep sea voyages. Ships operating on coastal routes may apply to Maritime Cook Islands for approval to adapt regulations contained herein. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 7

8 Definitions (1) Accommodation means any space below the weather deck, to which persons on board have access for purposes other than working the ship. This includes messing, sleeping and headspaces, galleys and food stores; it does not include engine rooms, if fitted, sail or ship s gear lockers. (3) Approved means approved by Maritime Cook Islands. (4) Classification Society means any such organization or agency recognized by Maritime Cook Islands. (5) Crew means a person on the ship s articles other than a trainee or the Master engaged in the business of the ship. (6) Dead Ship Condition means the condition under which the main propulsion plant and auxiliaries are not in operation due to the absence of power. (7) Existing ship means a ship whose application for registration and certification as a sail training ship occurs within five years of the date of the official adoption of this Code. It may also include ships with five years record of safe operation in the work and routes to be approved. This is to allow for ships of recorded seaworthy design and condition which may depart from certain specific regulations but have a demonstrated comparable level of safety. (8) Flame Retardant means a treatment that has been applied to material, causing that material to not burn for more than a specified period of time, nor will the flame travel nor extend beyond a specified distance, as determined under specified test conditions at normal atmospheric pressure. (9) Fore and aft rigged means topsail schooners, schooners, ketches, yawls, sloops, cutters, Vakas, and any sailing ship carrying less than fifty percent (50%) of her sail area on yards rigged to the masts (see square-rigged sailing ship ). (10) Freeboard means the distance in millimetres measured vertically downwards from the lowest point of the upper edge of the Weather Deck to the waterline in still water. (11) Guest means an individual onboard a sail training ship who is not a member of ship s company and who has not contributed any consideration, either directly or indirectly, for carriage on the ship. Guests are not considered passengers for the purpose of this Code. (12) L or Length means the overall length measured from the foreside of the foremost fixed permanent structure to the after edge of the aftermost fixed permanent structure of the ship. This measurement does not include spars protruding over the ends of the ship. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 8

9 (13) LWL or Length on the waterline means the horizontal distance between the forwardmost and after-most points measured at the waterline corresponding to the deepest operational draught. (14) Sparred length overall means the overall length of the ship in metres and includes spars protruding over the ends of the ship. (15) Maritime Education means the use of the ships sailing and voyages to advance the knowledge of maritime skills such as, but not limited to, sail handling and theory, sailmaking, rigging, ship and boat handling, team building, character development, cultural history and related subjects. It also includes: (1) Any subject related to that operation and the sea, including seamanship, navigation, oceanography, other nautical and marine sciences, and maritime history and literature; and (2) When in conjunction with a subject referred to in paragraph (1) of this paragraph, instruction in mathematics and language arts skills to trainees. (16) Master means the senior licensed person on ship s articles having command of the ship. For the purposes of this Code this may include the mate, should the captain be unavailable and detached. (17) New sail training ship means any ship intended to be used as a sail training ship, the keel of which was laid or constructed or refit was started on or after the date of implementation of this Code, or an existing ship obtained and newly used as a sail training ship on or after that date. See definition for existing ships. (18) Ocean Going means any ship engaged in or capable of World Wide, deep-sea, foreign going voyages. (19) Owner means persons, persons or company that holds evidence of ownership. It may also mean Charter. (20) Passenger as defined by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, as amended. (21) Passenger Ship is a ship which carries more than 12 passengers, as defined by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, as amended. (22) Rules of the Road means the International Rule of the Road as codified in statutory and regulatory rules governing navigation of ships and collision avoidance. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 9

10 (23) Sail Training Cargo Ship : means a ship that conducts maritime education while also carrying cargo and/or freight. Such ships shall comply with this code and such regulations pertaining to cargo ships and cargo handling that may apply. (24) Sail Training Ship means a ship greater than 15 metres and under 500 GT measured by an approved surveyor or a recognized classification society, carrying over 12 trainees. (25) SOLAS means the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. (26) Special excursion means it is recognized that there will be occasions when it is both desirable and appropriate to have on board for a limited amount of time a number of guests who are in fact neither staff, crew, trainees, or officers of the operating organization under sail or underway for limited periods of time. The scope of Guests onboard to be limited in routes, duration onboard and overall number by certificate, for example: 1. Operation Sail events 2. Tall ship events 3. Sail training associations sailing ship rendezvous 4. Short day orientation programs 5. Press, film, and journalist access programs 6. Organizational briefings and/or development events This clause is intended to cover special situations where a sail training ship wishes to carry additional persons on a limited special event basis. (27) Square-Rigged Sailing Ship means those sailing ships, which are carrying a substantial amount of their sail area on yards rigged to the masts. (28) Surveyor means a surveyor recognized by Maritime Cook Islands Maritime Cook Islands (29) Trainee means a person signed on in the ship s articles as one to receive maritime education.. A trainee shall not be considered a passenger for the purposes of this Code even if said trainee has contributed financially towards his position or placement onboard. (30) Watertight, means, in relation to a deck structure, that the structure is capable of preventing the passage of water through it in any direction, under a head of water up to 75 mm below the weather deck at any point. In relation to a below-decks compartment watertight means designed and constructed to withstand a static head of water without any leakage. (31) Weather Deck means the main deck or fixed structure that covers the entire hull above the deepest operating waterline and is exposed to weather and sea. (32) Weathertight, in relation to a structure, means the structure is capable of preventing the passage of seawater through it in any sea conditions. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 10

11 Part B - Surveys and Certificates (1) Surveys will be carried out before the ship is put into service, and in accordance with the harmonized Survey System, and at any time requested by Maritime Cook Islands. (2) The following items must be in place before certificates may be issued: (a) The owner of a sail training ship shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of Maritime Cook Islands that each trainee onboard has entered into a contractually binding agreement with the ship owner to serve in some operational capacity on the ship. i. Such an agreement shall be known as Articles for Trainees. Such persons are not considered passengers, and ships complying with the above provisions shall not be considered passenger ships. (b) A detailed description of the ship must be submitted to Maritime Cook Islands including, but not limited to - i. IMO identification number (if applicable), ii. Length iii. Gross tonnage iv. Ship Name v. Date of Build or similar date vi. Classification Society (if applicable) vii. Owner / charterer details viii. Charter agreement (if applicable). (c) A specific operating plan stating the intended use of the ship and the intended course of instruction for trainees. (d) An affidavit or other evidence certifying that the owner or charterer in the case of the sail training ship being under a Charter agreement, has financial resources to meet any liability incurred for death or injury to trainees or instructors onboard the ship, in an amount not less than $US50,000 for each student and instructor. (e) Most recent survey reports evidencing satisfactory safety standards. Maritime Cook Islands may request additional inspections to satisfy itself of the ships safety. (f) Any additional information as requested by Maritime Cook Islands. (g) In the event of a change in any information provided to Maritime Cook Islands, the Owner must notify Maritime Cook Islands in writing. (3) The condition of the ship and its equipment shall be maintained to conform with the provisions of the present Code to ensure that the ship in all respects will remain seaworthy. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 11

12 (4) Whenever an accident occurs to a ship or a defect is discovered, either of which affects the safety of the ship or its life-saving appliances or other equipment, the master or owner of the ship shall report at the earliest opportunity to Maritime Cook Islands. (5) If the ship at the time when a survey becomes due is not in a port where it is possible to be surveyed, Maritime Cook Islands may, on a request in writing, grant an extension of the required survey, and any related certificates until the ship reaches the next port of call.such extension shall be granted only for the purpose of allowing the ship to complete its voyage to the port in which it is to be surveyed, and then only in cases where it appears proper and reasonable to do so. No certificate shall be extended for a period longer than 5 months, and the ship shall not leave the port in which it is to be surveyed without having completed a satisfactory survey and /or obtained a new certificate, unless other arrangements are made and approved in writing by Maritime Cook Islands. (6) Existing ships shall have two years to come into full compliance as existing ships from the date of adoption of this Code. (7) Maritime Cook Islands may issue an exemption from complying with certain standards if it is deemed suitable under SOLAS, or to the satisfactory of Maritime Cook Islands. (8) It is the responsibility of the owner to ensure that a ship to which this Code applies is constructed, equipped and maintained in compliance with all provisions where appropriate. (9) In any area which this Code does not specifically address, the ship owner, operator, or Surveyor may apply to Maritime Cook Islands for instruction or clarification. (10) Ships over 300 tons and under 500 tons in cases and areas not covered by this Code, conform to relevant SOLAS regulations for Cargo ships, unless exempted by Maritime Cook Islands. (11) Maritime Cook Islands may amend or develop further the Code from time to time. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 12

13 CHAPTER II: Construction Part A: Construction and Subdivision Hulls (1) All sailing ships shall be of adequate structural strength to withstand the sea and weather conditions likely to be encountered in the intended area of operation. (2) Hull, scantlings, decks and superstructures of a new ship may be constructed of any material that is prescribed by IACS standards. (3) An existing ship will be considered to be of adequate structural strength if it is in a good state of repair as determined by Maritime Cook Islands and is: (a) built to the standards prescribed by IACS standards, or; (b) with a record of at least five years safe operation in an area where the sea and weather conditions are no less severe than those likely to be encountered in the intended area of operation, or; (c) has been inspected by an approved Surveyor or recognized Classification Society and has been found to be in acceptable condition, or; (d) if in variance with this standard has established a comparable level of safety that is recognized and accepted by Maritime Cook Islands. (4) In constructing metal hulls, due consideration shall be given to electrolytic corrosion, and appropriate means of minimizing its effects shall be employed. In applying corrosion protection measures, the ship shall be deemed to be intended for operation in seawater. In ships with metal hulls, an isolation transformer or a galvanic isolator in the grounding conductor of shore power connection may be considered to reduce galvanic corrosion in lieu of sacrificial cathodic protection. Weather Deck (5) The ship shall have a weathertight weather deck, which extends from stem to stern. The weather deck may be stepped, recessed or raised provided the stepped, recessed or raised portion is of weathertight construction. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 13

14 (6) Any recess in the weather deck shall be self-draining under normal conditions of heel and trim and the means of drainage shall be capable of efficient operation when the ship is heeled to 30 degrees. Watertight Bulkheads and Subdivision (7) Each ship shall be fitted with a collision bulkhead and machinery space bulkheads. For ships having small machinery spaces, those spaces may be protected with partial transverse and longitudinal bulkheads forming an enclosure in lieu of the full transverse bulkheads. (8) The collision bulkhead shall be located at a distance of not less than 5% and not more than 10% of the LWL abaft the stem measured at the deepest operational waterline. For ships with a higher rake of stem, the collision bulkhead may be stepped, with the lower part of the bulkhead to step located as above, and the top of the step being not less than 2.5% of LWL above the deepest operational waterline. (9) Every new ship shall be subdivided with watertight bulkheads so arranged that the flooding of any one compartment will not cause the ship to float at waterline which is less than 75 mm below the weather deck at any point. Subdivision analysis shall be based on the assumption that the ship is in the maximum loaded condition and be carried out using standard permeability s as defined in conventional Hull Construction Standards. (10) Ships for which (9) applies, shall have the residual stability in the final flooded condition after damage such that: (a) the angle of equilibrium does not exceed 7 degrees from upright; (b) the resulting righting lever curve has a range of at least 15 degrees beyond the angle of equilibrium; and (c) the maximum righting lever within the range that is not less than meter radians. (11) At intermediate stages of flooding the maximum righting lever shall be at least 50 mm with a range of positive righting levels of at least 7 degrees. (12) Existing ships having a length of 24 metres and above shall comply with the provisions given in the section (9). Ships which do not meet these requirements may be accepted by Maritime Cook Islands after an assessment of the deficiencies is made and consideration is given to safety record, manning, and ultimate stability of said ship. (13) Where pipes, cables, etc. penetrate watertight bulkheads they shall be fitted with valves and watertight glands as appropriate. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 14

15 (14) Doorways fitted in watertight bulkheads shall be of watertight construction and unless otherwise authorized by the Master, be kept closed while at sea. Fabrication Standards (15) Hull construction and maintenance shall be carried out in an appropriate environment as prescribed by the manufacturer. (16) Hulls shall be fabricated in facilities equipped as appropriate for the material of construction; materials of construction and any consumables used during fabrication shall be stored in such a way as to prevent corrosion or any other deterioration, and in compliance with any instructions provided by the manufacturer. (17) Wooden fabrication of hulls shall, to the most complete stage practical, be performed in well ventilated, covered premises (18) Fibre reinforced plastic fabrication shall be carried out according to the product manufacturer s recommendations. (19) Welders holding appropriate certification in compliance with standards and practices appropriate to the material of construction, welding methods and equipment being used shall perform welded fabrication. This provision is not intended to exclude work carried out by a recognized apprentice welder or metal worker under the supervision of a tradesman welder. (20) All construction other than welding shall be performed by persons skilled in the particular method and material of construction. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 15

16 Part B: Stability Intact Stability (1) The center of gravity (KG) of the ship shall be established by an inclining experiment and curves of static stability (GZ curves) calculated for the following conditions: (a) loaded departure, 100% consumables (b) loaded arrival, 10% consumables (2) For each of the conditions listed in (a), the righting arms curve shall have a positive range of not less than 90 degrees. A minimum positive range of the righting arms curve for a ship of length smaller than 24 metres may be determined by the formula: x (24 L) / 9, however, a positive range of less than 90 degrees may be considered subject to operational limitations. (3) In addition the angle of steady heel obtained from the intersection of a derived wind heeling lever curve with either of the GZ curves referred to in sub paragraph (a) above shall be greater than 15 degrees (see Figure 2) In Figure 2: Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 16

17 dwhl = derived wind heeling lever at any angle Θ degrees. Noting that: = 0.5 x WLO x Cos 1..3 Θ where WLO = GZf Cos 1..3 Θf WLO is the magnitude of the actual wind heeling lever at 0 degrees which would cause the ship to heel to the downflooding angle (Θf or 60 degrees whichever is least). If the use of some other angle, between the downflooding angle and 40 degrees, would result in a greater value of the maximum steady heel angle, this may be used as an alternative to Θf, GZf is the lever of the ship s GZ curve at the downflooding angle (Θf) or 60 degrees, whichever is least, Θd is the angle at which the derived wind heeling curve intersects the GZ curve. (If Θd is less than 15 degrees the ship will be considered to have insufficient stability for the purpose of this Standard). Θf the downflooding angle is deemed to occur when openings having an aggregate area, in square metres, greater than: ship s displacement in tons 1500 are immersed. Moreover, it is the angle at which the lower edge of the actual opening, which results in critical flooding, becomes immersed. (4) All openings regularly used for crew access and for ventilation shall be considered when determining the down-flooding angle. No opening, regardless of size, which may lead to progressive flooding, shall be immersed at an angle of heel of less than 40 degrees. Air pipes to tanks can however, be disregarded. (5) If, as a result of the immersion of openings in a deckhouse, a ship cannot meet the required standard, those deckhouse openings may be ignored and the openings in the weather deck protected by this deckhouse may be used instead to determine Θf. In such cases the GZ curve shall be derived without the benefit of the buoyancy of the deckhouse. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 17

18 (6) Provided the ship complies with the requirements of subparagraphs (1), (2), and (3) and that it is sailed with an angle of heel which is no greater than the derived angle of heel, it shall be capable of withstanding a wind gust equal to 1.4 times the actual wind velocity (i.e. twice the actual wind pressure) without immersing the down-flooding opening, or heeling to an angle greater than 60 degrees. (7) A ship having a positive range of righting arms smaller than 90 degrees may have its effective range of stability significantly reduced in the event of steadily increasing wind that may lead to capsizing at the angle of heel for which the heeling arms curve becomes tangent to the righting arms curve. Ships with such stability characteristics shall have an appropriate warning note included in the stability guidance for the Master. Intact Stability Evaluation (8) An Intact Stability Evaluation Report developed by a Naval architect, marine engineer, or qualified Surveyor with the results, details, and recommendations resulting from the ship inclining experiment shall be placed onboard for the guidance of the Master. (9) Such Intact Stability Evaluation Report is to be approved by Maritime Cook Islands. Inclining Experiment (10) A general description of the experiment shall be presented with details of the personnel responsible, prevailing conditions, procedure and equipment used, as well as precautions to be taken to ensure accuracy. (11) Successful inclining of a sailing ship requires conditions with little or no wind because of significant windage of the rig. Freeboard and Freeboard Marking (12) Every ship shall have an assigned freeboard mark placed on each side of the hull at amidships at the maximum draught at which the stability of the ship has been determined. (13) The freeboard mark referred to above shall measure 300 mm in length and 25 mm in depth. It shall be marked in a permanent manner and painted black on a light background or in white or yellow on a dark background. The bottom of the mark shall be positioned at the waterline corresponding to the draught referred to in (l). Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 18

19 (14) Every ship shall be marked with a ship s name and draft marks on the bow and stern. The port of registry shall also be marked on the stern. (15) The ship shall not operate in any condition, which will result in its freeboard marks being submerged when it is at rest and upright in calm waters. Water Freeing Arrangements (16) Any exposed deck fitted with gunwale or bulwark such as that shipped water may be temporarily trapped behind them shall be provided with an adequate number of freeing ports. (17) The total area of the freeing ports shall be at least 15% or that part of the bulwark or gunwale area which extend for 2/3 of the ship s length amidships. A freeing port shall be located in the lower third of the gunwale or bulwark height, as close to the deck as practical. (18) Freeing ports over 300mm in depth shall be fitted with bars spaced not more than 230mm apart or other suitable protecting devices. If freeing ports are fitted with shutters, these shall be hinged at the top or not below 33% down from the top and to open outboard. The shutter hinges shall have pins or bearings of non-corrosive material. (19) Structures and spaces above the weather deck considered to be non-weathertight shall be provided with efficient drainage arrangements. Part C - Watertight and Weathertight Integrity Decks (1) All decks exposed to the weather shall be watertight, and means shall be provided to make any openings weathertight. Hatchways (2) All hatch openings in the weather deck of ships under 150 GT shall be provided with a watertight coaming of not less than 300 mm high. Hatches covering access to deck lockers shall be fitted with a means of securing them in the closed position. In ships 150 GT and greater, the watertight coaming shall be not less than 450 mm. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 19

20 (3) Hatches covering normal access to accommodation or working spaces shall be operable from both sides and shall be fitted with a means of positively securing them in the open and closed position. (4) Hatchways shall be located on the centerline of the ship or as close thereto as is practical. (5) Hatchways which are to be kept open for lengthy periods at sea shall be as small as practical, and on ships less than 24 metres in length, shall be never more than one meter square in clear area at the top of the coaming. Doorways and Companionways (6) On ships under 150 GT, doorways located above the weather deck which give access to spaces below shall be provided with coamings not less than 300 mm high and with weathertight doors. On ships 150 GT and greater, these coamings shall be not less than 450 mm high. (7) Such doors shall be of efficient construction, permanently and strongly attached to the bulkhead, open outwards and have a means of closure, which can be operated from either side. (8) They shall be located as close as practical to the centerline of the ship but if located in the sides of a house, they shall be hinged on the forward edge. (9) On ships 24 metres in length or less which are fitted with cockpits, companion hatch openings from a cockpit or recess, which give access to spaces below the weather deck, shall be fitted with a coaming the top of which is at least 300 mm above the sole of the cockpit or recess. On ships less than 24 metres in length the maximum breadth of the opening in a companion hatch shall not exceed one metre. (10) On existing ships under 150 GT where adequate coamings are not fitted, shifting boards shall be fitted to a height of 300mm and have adequate visible adjacent storage. Skylights (11) All skylights shall be of weathertight construction and shall be located on the centerline of the ship or as near thereto as practical. If they are of the opening type, they shall be fitted with a coaming at least 300mm above the deck on ships under 150 GT, and 450 mm on ships 150 GT or greater. All skylights shall have an efficient means of closing. (12) Any openings in the weather deck designed as skylights shall incorporate toughened safety glass or an equivalent of at least 6mm thickness. They shall be provided with portable covers, which can be secured in place in the event of breakage. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 20

21 Portlights and Windows (13) Portlights, scuttles and windows to spaces below the weather deck, in a deckhouse or superstructure protecting opening leading below the weather deck shall be of efficient construction and fitted with permanently attached deadlights capable of being closed weathertight. (14) In a new ship a portlight or window shall not be fitted in the main hull below the weather deck, unless the glazing material and its method of fixing in the frame are equivalent in strength to that required for the structure in which it is fitted. (15) In a new ship, a scuttle shall not be provided to a space situated below the weather deck. (16) It is recommended that a scuttle does not exceed 250 mm in diameter or equivalent in size. (17) If windows are to be fitted in spaces above the weather deck, which protect openings leading below the weather deck, they shall be of weathertight construction. Portable covers shall be provided at the rate of 50% for each size of window, which can be secured weathertight in the event of breakage. (18) The portlights, scuttles and windows described above shall incorporate toughened safety glass or an equivalent of at least 6mm in thickness. Ventilators (19) Ventilators shall be of efficient construction and provided with a permanently attached means of weathertight closure. (20) Ventilators shall be kept as far inboard as practical and have a height to the lower edge of the opening of not less than 915mm above the weather deck. (21) Ventilators which must be kept open (e.g. for the supply of air to machinery or for the discharge of noxious or flammable gases) shall be specially considered with respect to their location and height above deck given that they may become down-flooding points. (22) Ventilators shall be positioned such that they will not interfere with the safe operation of the ship or where they can be caused damage by such operation. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 21

22 Air Pipes (23) Air pipes greater than 10mm inside diameter serving fuel or other tanks shall be of efficient construction and, if the opening is less than 33 mm above the deck, be provided with a permanently attached means of weathertight closure. (24) Where located on the weather deck they shall extend a minimum of 450mm above the weather-deck and be fitted with a check valve or non-return valve. (25) Spark arresting mesh shall be fitted on fuel tank vents. Sea Inlets and Discharges (26) All openings below the weather deck shall be fitted with an efficient means of closure. (a) Where the opening is for the purpose of an inlet or discharge below the waterline, it shall be fitted with a seacock, valve or other means of closure, which is readily accessible in an emergency. (b) Where the opening is for a log or any other sensor which is capable of being withdrawn, it shall be fitted in a watertight manner and provided with an effective means of closure when such a fitting is removed. Part D - Masts, Spars and Rigging (1) The design, materials and construction of masts, yards, booms, bowsprits and standing rigging including their supporting structures shall be suitable for intended service and shall have adequate strength to withstand the highest loadings imposed by the sail system during all normal and emergency operations. (2) Particular attention shall be given to the integration of the masts and rigging into the hull structure. The hull structure shall be adequately reinforced and stiffened to ensure sufficient strength and resistance to plate buckling. (3) All standing rigging shall have positively secured ends, and lower terminations shall incorporate means of adjustment. Safe, traditional, time proven methods may be acceptable if considered satisfactory to the attending Surveyor or inspector. (4) All running rigging shall be provided with clear running leads, using swivel blocks, fairleads, pad-eyes, etc. as appropriate. All running-rigging components shall be of adequate design and size to minimize the risk of jamming. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 22

23 (5) The strength of all blocks, shackles, rigging screws, cleats and associated fittings and attachment points shall exceed the breaking strength of associated running and standing rigging. (6) Every ship shall be provided with adequate means of reefing, shortening or reducing sails. (7) Every ship shall either be provided with separate storm sails or adequate strength and size or have specific sails designated and constructed to act as storm canvas. Particular ships for which these types of sail are unsuitable may be exempted by Maritime Cook Islands. (8) Adequate provision shall be made for securing running rigging, assuming the simultaneous use of sails. (9) For the rigging of new square-rigged sailing ships Germanischer Lloyd s Rules for the Masting and Rigging of Sailing Ships shall be followed and that fore and aft rigged ships be rigged according to the standard, supportable, and justifiable practice based on verifiable precedent for the type of rig under consideration. Route and historical safety record to be given substantial consideration. Sister ships with excellent records to be viewed favourably. (10) All fore-and-aft rigged ships shall provide documentation for precedent in all rigging details as representing conservative and conventional practice. Part E - Bilge Systems (1) Every ship shall be equipped with an efficient self-priming bilge pumping system consisting of at least: (a) For ships of length less than 24 metres one hand bilge pump having a minimum capacity of 1 m3/hr and one engine driven or independent, fixed power bilge pump having a minimum capacity of 5 m3/hr; (b) For ships having length of 24 metres and over two fixed power driven pumps having combined minimum capacity of 10 m3/hr. (2) Pumps and piping shall be so arranged that any compartment can be drained and that the overhaul of a pump shall be possible without putting other bilge pumps out of action. (3) For an existing ship, which cannot meet, the requirements given in (1) and (2) consideration may be given by Maritime Cook Islands to alternative arrangements to achieve an adequate safety standard. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 23

24 (4) Portable pumps shall not weigh more than 50 kg. (5) Spaces connected to a permanently installed bilge system shall be provided with suctions positioned so as to permit removal of flood water when the ship is heeled to 15 degrees in either direction. (6) Bilge pumps connected, or capable of being connected to the bilge system shall be capable of efficient operation with the ship heeled to 30 degrees in either direction. (7) Permanently installed bilge piping shall be arranged so as to prevent the transfer of floodwater from one compartment to another. (8) All bilge piping shall be smooth bore and not less than 25mm in diameter; suctions shall be through strum boxes. (9) Portable pumps, their power supply and hoses, shall be stowed in clearly marked stowages, secured with quick-release fastenings. (10 ) All bilge suction valves and pump discharge valves in new sail training ships shall be of the screw down non-return type. Bilge system pipes shall be clearly marked as such, and any bilge suction valve controls shall be clearly identified with the compartment served. (11) Through-hull bilge system discharges shall be by way of non-return valves or a siphon valve at the through-hull fitting. Part F - Fluid Systems (1) All permanently installed tanks provided for containing fluid shall be located on the longitudinal centerline or as close thereto as practical, oriented fore and aft, and located as low in the ship as possible. All fuel tanks shall be fitted with division / baffles to minimize free surface effect. (2) All permanently installed tanks shall be securely mounted and fastened to the ship structure, paying due regard to dynamic loads, differential expansion, and electrolytic corrosion. (3) The material of tanks and all components of a fluid system shall be compatible with the fluid contained, neither being corroded by the fluid nor impairing the quality of the fluid. (4) All joints in fluid systems shall be positively secured using approved methods appropriate to the material of construction. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 24

25 (5) Any components of a fluid system requiring periodic servicing or inspection shall be readily accessible to permit ease of performing the required operation. (6) Fluid connections to tanks shall be provided with valves or cocks to permit isolation of leaks or removal of system components. (7) Any component of a fluid system be designed with a safe working pressure of 1.5 times the normal maximum service pressure, paying due regard to any static head within the system. (8) All permanently installed tanks containing replenishable consumables shall be provided with identified filling connections and watertight filler caps. (9) All permanently installed tanks shall be provided with vents in accordance with the authorized Surveyor s requirements. (10) Any gray-water overboard discharges shall be by way of through-hull fittings incorporating non-return valves or shut-off cocks. (11) All permanently installed fluid or vent piping connected to fuel or sewage tanks shall, to the maximum extent practical, be remote from accommodation spaces and normal work stations. All such tank vents shall have flame screens of non-corrosive material fitted at the exit. (12) All ship service drains shall be installed with a minimum fall towards the tank connection of 5% unless fitted with a vacuum system. Part G - Machinery Internal Combustion Engines (1) Every new ship shall be fitted with a marine diesel engine and tanks to hold a sufficient supply of fuel capable of propelling it in a calm sea at a speed of minimum 6 knots for a period of at least 96 hours. Ships in which engines using other fuels are installed shall be subject to special consideration by Maritime Cook Islands in respect of fire safety provisions. (2) All engine seatings and securing arrangements and their ship supporting structure shall take into consideration the loadings arising from an acceleration of 2g in any direction up to angles of heel of 60 degrees. (3) The design of any engine and the installation arrangement in the ship shall permit unrestricted operation at angles of heel up to 15 degrees. All machinery shall be Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 25

26 designed to operate when the ship is upright and when listing at any angle up to and including 15 degrees either way under static conditions and 22.5 degrees either way under rolling conditions and simultaneously inclined 7.5 degrees by the bow or stern under pitching conditions. (4) Installation of engines shall permit full and ready access to all replenishment points, system connections, valves and filters. (5) All fluid system connections to engines shall be provided with cocks or valves on the hull side, to permit removal of the engine. (6) Space beneath the engine shall be arranged so as to contain any leakage or fluid, and to provide adequate access for removal of such fluid accumulation. (7) Installation of engines shall ensure unrestricted supply of cooling fluids and combustion air in accordance with the engine manufacturer s recommendations. (8) Combustion and cooling air shall be ducted from the weather deck, such ducts being arranged so as to minimize the ingestion of spray or moisture. (9) Separate ducts shall provide ventilation and cooling airflow, with equal cross-section area provided for intake and exhaust. Where combustion air is drawn from within the machinery space, the intake duct cross-section area shall be proportionally increased. (10) All ventilation and combustion air ducting shall be adequately supported and so far as practical shall not pass through any accommodation space. (11)The cross-sectional area of inlet ducts and of exhaust ducts providing ventilation/cooling air only shall be at least 22 cm² for each metre of ship beam. (12) Each engine shall be provided with a means of speed control and stopping. Instrumentation shall be provided at the position from which the engine is normally controlled, monitoring such parametres and marked with any manufacturer s limitations as recommended by the engine manufacturers. Visual and audio warnings shall be provided in the event that fault conditions leading to engine failure develop. (13) Engines, which are normally monitored and controlled from a remote station, shall be provided with local means of control and monitoring unless exempted from this requirement by Maritime Cook Islands. (14) Moving parts, hot surfaces and other hazards shall be so installed and protected as to minimize any danger to persons on board. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 26

27 (15) Exhaust pipe runs shall be as short as practical and any penetration of partitions or of the ship hull shall be adequately insulated. No dry exhaust pipes shall be run through spaces normally used for accommodation unless approved by Maritime Cook Islands. (16) No dry exhaust pipe shall terminate within one metre of the weather deck, a ventilation intake or a survival craft. (17) All permanently installed engines shall be capable of being started from a dead ship condition while alongside. (18) Engines used for ship propulsion shall be installed in enclosed spaces, which shall to the maximum extent practical be watertight and any bulkhead common with an accommodation space shall be fire resistant and vapour-proof (see ch. 3, part D, para. 8) (19) Any electrical equipment installed in an enclosed machinery space shall be of a certified safe or intrinsically safe type for use in the dangerous environment to which the equipment may be exposed. Transmission and Shafting (20) Engine power for propulsion shall be transmitted through transmission and shafting designed and installed in compliance with accepted classification society rules or be of a design with a record of at least five years safe operation in similar installation. (21) Transmissions shall provide for ahead and astern propulsion including neutral mode. (22) Transmission control shall be adjacent to controls for the connected engine. (23) No shafting shall penetrate accommodation spaces. (24) Shafting shall be designed and installed so as to ensure that first order critical (whirling) speed is not less than 110% of the maximum designed operating speed. (25) Shaft penetrations of the hull shall be by way of stern glands and bearings in accordance with established practice and provided with the appropriate adjustment or system for lubrication. Part H - Electrical Systems General (1) Electrical arrangements shall be such as to minimize risk of fire and electric shock. Particular attention shall be paid to the provision or overload and short circuit protection of all circuits, except engine starting circuits, which are battery powered. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 27

28 (2) Where general lighting within the ship is provided by a centralized electrical system, an alternative source of lighting (e.g. battery operated escape lights sufficient to enable persons to make their way up to the open deck) shall be provided. (3) Electrical components and cables and wires of systems of dissimilar electrical characteristics shall be kept separate to the maximum extent practical, and voltage characteristics shall be identified at origination or the destination of the circuit. (4) Lightning conductors shall be fitted to each mast of non-metallic ships and to each mast of steel or aluminum ships having wooden masts or topmasts except where the height of any antenna exceeds that of the masts and the antenna is equipped with lightning arrestors or other effective devices. (5) Lightning conductors shall be composed of continuous copper tape or cable having a cross-sectional area of not less than 25mm 2 and shall be continuous from a point 150mm above the mast truck to a copper plate of not less than 0.2 m 2 in area fixed to the keel below the waterline in a manner that it remains immersed under all conditions of heel and trim; the lightning conductor plate shall only be used for lightning conductor purposes. DC Systems (6) DC systems shall be of a two-wire type with insulated feed and return; systems of more than 55 volts shall be in accordance with Surveyors requirements (7) Provided that engines installed in metallic-hulled ships are electrically isolated from the hull, all engine blocks may be used as a common ground return for engine-mounted electrical equipment. (8) Non-conducting exposed metal parts of electrical equipment shall be grounded to the hull; in ships of wooden or reinforced plastic hull construction, this grounding shall be by way of a continuous conductor terminating on the main engine or a copper ground plate of area not less than 0.2 m 2 fixed to the keel below the light waterline so as to be fully immersed under all conditions of heel. (9) All grounding connections shall be of copper, readily accessible and securely fastened and protected as necessary against damage and electrolytic corrosion. (10) In grounded distribution systems, the grounded side shall be of negative polarity. (11) Distribution panels and switchboards shall be located in well-ventilated areas protected from rain or spray, which may enter through scuttles, vents or deck openings. Maritime Cook Islands Sail Training Code v1 28