NAVIGATION AND SEAMANSHIP Maintain navigational charge of ship

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1 1 of 6 level: 5 credit: 60 planned review date: June 1998 sub-field: purpose: entry information: accreditation option: moderation option: special notes: Maritime People credited with this unit standard are able to fix the ship's position whilst underway; making way and at anchor; adjust the ship's course and speed; manoeuvre the ship whilst in charge of the watch; maintain the watch; and monitor ship's progress in relation to the plan. Open. Evaluation of documentation and visit by NZQA and industry. A centrally established and directed moderation system has been established by the Maritime Qualifications New Zealand (Inc). Regulations include: International Convention on Standards of Training Certification and Watch Keeping (STCW), 1978, Regulation 11/1, 11/2, 11/3, 11/4, Resolution 1 (Proposed Fishing 11/1, 11/2, 11/3); International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea; International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea; and Manning and Watchkeeping Regulations. Operating instructions are detailed in company operating procedures, Bridge Procedures Guide, and Keeping a Safe Navigational Watch handbook. Steering modes include: automatic, remote, and manual. Navigational Standing Orders include: Master s Standing Orders and Master s Night Orders.

2 2 of 6 Navigation occurs through usual, terrestrial and celestial techniques, and the use of electronic means. Maintaining Navigational Change of the ship occurs during weather conditions of reduced visibility, and night and clear visibility. Knowledge underpinning this unit standard includes: determining the position by celestial observations, including the use of the sun, moon, stars and planets; by terrestrial observations including the ability to use bearings from landmarks and aids to navigation such as light houses, beacons and buoys, in conjunction with appropriate charts, notices to mariners and other publications to assess the accuracy of the resulting position fix; by using modern ship electronic navigational aids, the sextant and compass with specific knowledge of their operating principles, limitations, sources of error, detection of misrepresentation of information and methods of correction to obtain accurate position fixing; precautions in manoeuvring to launching boat or craft; calculation and use of helm over position when altering course; and use and effect of override equipment in an emergency. Position fixing methods include: visual compass, sextant angles, bearings, radar, radio navigation systems, echosounder, other electronic position fixing systems (eg Global Positioning System - (GPS), DECCA, LORAN, OMEGA, Transit SATNAV). Position is determined whilst underway in in-shore waters, in coastal waters, in ocean areas, and at anchor in open and restricted waters. Manoeuvres include: stopping and going astern, manoeuvring in the vicinity of pilot vessel s and other craft, turning short round, bringing a ship to a single anchor in an emergency, man overboard, emergency stopping, avoiding collision, and turning in heavy weather.

3 3 of 6 Elements and Performance Criteria element 1 Determine ship s position whilst underway, making way and at anchor. 1.1 The primary position fixing method selected and used meets the operational requirements of the ship s present situation. 1.2 The ship s position is obtained within accepted instrument and system error tolerances and is obtained at time intervals which meet the requirements of the prevailing navigational conditions. 1.3 Continuous monitoring techniques are used in addition to historic fixes, and evidence of checks on the primary position fixing method are obtained at routine intervals. 1.4 Documentation relating to the recording of the ship s position is completed in a manner which complies with organisational and navigational rules and procedures. element 2 Adjust the ship s course and speed. 2.1 Decisions to effect an amendment to course and speed are both timely and conducted in accordance with navigational practice. 2.2 The vessel is navigated at a speed and course which maintain the safety of the vessel, cargo, and personnel with respect to other traffic or hazards. 2.3 Operating limits of ship s propulsion, steering and power systems are not exceeded during normal, planned manoeuvres.

4 4 of Manoeuvring signals are made at the time and in accordance with the procedures, required by the International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea. 2.5 Confirmation of the effectiveness of course and speed adjustments is timely and utilises techniques suited to the navigational situation. element 3 Manoeuvre the ship whilst in charge of the watch. manoeuvre in in-shore waters (rivers and estuaries), coastal waters when approaching pilot vessels or stations, shallow waters, in close quarters with other vessels, anchorage, and open ocean while personally controlling the ship s navigation. 3.1 Manoeuvres are made which will progress the planned passage and keep the ship in safe water. 3.2 Alterations of course are smooth and controlled without overshoot. initial and subsequent alterations to course or speed are taken to avoid collision, correct for actual or anticipated compass error. 3.3 Steady course is maintained within limits with respect to the area of navigation, visibility, the existing sea state and the presence of other traffic. 3.4 Communication of navigational orders is clear, concise and acknowledged in a manner and level suited to the recipient, and action is taken to confirm that navigational orders have been implemented as intended. 3.5 Selection of steering mode complies with operating instructions and good navigational practice, and is most suitable for the manoeuvre with respect to area, wind and sea state. 3.6 Engine movements are undertaken to progress the planned passage and are designed to complement helm movements.

5 5 of Operating limits of ship propulsion, steering and power systems are not exceeded in routine, planned manoeuvres. operating limits are defined in the ship's engine specifications or as advised by the chief engineer. element 4 Maintain the navigational watch. 4.1 Information passed during the exchange of the watch is complete, accurate, meets the needs of the relieving watch keeper and current situation, and is conducted in accordance with company and statutory regulations, principles and procedures, and the Master s Standing Orders. 4.2 Clarification is sought where watch information is unclear. 4.3 Lights, shapes and sound signals conform with the requirements contained in the International Regulations for Prevention of Collisions at Sea. 4.4 Lookout is maintained in a manner which conforms with statutory regulations, Company Standing Orders and Master s Standing Orders. 4.5 Documentation relating to the maintenance of the watch is completed in a manner which complies with organisational and statutory regulations and procedures. 4.6 The frequency and degree of performance checks to navigational equipment, monitoring of traffic, the ship and the environment conform with statutory and owner s requirements. 4.7 Monitoring of vessel s position continues whilst master or pilot is conning vessel.

6 6 of The occasions and times for seeking assistance conform with Navigation Standing Orders, accepted principles and procedures, and Master s Night Orders. information and assistance can be obtained from deck officers and the master. Comments to: Maritime Qualifications New Zealand (Inc) Unit Standard Revision PO Box 160 WELLINGTON by June Please Note: Providers must be accredited by the Qualifications Authority before they can offer programmes of education and training assessed against unit standards. Accredited providers assessing against unit standards must engage with the moderation system that applies to those unit standards. [Please refer to relevant Plan ref: 0054]