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1 Asian Research Consortium Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6, No. 8, August 2016, pp Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities ISSN A Journal Indexed in Indian Citation Index DOI NUMBER: / Category:Science and Technology Smart Home Automation using Sensors and Internet of Things Dr. P. Kuppusamy* Abstract *Professor, IT Research Lab, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Gnanamani College of Technology, Namakkal, India. The technology development is paving way for the automation to be made to the existing machines leading to the new technology called Internet of Things. Things get connected with each other over Internet that reduces human workload. The home is built with electrical devices for comfortable living style. But, the devices are operated manually in the home. The devices are in running state even users left the home with unaware of the electrical devices status. Hence, users should come back to the home to stop the devices. It leads to wastage of human energy, electrical energy and devices life time. This paper is proposed to implement the smart home automation that controls the devices such as fan, lamp and motor from remote location over the network. The experiments have been conducted to implement the automation using Arduino Uno controller that interfaces Ethernet shield and operates the devices using web, android applications through smart phone, laptop. This research work is proposed to reduce human workload and reduce the electricity consumption. Keywords: Internet of Things, Smart home, Arduino, Energy, Sensors. 1. Introduction Smart devices have been enormously developed using sensors since the development of information and communication technology. The smart devices utilization has been restricted since that is lacking intercommunication between them. Initially, all smart devices are connected using wires. However, it leads to portability problem. This motivates the researchers to work on connecting these devices using wireless network that is capable of accommodating the smart 2642
2 devices. Hardware developing organizations have developed adaptable devices, additional management services and gateways for smart devices. Smart home network technology has been deployed in various systems such as power line and radio frequency systems. These developments enable the deployment of a network in smart devices. It leads to another challenge of high cost of the devices. The scarcity of the electricity has become a greatest challenge in the day to day life. Industries are ready with the solution for the conservation of the electrical energy by using the electrical devices only when it is necessary. In home where there is no automation systems are yet to be established and the home makes large scale wastage of the electricity by leaving electrical devices ideal without turning OFF. The main objective of this paper is designing the automation for the home appliances using sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) and conservation of the electricity. The light and fan are the major electrical devices in the home. So in this study the electrical devices are automated using sensors to achieve particular state. The remote ON and OFF switch is designed with the android application instead of the manual remote control of the devices. The devices can be found when the user needs device and android application is another exception from the working of the device with the sensors. The motive of this research work is to turn off the electrical devices when it is unnecessary and control the electrical devices from remote places using the android application which can lead to the electrical energy saving and the automation of the devices. It avoids the frequent inspection of the device as this method gets skipped the user may get some time for inspecting other devices that are being used manually. The continuous inspection is avoided and the data which are needed for the monitoring the garden are being fetched from the controller. 2. Related Work Smart Home is build with intelligent devices integrated that control features of the home. Cook et al have stated that smart homes be able aware of its surroundings and user activities in order to meet out the goals of comfort and efficiency. Initially, smart homes were houses with the sole ability to monitor and regulate environmental systems such as heating and lighting [2]. Ricquebourg et al. (2006) described that any electrical component within the home could be included in the system since advanced technologies have been developed [7]. A diverse range of smart home characteristics include monitoring systems and making comfortable environment such as light, temperature and humidity. It is also provided security by finding unauthorized users through sensing the movements, monitoring health and energy-conservation via turning off lights. Deleawe et al denoted the significance of monitoring indoor air quality to mitigate health inconvenience. Such a system could be fine-tuned to help sickness users with emphysema, asthma and other chronic respiratory illnesses. The ability to process accessed data and adapt in real-time allows for warnings or responses from the system that have a direct assistance to the humans in the smart home [4]. Cook and Das have presented that explicit input must now be replaced with more humanlife communication capabilities and with implicit activities and those systems should be made userfriendly to the target set of end-users. They have been advised that natural interfaces, user interfaces that are concealed from the human eye and controlled by intuitive and natural-feeling around a smart environment [2]. Das and Roy (2008) have described that smart environment should be able to access the surroundings autonomously and apply facts with the ultimate objective to improve their experience [3]. Ye et al. (2011) have presented a top-level ontology for smart 2643
3 environments that interpreted multi-modal sensor data to extort semantically meaningful classifications. It has been used set theory with context ontology to identify basic scenarios that can be validated by their interpreted data [9]. The things which are in the home are being operated manually using the electrical switch. Each time the user wants to switch ON an electrical component he has to manually operate the switches into either ON or OFF. The probability of forgetting to OFF an electrical component using the switch during the user leaves the place for some other work. It is leading to the wastage of electricity and lifetime of electrical components is also decreased [1]. The garden must be maintained and sprayed the water twice a day manually and the moisture of the soil must be periodically checked before the spraying of water. If the user does not check the soil moisture at regular intervals, then plants growths will be affected. The existing system does not have remote control to control the electrical components [5], [6]. The proposed work provides the automation model for operating the electrical components in the home and watering the garden automatically based on soil moisture status [8]. 3. Smart Automation using Sensors and Iot 3.1 Sensor Device Power Utilization The power utilization of a sensor device to transmit the m- bits of sensed information to the controller located in remote distance d is equivalent to collect the m- bits of feedback data. The power (P S ) utilization of a single sensor 50 nj/bit of sensed information and transmitting amplified information to the device from controller is 100 pj/bit/m 2. The power (P U ) utilization of sensor integrated device per unit time estimated using the following equation. (1) The total power utilization (P T ) of the sensor device for time t is computed as given in equation (2). is sensor node functioning period in total time interval t. 3.2 Smart System using Sensors The Figure 1 shows the home and gardening automation for the electrical devices using IoT. The devices status is displayed in PC / Android mobile devices through network. The network is established through Ethernet shield that is connected with Arduino Uno controller. The Arduino Uno controller consists digital and analog signal that are connected to electrical devices and sensors respectively. The regulator is placed amid Arduino and electrical devices to regulate the voltage. The electrical components will get switched ON only during the need of the devices. This process is automatically initiated without help of human interruption and their attention. The fan can run automatically by checking the temperature of the room. When the temperature exceeds the particular point it changes from one state to another state. When the intensity of light exceeds the particular value the light automatically gets switched ON. (2) 2644
4 Digital Pins Regulator (5A/12A) Fan Air Conditioner Lamp AC Motor (Water tank/garden) d Analog Pins Sensors (LM35, LDR, Humidity Arduino & Figure Ethernet 1. Shield Smart Automation using IoT Sensor, Water Level Sensor) The components can also be controlled by the Android application irrespective from the location. Inspection of the garden at a time interval can be avoided. The advantages of this model is avoid frequent inspection of electrical components, avoid wastage of electrical energy and electrical devices are automated using the sensors. Applications of proposed IoT based smart home is automatic fan controller, automatic light controller and smart garden. 3.3 Automatic Fan Controller The fan controller model is designed using the servo motor and the LM35 sensor. When the temperature in the room increases the fan automatically switches ON. From the data collection threshold temperature is fixed as 25 c. When the temperature increases more than 25 c the fan gets automatically switches ON. This module is designed without any human intervention. 3.4 Automatic Light Controller This module is designed using the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and the Light Emitting Diode (LED). The data is being collected and the threshold value is fixed as the 235 for intensity of the light that is at a lower state. The light is needed to be switched ON to transfer from one state to the other state from the data. The light is being automated. 3.5 Smart Garden The moisture of the soil is being checked and when the moisture in the soil is low than the water gets sprayed automatically. This module is done with moisture sensor and the servo motor. The data is collected and the threshold value is fixed 800.When the moisture gets more than 800 then the motor gets switched ON automatically leading to the spraying of the water to the garden. 4. Experimental Setup The experiment has been tested and implemented with the following components and results have been verified through electrical components operation. 2645
5 Arduino Uno Controller Ethernet Shield LM35 temperature sensor LDR Humidity sensor Water level indicator Regulator (5A/12A) Servo motor Software: PHP, Embedded C (Arduino) Fan Lamp LED 4.1 Web Application The electrical components such as fan, light and the motor are controlled through web application (PHP). The web application is connected with the Internet. Through the web application the electrical components can be controlled from anywhere. The web application is interfaced through the Ethernet shield. The Ethernet shield acts as the web server. 4.2 Android Application The android application is used for controlling the electrical components such as light, fan and the motor. The android application is connected with the Bluetooth to the Arduino and electrical equipments are controlled from android through the Bluetooth. 5. Results and Discussion The Figure 2 shows the experimental testing of LDR and temperature sensors working prototype. When light intensity is decreased beyond threshold level then lamp is automatically switched ON without human interruption. When temperature is increased over threshold value 25 c FAN is automatically run in the room. The web application controls the LED, servo motor and FAN through network from remote location. The smart phone, laptop and personal computers are used for accessing web application over the network. This proposed model controls the LED and servo motor over the network from remote location. 2646
6 Figure 2 a. Lamp Figure 2 b. Fan and Servo Motor Figure 2 c. Remote Access via Android using Bluetooth and Web Browser The Figure 3a and Figure 3b have shown minimum switch handling in a day and an energy consumption of various electrical devices used in the home and office respectively. The electrical devices such as fan and air conditioner have been utilized much time than other devices. In this scenario, users have been moved in and out of the room frequently at day time since they have work outside the room. But users have forgotten to switch OFF the devices during move out of the room. Hence devices have consumed the energy unnecessary. To avoid this, proposed smart approach, detect the users using sensors and also devices have been operated (switch ON/OFF) over the network using smart phone. Thus proposed approach has been decreased an energy consumption and also increased the devices life time. 2647
7 Figure 3 A. Minimum Number of Times Handling Electrical Devices in a Day Dilemma 1 Let consider user are handling the electrical equipments such as Compact Fluorescent Lamp 20 watts, fan 100watts, one ton air conditioner 1000 watts and one Horse Power (HP) motor for watering the garden 746 watts for 3 hours in a day. In this, users are moving out of the room 3 times for 10 minutes period sporadically and garden is irrigated 30 minutes earlier than user monitor the water level. Let compute 1000 watts = 1 KW = 1 Unit (3) Energy consumption of electrical devices are calculated for 3 hours in watts by considering the users unavailability time in a room and motor is running even completed the irrigation of garden earlier. The proposed smart approach has been saving the energy consumption 9.4% than the manual handling of electrical equipments. Energy Consumption ( KW) Smart Approach Manual Lamp Fan A/C Garden Motor 2648
8 6. Conclusion Figure 3 b. Energy Consumption This paper has been proposed the smart automation for home that controls the electrical devices such as fan, lamp, air conditioner and motor from remote location over the network using sensors. The experiments have been implemented and results shown that devices have been operated over the network using web and android application through smart phone, laptop. This has been demonstrated that it is decreased the human workload and the electricity consumption. This work could be extended to connect all electrical equipments such as refrigerator, washing machine and its security. The security is always a threat for the users in the Internet. When things are connected to the internet there is a greater chance for the hackers to know about home and misuse the devices that are connected. References Al-Sumaiti, A. S., Ahmed, M. H. and Magdy, Smart Home Activities: A Literature Review, Electric Components and Systems, 42, 3, 2014, pp Cook, D. J., and Das, S. K., How smart are our environments? An updated look at the state of the art, Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 3, 2007, pp Das, S. K., and Roy, N., Learning, Prediction and Mediation of Context Uncertainty in Smart Pervasive Environments. Meersman, R., Tari, Z., and Herrero, P., (Eds.): OTM 2008 Workshops, LNCS 5333, 2008, pp Deleawe, S. et al., Predicting air quality in smart environments, Journal of ambient intelligence and smart environments, 2, , pp Mennicken, S., Vermeulen, J., and Huang, E. M., From Today's Augmented Houses to Tomorrow's Smart Homes: New Directions for Home Automation Research, Proceedings of the 2013 ACM conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing, Mishra, B. H., Attitude of senior citizens towards smart home technologies: A literature review, Human Ageing and Elderly Service, Ricquebourg, V et al., The smart home concept: our immediate future, 1ST IEEE International Conference on E-Learning in Industrial Electronics, 2006, pp Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., and Cook, D., Smart homes for monitoring and assessing everyday functioning and for real-time intervention, In the Role of Technology in Clinical Neuropsychology, Oxford University Press, Ye, J., Stevenson, G., and Dobson, S., A top-level ontology for smart environments, Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 2011, pp
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