1. The charge of any ion of a Group A nonmetal is determined by subtracting 8 from the. 2. Anion names start with the stem of element name and end in.
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1 Chapter 9: Chemical Names and Formulas Name: Period: Date: Chemistry Content Standard: 2. Biological, chemical, and physical properties of matter result from the ability of atoms to form bonds from electrostatic forces between electrons and protons and between atoms and molecules. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know atoms combine to form molecules by sharing electrons to form covalent or metallic bonds or by exchanging electrons to form ionic bonds. b. Students know chemical bonds between atoms in molecules such as H 2, CH 4, NH 3, H 2 CCH 2, N 2, Cl 2, and many large biological molecules are covalent. c. Students know salt crystals, such as NaCl, are repeating patterns of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attraction. d. Students know the atoms and molecules in liquids move in a random pattern relative to one another because the intermolecular forces are too weak to hold the atoms or molecules in a solid form. e. Students know how to draw Lewis dot structures. f. * Students know how to predict the shape of simple molecules and their polarity from Lewis dot structures. g. * Students know how electronegativity and ionization energy relate to bond formation. h. * Students know how to identify solids and liquids held together by van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding and relate these forces to volatility and boiling/ melting point temperatures. 9.1 Naming Ions I. Monatomic Ion A. Monatomic ion - B. The charges of Group A metal and nonmetal ions are related to their positions in the periodic table. C. The charges result from the or of one or more electrons, respectively. D. Cations 1. The charge of the cation is equal to their group number. 2. The names of the cations are the as the name of the metal, followed by the word.. E. Anions 1. The charge of any ion of a Group A nonmetal is determined by subtracting 8 from the. 2. Anion names start with the stem of element name and end in. 1
2 F. Ions of Transition Metals 1. The charges of the cations of transition metal ions must be determined from the. 2. To name the ions of transition metals, the Stock system is used. 3. After the name of the element, the is given in Roman numerals in parentheses. G. Polyatomic Ions The names of most polyatomic anions end in - or -. 2
3 I. Naming and Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds A. Binary Compound 1. A binary Compound can be either or B. Naming binary ionic compound Write the name of the cation first, followed by the name of the anion. C. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds - Write the symbol of the cation and then the anion. Add whatever subscripts are needed to balance the charges. 3
4 D. Compounds With Polyatomic Ions 1. Write the symbol for the cation followed by the formula for the polyatomic ion and balance the charges. Example: 1. Calcium nitrate is composed of a calcium cations (Ca 2+ ) and nitrate anions (NO 3 ). 2. Calcium carbonate 3. Lead(II)sulfate is an important component of an automobile battery. D. Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions To name a compound containing a polyatomic ion, state the cation first and then the anion, just as you did in naming binary ionic compounds. Example: 1. Na 2 CO 3 4
5 III. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds A. A in the name of a binary molecular compound tells how many atoms of an element are present in each molecule of the compound. B. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds a. Name the elements in the order listed in the formula. b Use prefixes to indicate the number of each kind of atom. c. Omit the prefix mono- when the formula contains only one atom of the first element in the name. d. The suffix of the name of the second element is -ide. 1. CO 2 2. Silicon carbide IV. Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases A. Acid B. Know the three common acids 1. HCl 2. HNO 3 3. H 2 SO 4 C. Base D. Bases are named in the same way as other ionic compounds the name of the cation is followed by the name of the anion. Example:, Write the formula of aluminum hydroxide 5
6 Check Your Understanding 1. When metals from groups 1A, 2A, and 3A form cations, the charge on the ion is equal to A. 8 minus the group number. B. the group number minus 8. C. the period number. D. the group number. 2. If the name of an ion ends in -ite or -ate, the ion is a A. polyatomic cation. B. polyatomic anion. C. transition metal cation. D. monatomic anion. 3. The correct name for CrCl 3 is A. chromium chlorine. B. chromium(iii) chloride. C. monochromium trichloride. D. chromium(iii) trichloride. 4. What is the correct formula for strontium nitride? A. Sr 3 N 2 B. SrN 2 C. Sr 2 N 3 D. Sr 3 N 5. Which of the following compounds is named INCORRECTLY? A. CS 2, carbon disulfide B. BCl 3, boron trichloride C. IF 7, iodine heptafluoride D. PCl 5, phosphorus hexachloride 6. Which of the following molecular compounds is named INCORRECTLY? A. SbCl 3, antimony trichloride B. C 2 O 5, dicarbon pentoxide C. CF 4, carbon tetrafluoride D. H 3 As, hydrogen arsenide 7. The correct formula for tetraphosphorus trisulfide is A. P 3 S 4 B. S 3 P 4 C. P 4 S 3 D. S 4 P 3 6
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1 2 How do chemists count atoms/formula units/molecules? How do we go from the atomic scale to the scale of everyday measurements (macroscopic scale)? The gateway is the mole! But before we get to the