6.2 What does a natural tropical rainforest look like?

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1 6.2 What does a natural tropical rainforest look like?

2 How does a tropical rainforest look like? Layered structure Evergreen Rich diversity of plant species (Credit: David Woodfall / WWI / Still Pictures) What characteristics of the tropical rainforest can you identify in this photo?

3 What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests? 1 Evergreen Tropical rainforests are evergreen. They grow continuously throughout the year An aerial view of the tropical rainforest in Brazil (Credit: Jim Zuckerman/Corbis)

4 What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests? 2 Layered structure Emergent layer Canopy layer Tropical Young tree rainforests layer generally consist of five layers. Shrub layer Undergrowth and ground layer

5 What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests? 3 Trees with special characteristics of roots and leaves Broad-leafed (Credit: Gary Braasch/Corbis) Buttress roots above the soil Leaves with thick waxy surface and drip-tips (Credit: Jacques Jangoux/Photo Researchers, Inc.) Shallow roots in the soil

6 What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests? 4 Rich diversity of plant species Tropical rainforests are famous for their rich and luxuriant plant species. Trees are mostly hardwoods. Apart from trees, there are many other plants in a rainforest. (Credit: Panorama Stock Photo Co. Ltd.)

7 What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests? 4 Rich diversity of plant species A Epiphytes Small shrubs or herbs attaching themselves to trunks and branches, e.g. orchids Grow in canopy layer and capture sunlight Harmless to the host (Credit: H. Brehm / Blickwinkel) Have aerial roots to capture moisture from the air

8 What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests? 4 Rich diversity of plant species B Climbers Woody plants that climb along the trees to reach the canopy layer for sunlight, e.g. lianas (Credit: Pietro Cenini/Panos Pictures)

9 What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests? 4 Rich diversity of plant species (Credit: Ron Hayes/World of Stock) C Saprophytes Plants that feed on dead or decaying organic matter such as dead leaves and old wood, e.g. fungi Found in places where sunlight cannot penetrate (e.g. forest floor)

10 What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests? 4 Rich diversity of plant species D Parasites Do not produce their own food Grow on other host plants and live by taking nutrients from the host plants, e.g. corpse flowers Corpse flower (Credit: COMPOST/Peter Arnold Inc.)

11 What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests? 4 Rich diversity of plant species E Stranglers Start their life as epiphytes and send roots down to the ground, e.g. strangling fig Eventually block the sunlight and kill the host tree Strangling fig (Credit: F. Poelking/Blickwinkel)

12 What is the climate of tropical rainforests? 1 Temperature patterns High annual mean temperature, about C 27 Hot throughout the year Located at low latitudes, tropical rainforests receive ( low / high ) input of solar radiation.

13 What is the climate of tropical rainforests? 1 Temperature patterns High annual rainfall, usually over mm 2,000 Intense sunlight during daytime causes convection rain in the afternoon. Rainstorm in a rainforest

14 How do tropical rainforests look like? Why do tropical rainforests look like this? This reflects their adaptation to the equatorial climate: 1 Evergreen Plants grow luxuriantly under high temperatures and with abundant rainfall 2 Layered structure Competition for sunlight results in different layers of plants

15 How do tropical rainforests look like? 3 Trees with special root and leaf characteristics 4 Rich diversity of plant species Why do tropical rainforests look like this? Buttress roots: strong mechanical support for tall trees Shallow roots: take nutrients up from the topsoil Leaves have a thick waxy surface and/or driptips: to shed excess water from leaves A hot and wet climate results in a rich diversity of plant species

16 What animals can we find in tropical rainforests? Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Insects

17 Where do animals live in the rainforest? The animals tend to live in a particular layer in the rainforest. Drag the animal on the left onto the layer it lives. If the game cannot work properly, click here to download the latest Adobe Flash Player.

18 What animals can we find in tropical rainforests? (Credit: Frans Lanting/Corbis) Many rainforest animals use different ways to protect themselves. Camouflage: in order to hide Bright colour: to indicate poisonous Special structure: in order to escape (Credit: Michael & Patricia Fogden/Corbis) (Credit: Rhett A. Butler/mongabay.com)

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21 2 Layered structure Emergent layer Height: up to 50 metres Tall, straight and smooth trunks Umbrella shape for full exposure to sunlight

22 2 Layered structure Canopy layer Height: ranging from 20 to 35 metres Oval-shaped crowns Close and continuous canopy blocks sunlight from penetrating down to the forest floor

23 2 Layered structure Young tree layer Height: seldom exceeds 15 metres Conical-shaped crowns Trees die easily due to insufficient sunlight

24 2 Layered structure Shrub layer Height: less than metres 5 Mostly woody shrubs Heliconia is found in the shrub layer in tropical rainforests

25 2 Layered structure Undergrowth and ground layer Only little undergrowth, e.g. mosses and fungi Little availability of sunlight Mushrooms are a kind of fungus found on the forest floor

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