Indian Science and Technology. In the Decade of Innovations T.Ramasami, Secretary, DST

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1 Indian Science and Technology In the Decade of Innovations T.Ramasami, Secretary, DST

2 India In 2009 Poised for transformational change Registering robust GDP growth in difficult times Indian youth demonstrate growth aspirations Needs investments into Demographic dividend Education and Skill development receive priority Large number of new institutions established Science and Technology enter the main stage in development process Decade of Innovations is the stated agenda

3 Changing Mindsets: Indian social contexts Ancient civilizations have come to accept that Science in its wider definition should stem beyond understanding and discovery processes and include also applications for solving social problems India is coming to terms with the inclusion of discovery, technology and innovation as part of her science establishment. Driving factors of modern science demand multiple strategies Discovery Science is scholarship driven Solution science is market and society driven Innovation is competition driven

4 Changing Contexts of Social challenges of India Between era Economic realities; Food shortage; Wide spread poverty; Social inequities; Low rates of employment; Weak export trade and lack of technology culture; Weak industrial enterprise Science delivered solutions for food and milk shortages, technology denials and enabled self reliance Between era Energy-, Environment-, water- and inlandsecurity, affordable human health care, climate change are social challenges seeking science derived solutions Competitive and world economy and trade impact the fundamentals of scientific solutions Flow of Solution science is global and wide reaching

5 Current Focus of Indian Science and Technology Preparing for an India of 2030 Challenge of Indian Science, Technology and Innovation system

6 Anatomy of Indian Science, Technology and Innovation system in eight parts R&D in NGO groups Mission mode Strategic Agencies DAE,DOS, DRDO Government Funding & developmental agencies R&D by MNCs Indian STI system Academic/ Sector Focused on education Industrial R&D systems Mission mode Non strategic R&D Bodies CSIR Socio economic Ministries as users of S&T outputs Some what thinly spread but rooted in all dimensions of STI system

7 Current Status of eight-part Indian STI system 1. Mission mode Agencies Focused on self reliance, under transition in the era of techno-globalism 2. Government Agencies Focused on the balancing in the art of funding and developmental roles in scholarship focused science, market driven technology and competition linked innovation system 3. Academic sector Challenged by need to expand many fold without dilutions of excellence and loss of focus on research 4. Socio economic ministries seeking solutions from science Challenged by mis-matched rates of scientific development and societal absorption of global solutions

8 Current Status of Indian STI system 5. Mission mode R&D in non strategic sector Transition from command economy models to dynamic global competition in a weak technology demand status 6. Industrial R&D systems Lower levels of private sector investment into R&D and challenges of enhancing value addition to raw materials through innovation driven manufacturing 7. R&D by MNCs Taking advantage of low expertise costs for IP generation for global use 8. R&D by NGOs Sustaining high manpower costs and R&D infrastructure in a largely public funded R&D landscape

9 Q1: What is Relative Position of India in the world of Science? Q2: Could we quantify and enhance the share of Indian science and technology in the share of economic growth?

10 GERD Vs SCI papers correlations in World of Science S C I p a p e r s i n t h o u s a n d s India 0 C h i n a G E r m s n y Line of maximum slope J A P a n A feasible near term U target for India K Investments in R&D in US $ billion per year U S A SCI paper USA, Germany, UK, Japan, China, France, Canada, Italy, Holland, Australia, Korea, Russia and India

11 GERD Vs SCI Papers Correlations in World of Science S C I p a p e r s i n t h o u s a n d s Line of maximum slope China Korea India Japan Investments in R&D in US $ billion per year in 2003 Japan, China, Korea, India SCI paper Dollar productivity in India is high; but quantum is low.

12 Decisions were made to triple the investments into S&T For the period relative to

13 India s performance at Scientific Publication front India India Scopus data base Science, 1 May 2009 Slope change is more than five times Good news is that citation frequency has doubled during the last few years

14 Patenting trends in India Patents Filed (Number) Patents granted Patents Filed (Number)

15 Indian future opportunities in comparison to other developed & emerging nations Canada India Japan India Italy India korea India Based on differential growth rates of publications, Indian rank can gradually improve from the current 10 th to,9 th, 8 th, 5 th positions in 2010, 2013, 2015, respectively if all growth parameters are maintained as such India China Spain India

16 Comparisons of PhD outputs China India Japan Korea Lessons from China: 6-7 years after PhD outputs yield publication outcome. India may need to increase PhD outputs to say 10,000 within 4 years

17 PhD vs publications one to one correspondance Series Series China India

18 Higher resource investments Have started yielding some initial results for Have started yielding some initial results for the country. Expansion of the R&D base is essential to gain global competitiveness Increase in PhD output with matching increase in absorption capacity in STI system is the way forward Increase PhD outputs to say 10,000 per year within four years is planned?

19 Innovation in Scientific Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE) announced by the Prime Minister on 3 rd January 2008 and launched on 13 th December, 2008 Focused on developing a S&T landscape Nourishing the root of scholarship driven science

20 A COMPREHENSIVE EFFORT FOR ATTRACTION OF TALENT TO SCIENCE INSPIRE -SCHEME LAUNCHED ON 13 DECEMBER 08 PROGRAMME ANNOUNCED BY PRIME MINISTER IN 95 TH CONGRESS ON 3rd JAN 07 AND LAUNCHED ON 13 DECEMBER 08 INSPIRE AWARDEES 2 LAKHS/YR CLASS VI-X JEE/AIEEE/ exam based criteria etc Top 1% criteria 25:75 INSPIRE INTERNS ~50,000 SUMMER CAMPS100 Locations; class XI Effort to cover all top1% at class X Effort will be made to cover all 4 lakh schools with at least 2 students during the five year implementation NET/ GATE ETC UNIVERSITY RANK 25:75 SHE SCHOLARS 10,000/YR BSc/MSc PPP EFFORT FOR APPLIED AREAS INSPIRE FELLOWS 1000/YR PhD PROJECT BASED PEER SELECTION Effort to attract STIOs INSPIRE FACULTY 1000/YR POST DOCTORAL 2 YRS DURING XI PLAN Based on international and national peer reviewing system similar to the one adopted by IISc and centers of higher learning

21 Science, Technology and Innovation System of India Selecting S&T output indicators

22 Science, Technology and Innovation output indicators: Emerging global scenario Science is scholarship driven Indicators of competitive performance Number of SCI publications, Impact factors of journals, citations, H and M-indices, Number in top 1% of impact journals, global recognitions, patents, IPR gained and commercialized, royalty accrued Technology is market driven Indicators of competitive performance Percentage share of technology in GDP growth rates and export trade, Percentage share of industrial investment into R&D, technology solutions for basic needs Innovation is competition driven Indicators of competitive performance Quantitative tools for competitive innovation indices have emerged

23 Sector India s relative position Scholarship driven science Market driven Technology Competition driven innovation Good return for dollar and people invested. Relative position does not match talent pool on account of low investments and poor absorption capacity. Comparative position is improving Value addition to Indian raw materials through technology in competitive trade is lower than optimum. Stronger coupling between technology and trade is desired Innovation eco system is relatively weak on account of mismatch of development and absorption and poor risk bearing capacity in the manufacturing systems. Innovation ecosystem needs re-designing

24 Global norms for Measurements and Assessment of Scientific Outputs For Transparency and Accountability to the country

25 An Illustration of evidence based decision for S&T intervention in nation building Drug and Pharma, biotech, Telecom, Automotive, textile, IT sectors S&T Performance IFagg; IPR growth Ability to add values to RM through technology Technology strength Trade advantages Area for Planned S&T Interventions Potential: Turn over of trade; Balance of trade, etc

26 In Nation Building: Food, nutrition, energy, water, environmental, health security Making innovations affordable and accessible to many by breaking new paths to innovation SOCIAL CONTRACT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Balancing between discovery and solution science priorities are under discussion

27 Global Solutions for Water challenges: Directive of the Supreme Court Selecting and locating sites for different challenges Tender for solution providers for 10,000 people Selecting 25 water related challenges Select solution providers and task them prove technologies Transfer the successful solutions To the Water Resources Ministry for replication Study solutions for viability Scale solutions for 100,000 people in the same river basin Build synergies with line ministries with funds and reach from the very beginning Study site neutrality by testing Solutions in other sites

28 Four part Approach to Innovations New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative PPP model for global referencing Venture fund support system Technology Development Board equity participation model Grass Root Innovation National Innovation Foundation involving 2,50,000 grass root innovators National Innovation Project For global bench marking and alliances Health care products from formal innovation system Cotton Stripper from grass root innovation

29 Investing into Innovations: India s lessons Inherent creativity and Capacity to Innovate Innovation as side product of personal passions largely Supported by pubic funds Passion driven pursuit Integrated infrastructure for people Centric innovation landscape to Include the excluded through techno Social innovations that serve the Needs of 4 billion global citizens People centric pursuit Innovation infrastructure Through planned and Strategic interventions Public-Private Partnerships Purpose driven pursuit Innovation for global competition for High growth economies with large Social security system and high per capita nations Private sector driven and public sector facilitation Competition driven pursuit

30 Designing Science, Technology and Innovation ecosystem To meet the challenges of faster and more inclusive growth by balancing between Open Source and Competitive innovations

31 Indian STI system is currently engaged in A well debated National Science, Technology and Innovation policy Sustained attraction of talent to study of science and careers with research Right sizing of Science, Technology and Innovation system Policies to promote larger engagement of private sector in research, development and assimilation of technologies and innovations Optimally designed national Innovation eco system with risk capital for the industry to venture into leap frog innovations Alignment of R&D systems to address global competitiveness and solution science to solve socially relevant problems including adverse effects of global climate change

32 India is a happening country today. Young talented Indians, millions in numbers, aspire to scale new heights. India 2030 could reap the benefits of Decade of Innovations

33 What India set about to do in Science and Technology sector Towards an era of transformational change

34 Eleventh plan S&T ( ) agenda Setting up National -level Mechanism for providing directions to basic Research New Bill passed Enlarging pool of scientific manpower Several initiatives mounted Attraction and retaining young people in careers in science New programme launched National Flagship programmes for technological competitiveness on a Mission mode Mission mode S&T mounted Establishing globally competitive Research Facilities Investments enlarged

35 Eleventh plan S&T ( ) agenda Innovative spirit to translate R&D leads in scaleble technologies Innovation law, national Innovation fund proposed Developing new models of PPP in higher education, particularly in universities and high technology areas An active area of current action New means of catalyzing industry-academy collaborations Some new translational models under implementation Promoting strong linkages with advanced countries including participation in mega science International S&T cooperation scaled up many fold

36 Coupling between EMR funding and publication outputs of India Fund deployment trends in EMR Pub in K SERC funds in crores