Event-Driven Programming CSCI 201 Principles of Software Development
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1 Event-Driven Programming CSCI 201 Principles of Software Development Jeffrey Miller, Ph.D.
2 Outline Event-Driven Programming Overview Event-Driven Programming Example Adapter Classes Program USC CSCI 201L
3 Event-Driven Programming Overview The code we have written so far executed deterministically from top to bottom, calling methods and utilizing other classes We utilized user input to determine code that was executed in some cases, but we had prompted the user and waited for a response In GUI programming, the code that gets called is based on events, such as a user clicking or typing something We don t know the order in which users will perform the actions, so we need to associate a method to be called with an action that the user performs 3/22
4 Listeners Java uses a delegation-based model for event handling A source object fires an event An object interested in the event, called a listener, handles it A listener must be an instance of a listener interface and must be registered with a source component 4/22
5 Fired Events Source Object User Action Event Type Fired JButton Click the button ActionEvent JTextField Press enter key ActionEvent JComboBox Select an item ItemEvent, ActionEvent JList Select one or more items ListSelectionEvent JCheckBox Click a check box ItemEvent, ActionEvent JRadioButton Click a radio button ItemEvent, ActionEvent JMenuItem Select a menu item ActionEvent JScrollBar Move the scroll bar AdjustmentEvent JSlider Move the slider bar ChangeEvent Window Open, closing, closed, iconify, deiconify, activate, deactive the window WindowEvent Container Component added or removed from the container ContainerEvent Component Mouse pressed, released, clicked, entered, or exited Mouse moved or dragged Key pressed or released Component moved, resized, hidden, or shown Component gained or lost focus MouseEvent MouseEvent KeyEvent ComponentEvent FocusEvent Note: If a component can fire an event, any subclass of the component can fire the same type of event o Every Component can fire a MouseEvent, KeyEvent, FocusEvent, and ComponentEvent since Component is the superclass of GUI components 5/22
6 Listeners for Fired Events Event Class Listener Interface Listener Methods ActionEvent ActionListener actionperformed(actionevent) ItemEvent ItemListener itemstatechanged(itemevent) MouseEvent MouseListener mousepressed(mouseevent) mousereleased(mouseevent) mouseentered(mouseevent) mouseexited(mouseevent) mouseclicked(mouseevent) KeyEvent WindowEvent ContainerEvent ComponentEvent FocusEvent MouseMotionListener KeyListener WindowListener ContainerListener ComponentListener FocusListener mousedragged(mouseevent) mousemoved(mouseevent) keypressed(keyevent) keyreleased(keyevent) keytyped(keyevent) windowclosing(windowevent) windowopened(windowevent) windowiconified(windowevent) windowdeiconified(windowevent) windowclosed(windowevent) windowactivated(windowevent) windowdeactivated(windowevent) componentadded(containerevent) componentremoved(containerevent) componentmoved(componentevent) componenthidden(componentevent) componentresized(componentevent) componentshown(componentevent) focusgained(focusevent) focuslost(focusevent) AdjustmentEvent AdjustmentListener adjustmentvaluechanged(adjustmentevent) ChangeEvent ChangeListener statechanged(changeevent) ListSelectionEvent ListSelectionListener valuechanged(listselectionevent) 6/22
7 Outline Event-Driven Programming Overview Event-Driven Programming Example Adapter Classes Program
8 GUI with Events The following slides are based on this GUI. 8/22
9 Event-Driven Programming Example 1 import java.awt.event.actionevent; 2 import java.awt.event.actionlistener; 3 4 import javax.swing.boxlayout; 5 import javax.swing.jbutton; 6 import javax.swing.jframe; 7 import javax.swing.jlabel; 8 import javax.swing.jpanel; 9 import javax.swing.jtextfield; public class Test extends JFrame { 12 private JTextField num1tf, num2tf, totaltf; 13 private JLabel number1label, number2label; 14 private JButton concatenatebutton; 15 public Test() { 16 super("event-driven Programming Example"); 17 number1label = new JLabel("Number 1"); 18 num1tf = new JTextField("", 15); 19 number2label = new JLabel("Number 2"); 20 num2tf = new JTextField("", 15); 21 totaltf = new JTextField("", 20); 22 concatenatebutton = new JButton("Concatenate"); 23 concatenatebutton.addactionlistener( 24 new ConcatenateAdapter(num1TF, num2tf, totaltf)); JPanel row1panel = new JPanel(); 27 row1panel.add(number1label); 28 row1panel.add(num1tf); JPanel row2panel = new JPanel(); 31 row2panel.add(number2label); 32 row2panel.add(num2tf); JPanel row3panel = new JPanel(); 35 row3panel.add(concatenatebutton); JPanel row4panel = new JPanel(); 38 row4panel.add(totaltf); 39 JPanel verticalpanel = new JPanel(); 40 verticalpanel.setlayout(new BoxLayout(verticalPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); 41 verticalpanel.add(row1panel); 42 verticalpanel.add(row2panel); 43 verticalpanel.add(row3panel); 44 verticalpanel.add(row4panel); add(verticalpanel); 47 setsize(250, 175); 48 setlocationrelativeto(null); 49 setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); 50 setvisible(true); 51 } public static void main(string args[]) { 54 Test t = new Test(); 55 } 56 } class ConcatenateAdapter implements ActionListener { 59 private JTextField num1tf, num2tf, totaltf; 60 public ConcatenateAdapter(JTextField num1tf, JTextField num2tf, JTextField totaltf) { 61 this.num1tf = num1tf; 62 this.num2tf = num2tf; 63 this.totaltf = totaltf; 64 } public void actionperformed(actionevent ae) { 67 totaltf.settext(num1tf.gettext() + num2tf.gettext()); 68 } 69 } The ConcatenateAdapter class is outside the Test class. Event-Driven Programming Example USC CSCI 201L 9/22
10 Event-Driven Programming Example 1 import java.awt.event.actionevent; 2 import java.awt.event.actionlistener; 3 4 import javax.swing.boxlayout; 5 import javax.swing.jbutton; 6 import javax.swing.jframe; 7 import javax.swing.jlabel; 8 import javax.swing.jpanel; 9 import javax.swing.jtextfield; public class Test extends JFrame { 12 private JTextField num1tf, num2tf, totaltf; 13 private JLabel number1label, number2label; 14 private JButton concatenatebutton; 15 public Test() { 16 super("event-driven Programming Example"); 17 number1label = new JLabel("Number 1"); 18 num1tf = new JTextField("", 15); 19 number2label = new JLabel("Number 2"); 20 num2tf = new JTextField("", 15); 21 totaltf = new JTextField("", 20); 22 concatenatebutton = new JButton("Concatenate"); 23 concatenatebutton.addactionlistener( 24 new ConcatenateAdapter(num1TF, num2tf, totaltf)); JPanel row1panel = new JPanel(); 27 row1panel.add(number1label); 28 row1panel.add(num1tf); JPanel row2panel = new JPanel(); 31 row2panel.add(number2label); 32 row2panel.add(num2tf); JPanel row3panel = new JPanel(); 35 row3panel.add(concatenatebutton); JPanel row4panel = new JPanel(); 38 row4panel.add(totaltf); 39 JPanel verticalpanel = new JPanel(); 40 verticalpanel.setlayout(new BoxLayout(verticalPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); 41 verticalpanel.add(row1panel); 42 verticalpanel.add(row2panel); 43 verticalpanel.add(row3panel); 44 verticalpanel.add(row4panel); add(verticalpanel); 47 setsize(250, 175); 48 setlocationrelativeto(null); 49 setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); 50 setvisible(true); 51 } public static void main(string args[]) { 54 Test t = new Test(); 55 } class ConcatenateAdapter implements ActionListener { 58 private JTextField num1tf, num2tf, totaltf; 59 public ConcatenateAdapter(JTextField num1tf, JTextField num2tf, JTextField totaltf) { 60 this.num1tf = num1tf; 61 this.num2tf = num2tf; 62 this.totaltf = totaltf; 63 } public void actionperformed(actionevent ae) { 66 totaltf.settext(num1tf.gettext() + num2tf.gettext()); 67 } 68 } 69 } The ConcatenateAdapter class is inside the Test class. Event-Driven Programming Example USC CSCI 201L 10/22
11 Event-Driven Programming Example 1 import java.awt.event.actionevent; 2 import java.awt.event.actionlistener; 3 4 import javax.swing.boxlayout; 5 import javax.swing.jbutton; 6 import javax.swing.jframe; 7 import javax.swing.jlabel; 8 import javax.swing.jpanel; 9 import javax.swing.jtextfield; public class Test extends JFrame { 12 private JTextField num1tf, num2tf, totaltf; 13 private JLabel number1label, number2label; 14 private JButton concatenatebutton; 15 public Test() { 16 super("event-driven Programming Example"); 17 number1label = new JLabel("Number 1"); 18 num1tf = new JTextField("", 15); 19 number2label = new JLabel("Number 2"); 20 num2tf = new JTextField("", 15); 21 totaltf = new JTextField("", 20); 22 concatenatebutton = new JButton("Concatenate"); 23 concatenatebutton.addactionlistener( 24 new ConcatenateAdapter()); JPanel row1panel = new JPanel(); 27 row1panel.add(number1label); 28 row1panel.add(num1tf); JPanel row2panel = new JPanel(); 31 row2panel.add(number2label); 32 row2panel.add(num2tf); JPanel row3panel = new JPanel(); 35 row3panel.add(concatenatebutton); JPanel row4panel = new JPanel(); 38 row4panel.add(totaltf); 39 JPanel verticalpanel = new JPanel(); 40 verticalpanel.setlayout(new BoxLayout(verticalPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); 41 verticalpanel.add(row1panel); 42 verticalpanel.add(row2panel); 43 verticalpanel.add(row3panel); 44 verticalpanel.add(row4panel); add(verticalpanel); 47 setsize(250, 175); 48 setlocationrelativeto(null); 49 setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); 50 setvisible(true); 51 } public static void main(string args[]) { 54 Test t = new Test(); 55 } class ConcatenateAdapter implements ActionListener { 58 public void actionperformed(actionevent ae) { 59 Test.this.totalTF.setText(Test.this.num1TF.getText() + Test.this.num2TF.getText()); 60 } 61 } 62 } The ConcatenateAdapter class can use member variables of the Test class. Event-Driven Programming Example USC CSCI 201L 11/22
12 Event-Driven Programming Example 1 import java.awt.event.actionevent; 2 import java.awt.event.actionlistener; 3 4 import javax.swing.boxlayout; 5 import javax.swing.jbutton; 6 import javax.swing.jframe; 7 import javax.swing.jlabel; 8 import javax.swing.jpanel; 9 import javax.swing.jtextfield; public class Test extends JFrame { 12 private JTextField num1tf, num2tf, totaltf; 13 private JLabel number1label, number2label; 14 private JButton concatenatebutton; 15 public Test() { 16 super("event-driven Programming Example"); 17 number1label = new JLabel("Number 1"); 18 num1tf = new JTextField("", 15); 19 number2label = new JLabel("Number 2"); 20 num2tf = new JTextField("", 15); 21 totaltf = new JTextField("", 20); 22 concatenatebutton = new JButton("Concatenate"); 23 concatenatebutton.addactionlistener( 24 new ConcatenateAdapter()); JPanel row1panel = new JPanel(); 27 row1panel.add(number1label); 28 row1panel.add(num1tf); JPanel row2panel = new JPanel(); 31 row2panel.add(number2label); 32 row2panel.add(num2tf); JPanel row3panel = new JPanel(); 35 row3panel.add(concatenatebutton); JPanel row4panel = new JPanel(); 38 row4panel.add(totaltf); 39 JPanel verticalpanel = new JPanel(); 40 verticalpanel.setlayout(new BoxLayout(verticalPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); 41 verticalpanel.add(row1panel); 42 verticalpanel.add(row2panel); 43 verticalpanel.add(row3panel); 44 verticalpanel.add(row4panel); add(verticalpanel); 47 setsize(250, 175); 48 setlocationrelativeto(null); 49 setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); 50 setvisible(true); 51 } public static void main(string args[]) { 54 Test t = new Test(); 55 } class ConcatenateAdapter implements ActionListener { 58 public void actionperformed(actionevent ae) { 59 totaltf.settext(num1tf.gettext() + num2tf.gettext()); 60 } 61 } 62 } Since ConcatenateAdapter does not have variables with the same name as the member variables in the Test class, we can omit the outer class qualification. Event-Driven Programming Example USC CSCI 201L 12/22
13 Event-Driven Programming Example 1 import java.awt.event.actionevent; 2 import java.awt.event.actionlistener; 3 4 import javax.swing.boxlayout; 5 import javax.swing.jbutton; 6 import javax.swing.jframe; 7 import javax.swing.jlabel; 8 import javax.swing.jpanel; 9 import javax.swing.jtextfield; public class Test extends JFrame { 12 private JTextField num1tf, num2tf, totaltf; 13 private JLabel number1label, number2label; 14 private JButton concatenatebutton; 15 public Test() { 16 super("event-driven Programming Example"); 17 number1label = new JLabel("Number 1"); 18 num1tf = new JTextField("", 15); 19 number2label = new JLabel("Number 2"); 20 num2tf = new JTextField("", 15); 21 totaltf = new JTextField("", 20); 22 concatenatebutton = new JButton("Concatenate"); 23 class ConcatenateAdapter implements ActionListener { 24 public void actionperformed(actionevent ae) { 25 totaltf.settext(num1tf.gettext() + num2tf.gettext()); 26 } 27 } 28 concatenatebutton.addactionlistener( 29 new ConcatenateAdapter()); JPanel row1panel = new JPanel(); 32 row1panel.add(number1label); 33 row1panel.add(num1tf); JPanel row2panel = new JPanel(); 36 row2panel.add(number2label); 37 row2panel.add(num2tf); JPanel row3panel = new JPanel(); 40 row3panel.add(concatenatebutton); JPanel row4panel = new JPanel(); 43 row4panel.add(totaltf); 44 JPanel verticalpanel = new JPanel(); 45 verticalpanel.setlayout(new BoxLayout(verticalPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); 46 verticalpanel.add(row1panel); 47 verticalpanel.add(row2panel); 48 verticalpanel.add(row3panel); 49 verticalpanel.add(row4panel); add(verticalpanel); 52 setsize(250, 175); 52 setlocationrelativeto(null); 53 setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); 54 setvisible(true); 55 } public static void main(string args[]) { 58 Test t = new Test(); 59 } 60 } The ConcatenateAdapter class is inside the constructor of the Test class. Event-Driven Programming Example USC CSCI 201L 13/22
14 Event-Driven Programming Example 1 import java.awt.event.actionevent; 2 import java.awt.event.actionlistener; 3 4 import javax.swing.boxlayout; 5 import javax.swing.jbutton; 6 import javax.swing.jframe; 7 import javax.swing.jlabel; 8 import javax.swing.jpanel; 9 import javax.swing.jtextfield; public class Test extends JFrame { 12 private JTextField num1tf, num2tf, totaltf; 13 private JLabel number1label, number2label; 14 private JButton concatenatebutton; 15 public Test() { 16 super("event-driven Programming Example"); 17 number1label = new JLabel("Number 1"); 18 num1tf = new JTextField("", 15); 19 number2label = new JLabel("Number 2"); 20 num2tf = new JTextField("", 15); 21 totaltf = new JTextField("", 20); 22 concatenatebutton = new JButton("Concatenate"); 23 concatenatebutton.addactionlistener(new ActionListener() { 24 public void actionperformed(actionevent ae) { 25 totaltf.settext(num1tf.gettext() + num2tf.gettext()); 26 } 27 }); JPanel row1panel = new JPanel(); 30 row1panel.add(number1label); 31 row1panel.add(num1tf); JPanel row2panel = new JPanel(); 34 row2panel.add(number2label); 35 row2panel.add(num2tf); JPanel row3panel = new JPanel(); 38 row3panel.add(concatenatebutton); JPanel row4panel = new JPanel(); 43 row4panel.add(totaltf); 44 JPanel verticalpanel = new JPanel(); 45 verticalpanel.setlayout(new BoxLayout(verticalPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); 46 verticalpanel.add(row1panel); 47 verticalpanel.add(row2panel); 48 verticalpanel.add(row3panel); 49 verticalpanel.add(row4panel); add(verticalpanel); 52 setsize(250, 175); 52 setlocationrelativeto(null); 53 setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); 54 setvisible(true); 55 } public static void main(string args[]) { 58 Test t = new Test(); 59 } 60 } The ConcatenateAdapter class has become an anonymous inner class. Event-Driven Programming Example USC CSCI 201L 14/22
15 Outline Event-Driven Programming Overview Event-Driven Programming Example Adapter Classes Program USC CSCI 201L
16 Listeners Listeners are interfaces, which means all the methods in them are abstract Even if you only need one of the methods, you will still need to implement all of them, though methods you don t need would have empty bodies 1 public class Test extends JFrame { 2 public Test() { 3 super("event-driven Programming Example"); 4 5 addwindowlistener(new WindowListener() { 6 public void windowdeiconified(windowevent we) { 7 } 8 public void windowiconified(windowevent we) { 9 } 10 public void windowactivated(windowevent we) { 11 } 12 public void windowdeactivated(windowevent we) { 13 } 14 public void windowclosing(windowevent we) { 15 } 16 public void windowopened(windowevent we) { 17 System.out.println("opened"); 18 } 19 public void windowclosed(windowevent we) { 20 System.out.println("closed"); 21 System.exit(1); 22 } 23 }); 24 setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.dispose_on_close); 25 setsize(250, 175); 26 setlocationrelativeto(null); 27 setvisible(true); 28 } public static void main(string args[]) { 31 Test t = new Test(); 32 } 33 } Since WindowListener has seven methods, we Needed to override all of them even though we Did not need to customize these five methods. Adapter Classes USC CSCI 201L 16/22
17 Adapters Java provides support classes, called adapters, which provide default implementations for all the methods in corresponding listener interfaces The default implementation of a method is an empty body with the method signature Adapters only exist for interfaces that have more than one method. Why? Adapter Classes USC CSCI 201L 17/22
18 Adapters Java provides support classes, called adapters, which provide default implementations for all the methods in corresponding listener interfaces The default implementation of a method is an empty body with the method signature Adapters only exist for interfaces that have more than one method. Why? If an interface has only one method, you would need to implement it or there would be no reason to use the interface Adapter Classes USC CSCI 201L 18/22
19 Adapter Classes Event Class Listener Interface Adapter Class Listener Methods ActionEvent ActionListener actionperformed(actionevent) ItemEvent ItemListener itemstatechanged(itemevent) MouseEvent MouseListener MouseAdapter mousepressed(mouseevent) mousereleased(mouseevent) mouseentered(mouseevent) mouseexited(mouseevent) mouseclicked(mouseevent) MouseMotionListener MouseMotionAdapter KeyEvent KeyListener KeyAdapter WindowEvent WindowListener WindowAdapter ContainerEvent ContainerListener ContainerAdapter ComponentEvent ComponentListener ComponentAdapter FocusEvent FocusListener FocusAdapter mousedragged(mouseevent) mousemoved(mouseevent) keypressed(keyevent) keyreleased(keyevent) keytyped(keyevent) windowclosing(windowevent) windowopened(windowevent) windowiconified(windowevent) windowdeiconified(windowevent) windowclosed(windowevent) windowactivated(windowevent) windowdeactivated(windowevent) componentadded(containerevent) componentremoved(containerevent) componentmoved(componentevent) componenthidden(componentevent) componentresized(componentevent) componentshown(componentevent) focusgained(focusevent) focuslost(focusevent) AdjustmentEvent AdjustmentListener adjustmentvaluechanged(adjustmentevent) ChangeEvent ChangeListener statechanged(changeevent) ListSelectionEvent ListSelectionListener valuechanged(listselectionevent) 19/22
20 Adapter Example With an adapter, we only need to override the methods that we want to use instead of all the methods in the listener 1 public class Test extends JFrame { 2 public Test() { 3 super("event-driven Programming Example"); 4 5 addwindowlistener(new WindowAdapter() { 6 public void windowopened(windowevent we) { 7 System.out.println("opened"); 8 } 9 public void windowclosed(windowevent we) { 10 System.out.println("closed"); 11 System.exit(1); 12 } 13 }); 14 setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); 15 setsize(250, 175); 16 setlocationrelativeto(null); 17 setvisible(true); 18 } public static void main(string args[]) { 21 Test t = new Test(); 22 } 23 } With WindowAdapter we only need to override the methods we want to customize since it has empty body implementations for all the methods in WindowListener. 20/22
21 Outline Event-Driven Programming Overview Event-Driven Programming Example Adapter Classes Program USC CSCI 201L
22 Program Write a program that has three text fields for reading the loan amount, annual interest rate, and number of years from the user. When the user clicks the Calculate button or hits the Enter key, calculate the amount of the loan after the number of years, assuming no money is paid to the principal. Display this value. KeyEvent has a method called getkeychar() KeyListener has a method called keytyped(keyevent) 22/22
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