RAD 216 ADVANCED IMAGING MODALITIES THOMAS A. EDISON EARLY FLUOROSCOPY IMAGE INTENSIFICATION AND TV IMAGING SYSTEMS
|
|
- Cornelius Warren
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 RAD 216 ADVANCED IMAGING MODALITIES IMAGE INTENSIFICATION AND TV IMAGING SYSTEMS THOMAS A. EDISON is credited with the development of fluoroscopy. His work enabled physicians to see DYNAMIC or moving images of internal structures of the body. EARLY FLUOROSCOPY 1
2 FLUOROSCOPY CIRCA 1920 s FLUOROSCOPY CIRCA EARLY FLUOROSCOPY relied on the radiologist s ability to DARK-ADAPT the eyes in order to take advantage of SCOTOPIC (ROD)VISION. This was achieved by wearing red goggles for at least 15 minutes. 2
3 EARLY FLUOROSCOPY took place in a darkened room. The patient stood behind a leaded glass plate coated with a fluorescent material. The radiologist could see the internal anatomy by staring very closely at the glass plate. IMAGE-INTENSIFIED FLUOROSCOPY came into common use in the 1960s as a by-product technology used during the Vietnam conflict (nightvision equipment). As used in radiology, it is the ability to convert a few photons of x-ray into many photons of light. THE IMAGE INTENSIFIER TUBE is the heart of the image intensifier system. It consists of a large vacuum tube approximately 50 cm (20 in.) in length. Many are 25 cm (10 in.) in diameter at the largest end and 2.5 cm (1 in.) at the other end. 3
4 IMAGE INTENSIFIER TUBE 25 cm 2.5 cm 50 cm IMAGE INTENSIFIER COMPONENTS INPUT PHOSPHOR PHOTOCATHODE FOCUSING LENSES ANODE OUTPUT PHOSPHOR INPUT PHOSPHOR consists of CESIUM IODIDE crystals. They convert the x-rays emerging from the patient into light photons. 4
5 PHOTOCATHODE is bonded directly to the input phosphor. It is PHOTOEMISSIVE. In other words, it releases electrons when stimulated by light. It is made of CESIUM and ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS. ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING LENSES direct the electrons toward the anode end of the image intensifying tube. This is accomplished by applying an electric charge to the plates. 5
6 THE ANODE attracts the electrons from the cathode end of the image intensifier tube. However, the electrons actually pass through a hole in the anode to collide with the... OUTPUT PHOSPHOR which is made of ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE. The output phosphor converts the electrons into visible light. The conversion from x-rays to light is many times brighter than simply using a large intensifying screen. IMAGE INTENSIFIER TUBE 6
7 MULTIFIELD IMAGE INTENSIFIER TUBES are tubes designed to provide magnification capability. This is done by decreasing the field of view (FOV). The voltage applied to the electrostatic focusing lenses is increased to refocus the electrons being directed to the output phosphor. MULTIFIELD IMAGE INTENSIFIER (normal mode) MULTIFOCUS IMAGE INTENSIFIER (mag. mode) 7
8 MAGNIFICATION FACTOR The amount of magnification an image intensifier tube is capable of can be calculated as the normal diameter (nd)/magnification diameter (md) VIGNETTING is the loss of detail and brightness seen on the periphery of the fluoroscopic image due to the curve of the input phosphor. Because only the central portion of the input phosphor is used in magnification mode, the image is sharper and less distorted. 8
9 VIGNETTING VIGNETTING PINCUSHION AND S-DISTORTION Two type of fluoroscopic image distortion that results from the shape of the input phosphor (pincushion) or severe magnetic irregularities affecting the way that electron travel toward the output phosphor (sdistortion). 9
10 PINCUSHION ARTIFACT S-DISTORTION MAGNIFICATION vs IMAGE BRIGHTNESS When an image intensifier tube is switched to magnification mode, less of the input phosphor is utilized (smaller FOV). The result is fewer electrons striking the output phosphor, resulting in a darker image (all other factors unchanged). 10
11 MAGNIFICATION vs IMAGE BRIGHTNESS To correct for this loss of brightness, the x-ray generator increases the ma, permitting more electrons to be generated. The tradeoff, however, is increased patient and occupational dose until the system is returned to the normal viewing mode. MEASURES OF IMAGE INTENSIFICATION EFFICIENCY There are two measures which determine an image intensifier s ability to convert x-rays into light. These are MINIFICATION GAIN and FLUX GAIN. MINIFICATION GAIN is defined as the ratio of the square diameter of the input phosphor to the square diameter of the output phosphor: (d i /d o ) 2 11
12 EXAMPLE The diameter of the input phosphor is 9 inches. The diameter of the output phosphor is 1 inch. Therefore, the minification gain is 9 2 /1 2 = 81 FLUX GAIN The ratio of the number of light photons created at the output phosphor to the number of x-ray photons striking the input phosphor. This can vary by as much as 3000:1 BRIGHTNESS GAIN is the product of minification gain and flux gain. Therefore, if an image intensifier tube has a minification gain of 81 and a flux gain of 3000, the brightness gain is 243,
13 VIEWING THE FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGE Early image-intensified fluoroscopy relied on a MIRROR SYSTEM to view the image. Unfortunately, this method permitted only the fluoroscopist to see the image because of the mirror s small size. Present day image-intensified systems use CLOSED-CIRCUIT TV. A FEW WORDS ABOUT IMAGE INTENSIFICATION Because of its high efficiency, the fluoroscopic current on image-intensified systems is between 1.5 and 5 ma. This permits a lower patient dose per unit time. However, prolonged use of fluoroscopy during procedures actually increases patient dose when compared to routine overhead imaging. A FEW WORDS ABOUT IMAGE INTENSIFICATION QUANTUM MOTTLE is almost always unavoidable when using high kvp techniques during image-intensified fluoroscopy. It is the result of fewer X- ray photons being generated as a consequence of the very low fluoroscopic ma being used. 13
14 QUANTUM MOTTLE The resulting fluoroscopic image appears grainy. To offset the grainy appearance, fluoro ma could be manually increased, but at a cost of higher patient and occupational dose. QUANTUM MOTTLE If the problem cannot be corrected by increasing fluro ma, then the problem is system noise which may be due to faulty settings on the vidicon tube (to be discussed in another lecture). There will always be system noise, but should not be so severe as to prevent visibility. A FEW WORDS ABOUT IMAGE INTENSIFICATION Image densities are reversed on fluoroscopic images compared to radiographic images. For example, barium appears dark and air appears brighter during fluoroscopic examinations of the colon. 14
15 RADIOGRAPHIC vs. FLUOROSCOPIC FLUOROSCOPY VS. RADIOGRAPHY 15
Modern Fluoroscopy Imaging Systems
Modern Fluoroscopy Imaging Systems Eric Gingold, PhD Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA SUMMARY Fluoroscopy, or real-time projection X-ray imaging, has been in clinical use since shortly after
More informationX-ray Production. Target Interactions. Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD119) X-ray Production & Emission
Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD119) X-ray Production & Emission X-ray Production X-rays are produced inside the x-ray tube when high energy projectile electrons from the filament interact with the
More informationRADIATION SAFETY STANDARD
Radiation Safety Act 1999 RADIATION SAFETY STANDARD NM004:2010 Standard for radiation apparatus used to carry out industrial radiography Preface Under section 17 of the Radiation Safety Act 1999, a possession
More informationX-ray Imaging Systems
Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD 119) X-ray Tube & Equipment X-ray Imaging Systems Medical X-ray Equipment Classified by purpose or energy/current levels kvp, ma Radiographic Non-dynamic procedures
More informationRequired RS Training Info
C-arm Radiation Safety at Tufts Required RS Training Info What are annual rad. dose limits? Who is our regulator? What should you do in an emergency? Are there health effects of radiation? C-arm beam awareness
More informationX-ray Imaging Systems
Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD 119) X-ray Tube & Equipment X-ray Imaging Systems Medical X-ray Equipment Classified by purpose or energy/current levels kvp, ma Radiographic Non-dynamic procedures
More informationGraphical displays are generally of two types: vector displays and raster displays. Vector displays
Display technology Graphical displays are generally of two types: vector displays and raster displays. Vector displays Vector displays generally display lines, specified by their endpoints. Vector display
More informationPRACTICAL TIPS IN ENSURING RADIATION SAFETY IN THE USE OF MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT
PRACTICAL TIPS IN ENSURING RADIATION SAFETY IN THE USE OF MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT Although the medical uses of X-rays to examine a patient without surgery became an amazing medical breakthrough,
More informationDigital Fluoroscopic Imaging: Acquisition, Processing & Display
Digital Fluoroscopic Imaging: Acquisition, Processing & Display J. Anthony Seibert, Ph.D. University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento, California Outline of presentation Introduction to digital
More informationLIGHT SECTION 6-REFRACTION-BENDING LIGHT From Hands on Science by Linda Poore, 2003.
LIGHT SECTION 6-REFRACTION-BENDING LIGHT From Hands on Science by Linda Poore, 2003. STANDARDS: Students know an object is seen when light traveling from an object enters our eye. Students will differentiate
More informationCathode Ray Tube. Introduction. Functional principle
Introduction The Cathode Ray Tube or Braun s Tube was invented by the German physicist Karl Ferdinand Braun in 897 and is today used in computer monitors, TV sets and oscilloscope tubes. The path of the
More informationCONTENT SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FLUOROSCOPY EXAMINATION
CONTENT SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE FLUOROSCOPY EXAMINATION Publication Date: November 2010 Implementation Date: March 2011 The purpose of the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists Fluoroscopy Examination
More informationProduction of X-rays. Radiation Safety Training for Analytical X-Ray Devices Module 9
Module 9 This module presents information on what X-rays are and how they are produced. Introduction Module 9, Page 2 X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation. Other types of electromagnetic radiation
More informationComparing Digital and Analogue X-ray Inspection for BGA, Flip Chip and CSP Analysis
Comparing Digital and Analogue X-ray Inspection for BGA, Flip Chip and CSP Analysis David Bernard & Steve Ainsworth Dage Precision Industries Abstract Non-destructive testing during the manufacture of
More informationX-ray (Radiography), Upper GI Tract
Scan for mobile link. X-ray (Radiography), Upper GI Tract What is Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Radiography? Upper gastrointestinal tract radiography, also called an upper GI, is an x-ray examination
More informationINTENSIFYING SCREENS, CASSETTES AND SCREEN FILMS N. Serman & S. Singer
INTENSIFYING SCREENS, CASSETTES AND SCREEN FILMS N. Serman & S. Singer X-rays were discovered by W.C. Roentgen because of their ability to cause fluorescence. X-ray photons cannot be seen. The image produced
More informationRadiographic Image Production. Radiographic Image Production. Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD 119) Film, Screens, and Cassettes
Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD 119) Film, Screens, and Cassettes Radiographic Image Production X-ray photons emitted from the x-ray tube interact with the body, exit the patient (exit beam) and interact
More informationLab 4: Magnetic Force on Electrons
Lab 4: Magnetic Force on Electrons Introduction: Forces on particles are not limited to gravity and electricity. Magnetic forces also exist. This magnetic force is known as the Lorentz force and it is
More informationCompliance Guidance for FLUOROSCOPIC QUALITY CONTROL
Compliance Guidance for FLUOROSCOPIC QUALITY CONTROL New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Radiological Health PO Box 415 Trenton NJ 08625 FAX 609-984-5811 Website: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/rpp
More informationExploring the Properties of the TV Monitor and Remote Control
Name: LUMINESCENCE It s Cool Light! Class: Visual Quantum Mechanics ACTIVITY 11 Exploring the Properties of the TV Monitor and Remote Control Goal We now explore the properties of a small device that allows
More informationE/M Experiment: Electrons in a Magnetic Field.
E/M Experiment: Electrons in a Magnetic Field. PRE-LAB You will be doing this experiment before we cover the relevant material in class. But there are only two fundamental concepts that you need to understand.
More informationX-RAY IMAGING Emerging Digital Technology - CMOS Detectors
Application Note Case Study Technology Primer White Paper X-RAY IMAGING Emerging Digital Technology - CMOS Detectors Image Sensors X-Ray DETECTORS Scanners Image Processing Custom Solutions In all domains
More informationX-ray (Radiography), Lower GI Tract
Scan for mobile link. X-ray (Radiography), Lower GI Tract What is Lower GI Tract X-ray Radiography (Barium Enema)? Lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract radiography, also called a lower GI or barium enema,
More informationDigital Mammography Update: Design and Characteristics of Current Systems
: Design and Characteristics of Current Systems Kalpana M. Kanal, Ph.D., DABR Assistant Professor Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle, Washington AAPM Annual Meeting 2009 Anaheim,
More informationPhysics testing of image detectors
Physics testing of image detectors Parameters to test Spatial resolution Contrast resolution Uniformity/geometric distortion Features and Weaknesses of Phantoms for CR/DR System Testing Dose response/signal
More informationPage: 1 of 6 Page: 1 of 6
Page: 1 of 6 Page: 1 of 6 CR Basics and FAQ Overview Computed Radiography is a term used to describe a system that electronically records a radiographic image. Computed Radiographic systems use unique
More informationHow To Understand Light And Color
PRACTICE EXAM IV P202 SPRING 2004 1. In two separate double slit experiments, an interference pattern is observed on a screen. In the first experiment, violet light (λ = 754 nm) is used and a second-order
More informationHIGH PERFORMANCE MOBILE SURGICAL C-ARM KMC-950
HIGH PERFORMANCE MOBILE SURGICAL C-ARM 1K x 1k CCD Digital Camera System H.F. GENERATOR & ROTATING ANODE TUBE WITH DIGITAL WORKSTATION DESCRIPTION: Mobile Surgical C-arm systems are integrated with a triple
More informationScience In Action 8 Unit C - Light and Optical Systems. 1.1 The Challenge of light
1.1 The Challenge of light 1. Pythagoras' thoughts about light were proven wrong because it was impossible to see A. the light beams B. dark objects C. in the dark D. shiny objects 2. Sir Isaac Newton
More informationSECTION 1: REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATES OF COMPLIANCE FOR CLASSES OF RADIATION SOURCES
Department of Health and Human Services Population Health Radiation Protection Act 2005 Section 17 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE: STANDARD FOR RADIATION APPARATUS - X-RAY DIAGNOSTIC (VETERINARY) SECTION 1:
More informationSUBCHAPTER 22 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY INSTALLATIONS
Note: This is a courtesy copy and is not the official version of this rule. The official, legally effective version of this rule is available through www.lexisnexic.com/bookstore (Phone: (800) 223-1940).
More informationDigital radiography conquers the veterinary world
Digital radiography conquers the veterinary world Author: Dirk De Langhe Increasingly, veterinarians are using medical imaging to diagnose their patients. There is a corresponding tendency towards replacing
More informationOmniBSI TM Technology Backgrounder. Embargoed News: June 22, 2009. OmniVision Technologies, Inc.
OmniBSI TM Technology Backgrounder Embargoed News: June 22, 2009 OmniVision Technologies, Inc. At the heart of any digital camera lies the image sensor. The image sensor is an integrated circuit, like
More information6/2016 E&M forces-1/8 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FORCES. PURPOSE: To study the deflection of a beam of electrons by electric and magnetic fields.
6/016 E&M forces-1/8 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FORCES PURPOSE: To study the deflection of a beam of electrons by electric and magnetic fields. APPARATUS: Electron beam tube, stand with coils, power supply,
More informationPerformance testing for Precision 500D Classical R/F System
Performance testing for Precision 500D Classical R/F System John M. Boudry, Ph.D. Image Quality Systems Engineer GE Healthcare Technologies Outline System background Image Quality Signature Test (IQST)
More informationREGULATION: QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY INSTALLATIONS N.J.A.C. 7:28-22
REGULATION: QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY INSTALLATIONS N.J.A.C. 7:28-22 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Radiological Health PO Box 415 Trenton NJ
More informationName: Date: Team: Lab Experiment # 3. Focused Grid Positioning Errors. Computed Radiography and Direct Digital Radiography
Name: Date: Team: Lab Experiment # 3 Focused Grid Positioning Errors Computed Radiography and Direct Digital Radiography Purpose This experiment is designed to demonstrate the effect of off-level error,
More informationMADP-000504-10720T. Non Magnetic MELF PIN Diode
MADP-54-172T Features High Power Handling Low Loss / Low Distortion Leadless Low Inductance MELF Package Non-Magnetic Surface Mountable RoHS Compliant MSL 1 Package Style 172 Dot Denotes Cathode Description
More informationElectricity. Investigating spontaneous gas discharge in air as a function of pressure. LD Physics Leaflets P3.9.2.1. 0210-Sel
Electricity Electrical conduction in gases Gas discharge at reduced pressure LD Physics Leaflets P3.9.2.1 Investigating spontaneous gas discharge in air as a function of pressure Objects of the experiments
More informationIn this project, you will be observing at least three objects with a telescope or binoculars, and drawing what you see.
Telescopic Observations Materials: Paper, pencil, camera, Telescope or Binoculars In this project, you will be observing at least three objects with a telescope or binoculars, and drawing what you see.
More informationAn Overview of Digital Imaging Systems for Radiography and Fluoroscopy
An Overview of Digital Imaging Systems for Radiography and Fluoroscopy Michael Yester, Ph.D. University of Alabama at Birmingham Outline Introduction Imaging Considerations Receptor Properties General
More informationX-RAY TUBE SELECTION CRITERIA FOR BGA / CSP X-RAY INSPECTION
X-RAY TUBE SELECTION CRITERIA FOR BGA / CSP X-RAY INSPECTION David Bernard Dage Precision Industries Inc. Fremont, California d.bernard@dage-group.com ABSTRACT The x-ray inspection of PCB assembly processes
More informationQ.A. Collectible. Sponsored by CRCPD s Committee on Quality Assurance in Diagnostic X-Ray (H-7)
Q.A. Collectible Sponsored by CRCPD s Committee on Quality Assurance in Diagnostic X-Ray (H-7) Mammography Phantom Image Quality Evaluation (from the American College of Radiology 1999 Mammography Quality
More informationSECTION 1: REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATES OF COMPLIANCE FOR CLASSES OF RADIATION APPARATUS
Department of Health and Human services Population Health Radiation Protection Act 2005 Section 17 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE: STANDARD FOR RADIATION APPARATUS - X-RAY MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC (MAMMOGRAPHY) SECTION
More informationRadiation safety in dental radiography
Radiation safety in dental radiography Dental Radiography Series The goal of dental radiography is to obtain diagnostic information while keeping the exposure to the patient and dental staff at minimum
More informationName Class Date Laboratory Investigation 4B Chapter 4: Cell Structure
Name Class Date Laboratory Investigation 4B Chapter 4: Cell Structure The Microscope: A Tool of the Scientist You may refer to pages 66-67, 72-73 in your textbook for a general discussion of microscopes.
More informationThe Basics of Scanning Electron Microscopy
The Basics of Scanning Electron Microscopy The small scanning electron microscope is easy to use because almost every variable is pre-set: the acceleration voltage is always 15kV, it has only a single
More informationRESOURCE MANUAL FOR COMPLIANCE TEST PARAMETERS DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY SYSTEMS. Reprinted. July 15, 1999. Diagnostic Devices Branch
RESOURCE MANUAL FOR COMPLIANCE TEST PARAMETERS OF DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY SYSTEMS Reprinted July 15, 1999 Diagnostic Devices Branch Division of Enforcement I Office of Compliance 2098 Gaither Road Rockville,
More informationRadiation safety in dental radiography
Radiation safety in dental radiography Kodak s dental radiograph series The goal of dental radiography is to obtain diagnostic information while keeping the exposure to the patient and dental staff at
More informationCHAPTER 5 QC Test For Radiographic Equipment. Prepared by:- Kamarul Amin bin Abdullah @ Abu Bakar School of Medical Imaging KLMUC
CHAPTER 5 QC Test For Radiographic Equipment Prepared by:- Kamarul Amin bin Abdullah @ Abu Bakar School of Medical Imaging KLMUC Lesson Outcomes Describe the objectives of each QC test done.(importance)
More informationScan Time Reduction and X-ray Scatter Rejection in Dual Modality Breast Tomosynthesis. Tushita Patel 4/2/13
Scan Time Reduction and X-ray Scatter Rejection in Dual Modality Breast Tomosynthesis Tushita Patel 4/2/13 Breast Cancer Statistics Second most common cancer after skin cancer Second leading cause of cancer
More informationA More Efficient Way to De-shelve 137 Ba +
A More Efficient Way to De-shelve 137 Ba + Abstract: Andrea Katz Trinity University UW REU 2010 In order to increase the efficiency and reliability of de-shelving barium ions, an infrared laser beam was
More informationProduction of X-rays and Interactions of X-rays with Matter
Production of X-rays and Interactions of X-rays with Matter Goaz and Pharoah. Pages 11-20. Neill Serman Electrons traveling from the filament ( cathode) to the target (anode) convert a small percentage
More informationPHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATIONS
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATIONS 1. Photons 2. Photoelectric Effect 3. Experimental Set-up to study Photoelectric Effect 4. Effect of Intensity, Frequency, Potential on P.E.
More informationDental Radiography Core Subject. Digital Radiography
Dental Radiography Core Subject Digital Radiography Aims: To develop an understanding of the history of digital radiography, the different types of digital x-rays and the advantages and disadvantages of
More informationQUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS FOR DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY FACILITIES. (a) Applicability. (b) Definitions
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS FOR DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY FACILITIES (a) Applicability Quality assurance programs as described in paragraph (c) of this section are recommended for all diagnostic radiology facilities.
More information(Refer Slide Time: 00:01:43 min)
Illumination Engineering and Electric Utility Services Prof. N.K. Kishore Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture No. # 9 Discharge Lamps II Welcome to the
More informationLaserlyte-Flex Alignment System
Laserlyte-Flex Alignment System LaserLyte-Flex The LaserLyte-Flex Alignment System is a unique, interchangeable, low cost plug and play laser system. Designed specifically for aligning and positioning
More informationRadiographic Grid. Principles of Imaging Science II (RAD 120) Image-Forming X-Rays. Radiographic Grids
Principles of Imaging Science II (RAD 120) Radiographic Grids 1 Image-Forming X-Rays Four X-ray paths a. X-rays interact with patient and scatter away from the receptor b. X-rays interact and are absorbed
More informationFluoroscopy and Radiation Safety Content for Radiologists Marta Hernanz Schulman MD, FAAP, FACR Keith Strauss, M.Sc Ishtiaq H. Bercha, M.
Fluoroscopy and Radiation Safety Content for Radiologists Marta Hernanz Schulman MD, FAAP, FACR Keith Strauss, M.Sc Ishtiaq H. Bercha, M.Sc Primary Objective: Review Pediatric fluoroscopic procedures,
More informationReducing eyestrain from video and computer monitors
Reducing eyestrain from video and computer monitors Charles A. Poynton www.poynton.com poynton@poynton.com tel +1 416 413 1377 fax +1 416 413 1378 Many of us work for hours each day in front of displays.
More informationUnderstanding Digital Modalities: System Integration and Use
Understanding Digital Modalities: System Integration and Use Donald J. Peck, PhD Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI donaldp@rad.hfh.edu Dicom Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Part 3: Information
More informationX-ray Radiation Safety Course. James Kane & Rob Deters Office of Radiological Control 545-7581
X-ray Radiation Safety Course James Kane & Rob Deters Office of Radiological Control 545-7581 About the Course X-ray Radiation Safety X-ray radiation safety training is mandatory for radiation workers
More informationMeasurement of Charge-to-Mass (e/m) Ratio for the Electron
Measurement of Charge-to-Mass (e/m) Ratio for the Electron Experiment objectives: measure the ratio of the electron charge-to-mass ratio e/m by studying the electron trajectories in a uniform magnetic
More informationEnergy. Mechanical Energy
Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD119) Electromagnetic Radiation Energy Definition of energy Ability to do work Physicist s definition of work Work = force x distance Force acting upon object over distance
More informationEnergy efficient lighting for your home find out more.
Energy efficient lighting for your home find out more. There are many different types of lighting available on the market but with a little research you can ensure that the lighting in your home meets
More informationDisplays. Cathode Ray Tube. Semiconductor Elements. Basic applications. Oscilloscope TV Old monitors. 2009, Associate Professor PhD. T.
Displays Semiconductor Elements 1 Cathode Ray Tube Basic applications Oscilloscope TV Old monitors 2 1 Idea of Electrostatic Deflection 3 Inside an Electrostatic Deflection Cathode Ray Tube Gun creates
More informationHistory of the Atom & Atomic Theory
Chapter 5 History of the Atom & Atomic Theory You re invited to a Thinking Inside the Box Conference Each group should nominate a: o Leader o Writer o Presenter You have 5 minutes to come up with observations
More informationPHYS 222 Spring 2012 Final Exam. Closed books, notes, etc. No electronic device except a calculator.
PHYS 222 Spring 2012 Final Exam Closed books, notes, etc. No electronic device except a calculator. NAME: (all questions with equal weight) 1. If the distance between two point charges is tripled, the
More informationStorage Tubes and Their Basic Principles, pp. 93-96
Storage Tubes and Their Basic Principles, pp. 93-96 Description (Fig. 26). This device employs a large number of short parallel beams of electrons emitted from elongated flat cathodes which lie side by
More informationMICROSCOPY. To demonstrate skill in the proper utilization of a light microscope.
MICROSCOPY I. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate skill in the proper utilization of a light microscope. To demonstrate skill in the use of ocular and stage micrometers for measurements of cell size. To recognize
More information1. Oscilloscope is basically a graph-displaying device-it draws a graph of an electrical signal.
CHAPTER 3: OSCILLOSCOPE AND SIGNAL GENERATOR 3.1 Introduction to oscilloscope 1. Oscilloscope is basically a graph-displaying device-it draws a graph of an electrical signal. 2. The graph show signal change
More informationIntegrated Management & Educational Consultancy
Integrated Management & Educational Consultancy Services MANDEC Radiology Update Seminar for The Dental Team Dr. Richard DeCann & Mr. Tim Reynolds IMECS Radiography Consultants Tel:07855 183117 email:admin@imecs.freeserve.co.uk
More informationSOP #: Revision #: Current Version Implementation Date: Page #: Page 1 of 10 Last Reviewed/Update Date: Expiration
Implementation Page #: Page 1 of 10 Last Reviewed/Update 1. Purpose and Scope The purpose of this document is to describe the Medical Physics and Radiation Safety program at Boston University (BU) and
More informationNHS Imaging and Radiodiagnostic activity in England. 2012/13 Release. August 2013
NHS Imaging and Radiodiagnostic activity in England 2012/13 Release August 2013 Commentary This National Statistics release covers Imaging and Radiodiagnostic examinations or tests carried out in the NHS
More informationCOMP175: Computer Graphics. Lecture 1 Introduction and Display Technologies
COMP175: Computer Graphics Lecture 1 Introduction and Display Technologies Course mechanics Number: COMP 175-01, Fall 2009 Meetings: TR 1:30-2:45pm Instructor: Sara Su (sarasu@cs.tufts.edu) TA: Matt Menke
More informationChapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. How does your eye form an image? Refraction. Example: Refraction at Sunset.
Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals for learning:! How does your eye form an image?! How do we record images? How does your eye form an image?
More informationStandard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography 1
Designation: E 1815 96 (Reapproved 2001) Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1815; the number immediately
More informationPhysics 30 Worksheet # 14: Michelson Experiment
Physics 30 Worksheet # 14: Michelson Experiment 1. The speed of light found by a Michelson experiment was found to be 2.90 x 10 8 m/s. If the two hills were 20.0 km apart, what was the frequency of the
More informationCollege on Medical Physics. Digital Imaging Science and Technology to Enhance Healthcare in the Developing Countries
2166-Handout College on Medical Physics. Digital Imaging Science and Technology to Enhance Healthcare in the Developing Countries 13 September - 1 October, 2010 Digital Radiography Image Parameters SNR,
More informationGENERAL SHIELDING REQUIREMENTS FOR DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY FACILITIES. Major Medical (Radio/Fluoro/CT/Cardiac/Chiropractic)
GENERAL SHIELDING REQUIREMENTS FOR DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY FACILITIES 1. PROTECTIVE SCREENS (a) Major Medical (Radio/Fluoro/CT/Cardiac/Chiropractic) Typically, 15 kg m -2 (1.3 mm) sheet lead or its shielding
More informationTraining needs for professionals in conventional radiology (radiology technicians, physicists, radiologists) joining digital radiology
Training needs for professionals in conventional radiology (radiology technicians, physicists, radiologists) joining digital radiology Guidelines on education and training for digital radiology Author:
More informationLab 8: DC generators: shunt, series, and compounded.
Lab 8: DC generators: shunt, series, and compounded. Objective: to study the properties of DC generators under no-load and full-load conditions; to learn how to connect these generators; to obtain their
More informationX-ray (Radiography) - Abdomen
Scan for mobile link. X-ray (Radiography) - Abdomen Abdominal x-ray uses a very small dose of ionizing radiation to produce pictures of the inside of the abdominal cavity. It is used to evaluate the stomach,
More informationThe Possibilities Tomosynthesis Brings to Lung Cancer Screening
Special Report The Possibilities Brings to Lung Cancer Screening Low-dose is a Useful Tool in Lung Cancer Screening A Technical Evaluation of Low-dose with the SONIALVISION safire Joint Industrial-Academic
More informationVideo Fluoroscopic Swallowing Exam (VFSE)
Scan for mobile link. Video Fluoroscopic Swallowing Exam (VFSE) A video fluoroscopic swallowing exam (VFSE) uses a form of real-time x-ray called fluoroscopy to evaluate a patient s ability to swallow
More informationFirst floor, Main Hospital North Services provided 24/7 365 days per year
First floor, Main Hospital North Services provided 24/7 365 days per year General Radiology (X-ray) Fluoroscopy Ultrasound (Sonography) Nuclear Medicine P.E.T. imaging Computed Tomography (CT scan) Magnetic
More information1. Three-Color Light. Introduction to Three-Color Light. Chapter 1. Adding Color Pigments. Difference Between Pigments and Light. Adding Color Light
1. Three-Color Light Chapter 1 Introduction to Three-Color Light Many of us were taught at a young age that the primary colors are red, yellow, and blue. Our early experiences with color mixing were blending
More informationSolar Energy Discovery Lab
Solar Energy Discovery Lab Objective Set up circuits with solar cells in series and parallel and analyze the resulting characteristics. Introduction A photovoltaic solar cell converts radiant (solar) energy
More informationINTRODUCTION. A. Purpose
New York State Department of Health Bureau of Environmental Radiation Protection Guide for Radiation Safety/Quality Assurance Programs Computed Radiography INTRODUCTION A. Purpose This guide describes
More informationChapter 17: Light and Image Formation
Chapter 17: Light and Image Formation 1. When light enters a medium with a higher index of refraction it is A. absorbed. B. bent away from the normal. C. bent towards from the normal. D. continues in the
More informationRunning head: COMPARISON OF AMORPHOUS SELENIUM AND AMORPHOUS 1
Running head: COMPARISON OF AMORPHOUS SELENIUM AND AMORPHOUS 1 Comparison of Amorphous Selenium and Amorphous Silicon Flat-Panel Detectors November 20, 2012 COMPARISON OF FLAT-PANEL DETECTORS 2 Abstract
More informationEPEX. The Hologic EPEX General. Direct-to-Digital System for General Radiography. Versatility for a complete range of general radiographic exams
EPEX Direct-to-Digital System for General Radiography Featuring... Versatility for a complete range of general radiographic exams The Hologic EPEX General Radiography System is a direct-to-digital, fully
More informationFrom ideas to implementation
Physics HSC Course Stage 6 From ideas to implementation Part 2: The amazing cathode ray tube Contents Introduction... 2 Cathode ray tubes (CRT)... 3 Types of cathode ray tube...3 What makes up a CRT?...4
More informationVacuum Evaporation Recap
Sputtering Vacuum Evaporation Recap Use high temperatures at high vacuum to evaporate (eject) atoms or molecules off a material surface. Use ballistic flow to transport them to a substrate and deposit.
More informationInfrared Viewers. Manual
Infrared Viewers Manual Contents Introduction 3 How it works 3 IR viewer in comparison with a CCD camera 4 Visualization of infrared laser beam in mid-air 4 Power Density 5 Spectral sensitivity 6 Operation
More informationHysterosalpingography
Scan for mobile link. Hysterosalpingography Hysterosalpingography uses a real-time form of x-ray called fluoroscopy to examine the uterus and fallopian tubes of a woman who is having difficulty becoming
More informationQuality control tests of diagnostic radiology equipment in Hungary, and its radiation protection aspects
Quality control tests of diagnostic radiology equipment in Hungary, and its radiation protection aspects Tamás Porubszky *, Csaba Váradi, László Ballay, Olivér Turák, Géza Gáspárdy, István Turai Frédéric
More informationSALES SPECIFICATION. SC7640 Auto/Manual High Resolution Sputter Coater
SALES SPECIFICATION SC7640 Auto/Manual High Resolution Sputter Coater Document Number SS-SC7640 Issue 1 (01/02) Disclaimer The components and packages described in this document are mutually compatible
More informationFroedtert Hospital School of Radiology Curriculum Analysis Grid. Clinical Practice
Professional Curriculum Clinical Practice Procedural Performance Clinical Competency Basic Principles of Digital Radiography Image Acquisition Image Acquisition Errors Fundamental Principles of Exposure
More information