Ernest J. Lunsford Elon University

Transcription

1 SUB Hamburg B/ INTRODUCTORY SPANISH FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Ernest J. Lunsford Elon University A component of the jsalud!: Introductory Spanish for Health Professionals program, created by the interdisciplinary jsalud! team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Sender, PhD, IViPH, PhD ChrBstDnia Marian,DVO^ Robert G. Heoshaw, S. Claire Lorch, BVi* Ernest-J. Lunsford, Phi Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo

2 BRIEF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Greeting the Patient 1 Chapter 2 Making Appointments 33 Chapter 3 Discussing How Patients Feel 67 Chapter 4 The Daily Routine 100 Chapter5 "Where Does it Hurt?" 130 Chapter 6 Talking About Doubts and Fears 161 Chapter 7 Discussing When Patients Go to the Hospital 196 Chapter 8 Discussing Patients'Emotions 228 Chapter 9 Taking a Patient's History 255 Chapter 10 Discussing Past and Present Symptoms with Patients 282 Chapter 11 "Have You Ever...?" 310 Chapter 12 Discussing Hypothetical Situations with Patients 340

3 Scope&Sequence Preface x Chapter 1 Greeting the Patient INTRODUCCI6N: GETTING STARTED ESTRUCTURA GREETINGS, INTRODUCTIONS, AND FAREWELLS 2 Greetings, Introductions, and Farewells ESTRUCTURA: NOUNS, NUMBER, GENDER, AND ARTICLES 8 Nouns, Number, and Gender 8 Definite and Indefinite Articles ESTRUCTURA: NUMBERS AND THE SPANISH ALPHABET 13 Elalfabeto ESTRUCTURA: SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND THE VERB "SER" (TO BE) 16 Subject Pronouns 16 The Verb "Ser" (To Be) 17 Occupations and Professions 18 Origin and Nationality ESTRUCTURA: ique TIEMPO HACE? TALKING ABOUT THE WEATHER ESTRUCTURA: THREE IMPORTANT VERBS 23 How to Say, "There is..." or "There are..." 23 The Singular Hay 24 The Plural Hay 24 How to Say, "I like..." in Spanish 25 icomo se siente hoy? How Do You Feel Today? NOTA LINGUfSTICA: COGNATES AND FALSE COGNATES 29 Chapter 2 Making Appointments INTRODUCCI6N LAFAMILIA ESTRUCTURA: EXPRESSING POSSESSION IN SPANISH 36 Possessive Adjectives 36 Another Way to Show Possession: Noun + Noun ESTRUCTURA: TELLING TIME IN SPANISH 40,<,Que hora es? What time is it? 40 "i/k que hora...?" At what time...?: Another Question Related to Telling Time NUMBERS ABOVE 100; DAYS, MONTHS, YEARS, AND DATES 43 Numbers Higher than Days of the Week, Months, and Years 44 icual es la fecha? How to Say Dates in Spanish 46 How to Ask When Someone's Birthday Is 46 ^Cual es su fecha de nacimiento? (What is Your Date of Birth?) ESTRUCTURA: REGULAR PRESENT-TENSE VERBS 51 What Is the Infinitive? 51 What Is Meant by Conjugate and Conjugation? 51 How to Conjugate -ar Verbs 51 How to Conjugate -er Verbs 54 How to Conjugate -ir Verbs ESTRUCTURA: REGISTER 56 What Does Register Mean? 56 A Final Word About Register ESTRUCTURA: QUESTIONS, NEGATIVES, AND THE VERB "ESTAR" 57 Asking Questions in Spanish 57 Who? What? Where? When? Why? How?: Interrogative Words in Spanish 59 How to Form Negatives 61 "Estar": The Other Verb To Be 63 What Is an Irregular Verb? 64 "Estar" to Designate Location 65 Chapter 3 Discussing How Patients Feel INTRODUCCI6N ESTRUCTURA: IRREGULAR VERBS ESTRUCTURA: STEM-CHANGING VERBS 69 What Is a Stem-Changing Verb? 69 Category 1: Verbs that Change e > ie 69 Category 2: Verbs that Change e» ue 71 Category 3: Verbs that Change e > i ESTRUCTURA: THE VERB "IR" {TO GO); HOW TO TALK ABOUT THE FUTURE 75 The Verb "Ir" (To Go) 75 How to Talk About the Future Using "Ir a" + the Infinitive 76 Other Verbs that Require a Preposition Before a Second Verb ESTRUCTURA: "SABER" VS. "CONOCER", TWO WAYS TO SAY TO KNOW 78 "Saber" vs. "Conocer": Usage Guidelines 80 More About "Saber" and "Conocer" 80

4 The Personal "a" 81 What Is a Direct Object? ESTRUCTURA: ADJECTIVES AND ADJECTIVAL AGREEMENT 82 How Adjectives Agree 82 Adjectives that Precede Their Nouns 86 Adjectives that Can Go in Front of or After the Noun 87 Diminutives + the -isimo Ending ESTRUCTURA: THE CONTRAST BETWEEN "SER" AND "ESTAR" 90 Another Use of "Ser" 90 Using "Ser" and "Estar" with Adjectives ESTRUCTURA: IDIOMS USING "TENER" TALKING ON THE TELEPHONE IN SPANISH 97 Chapter 4 The Daily Routine INTRODUCCI6N ESTRUCTURA: REFLEXIVE VERBS ESTRUCTURA: DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES "THIS", "THAT", "THESE", "THOSE" 109 "This" and "These" 110 "That" and "Those" 110 "Esto" and "eso": "This" and "That" ESTRUCTURA: DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS ESTRUCTURA: THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE 116 El gerundio 117 How to Form Gerunds in Spanish 117 How to Form the Present Progressive: "Estar" + Gerund 118 Pronoun Placement with the Present Progressive ESTRUCTURA: TIME CONSTRUCTIONS USING "HACE... QUE" 120 Tiempo 120,-Tiempo, hora, vez? LA COMIDA Y LA DIETA (FOOD AND DIET) NOTA LINGUISTICA: "HAY QUE" AND OTHER SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS 124 Hayque 125 More Idiomatic Expressions LOS REFRANES (PROVERBS) 127 Chapters "Where Does it Hurt?" INTRODUCCI6N VOCABULARIO: LAS PARTES DEL CUERPO (PARTS OF THE BODY) ESTRUCTURA: INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS ESTRUCTURA: VERBS THAT REQUIRE AN INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN ESTRUCTURA: DOUBLE OBJECT PRONOUNS ESTRUCTURA: FORMAL COMMANDS 146 How to Form Commands 147 Irregular Commands 148 Pronoun Placement with Commands 149 A Substitute for Formal Commands ESTRUCTURA: ADVERBS 151 Other Adverbs ESTRUCTURA: COMPARISONS 153 Comparatives and Superlatives 153 How Do You Form Comparatives and Superlatives? 154 Are There Any Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives? 154 Comparisons of Equality REFRAN 159 Chapter 6 Talking About Doubts and Fears INTRODUCCI6N ESTRUCTURA: THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE, PARTI 161 Introduction 162 Overview of the Subjunctive 162 How to Conjugate the Present Subjunctive 165 Regular Verbs 165 Irregular Verbs 166 Verbs with an Irregular -o Form in the Present Indicative 167 Stem-Changing Verbs 169 Stem-Changing-ar and-er Verbs 170 Stem-Changing-ir Verbs 170 Spelling Changes in the Present Subjunctive 171 Vocabulario: Common -car, -gar, -zar Verbs ESTRUCTURA: THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE, PART II 173 Affirmation Versus Non-Affirmation 173 Verbs and Phrases that Denote Affirmation or Non-Affirmation 173 Impersonal Expressions 175 Indefinite and Negative Antecedents 178 The Subjunctive with "Ojala" (/ hope) 179

5 6.4 ESTRUCTURA: FAMILIAR "TU" COMMANDS 181 How to Form Affirmative "tu" Commands 181 How to Form Negative "tu" Commands VOCABULARIO: LA CASA ESTRUCTURA: POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 188 Using Possessive Pronouns Without the Definite Article 189 Using Possessive Pronouns as Adjectives NOTAS LINGUISTICAS 191 The Pronoun 'vos' 191 More Colloquial Expressions REFRAN 194 Chapter 7 Discussing When Patients Go to the Hospital INTRODUCCI6N ESTRUCTURA: THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE, PART III 196 The Subjunctive Referring to Future Events 196 Verbs that May Trigger the Subjunctive when Future Actions or Situations Are Indicated 198 More Impersonal Expressions 201 The Subjunctive Following Certain Conjunctions 204 Conjunctions that Require the Subjunctive 204 Conjunctions that Take Either the Indicative or the Subjunctive VOCABULARIO: EL HOSPITAL ESTRUCTURA: PREPOSICIONES 212 Some Common Prepositions 213 Prepositional Pronouns 216 The Special Case of Por and Para 218 Giving Directions ESTRUCTURA: RELATIVE PRONOUNS RELIGIOUS REFERENCES IN SPANISH REFRAN 226 Chapter 8 Discussing Patients' Emotions INTRODUCCI6N ESTRUCTURA: THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE, PART IV 229 Using the Subjunctive to Mark Known Information 229,231 Verbs that Often Introduce Known Information 232 Impersonal Expressions Often Followed by Known Information 236 The Subjunctive in the Main Clause After "quizas" and Other Words that Mean 'Maybe' or 'Perhaps' 237 The Subjunctive vs. the Indicative with 'quiza' (Maybe or Perhaps) REPASO: THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE, PART V 238 Review of the Present Subjunctive 238 Using the Subjunctive in the Main Clause ESTRUCTURA: TALKING ABOUT THE PAST, PART I 242 The Preterit Tense of Regular Verbs VOCABULARIO: TIENDAS Y NEGOCIOS (STORES AND BUSINESSES) 248 Quedar versus Quedarse NOTA LINGUfSTICA: EL DOCTOR JORGE LANZONI REFRAN 253 Chapter 9 Taking a Patient's History INTRODUCCI6N ESTRUCTURA: TALKING ABOUT THE PAST, PART II 255 Verbs with Spelling Changes in the Preterit 256 Stem-Changing Verbs in the Preterit 259 Irregular Verbs in the Preterit 262 Changes of Meaning in the Preterit 264 Two More Irregular Verbs 265 One Special Verb: 'haber' 266 Repaso: Review of the Preterit ESTRUCTURA: 'ACABAR DE' + INFINITIVE 268 How to Describe What Someone Has Just Done or What Has Just Happened ESTRUCTURA: HOW TO SAY 'AGO' IN SPANISH 269 Time Constructions Using hace + the Preterit ESTRUCTURA: THE IMPERSONAL 'SE' ESTRUCTURA: ANOTHER USE OF THE IMPERSONAL 'SE' PLUS AN INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN ESTRUCTURA: MORE ABOUT THE NEGATIVE 277 Tampoco 278 Ninguno 278 Todavia no REPASO: THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE, PART VI 280 A Quick Review of the Present Subjunctive REFRAN 281

6 Chapter 10 Discussing Past and Present Symptoms with Patients INTRODUCCI6N ESTRUCTURA: TALKING ABOUT THE PAST, PART III 283 The Imperfect: The Other Past Tense 283 How to Conjugate the Imperfect Tense 283 Changes of Meaning in Certain Verbs ESTRUCTURA: TALKING ABOUT THE PAST, PART IV 286 The Contrast Between the Preterit and the Imperfect 286 Adverbial Expressions Often Used with the Preterit or the Imperfect 288 How the Preterit and Imperfect Relate to Each Other REPASO: THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE, PART VII 293 Affirmation Versus Non-Affirmation 294 The Subjunctive Referring to Future Events or Situations 295 The Subjunctive Marks Known Information 295 The Subjunctive in the Main Clause ESTRUCTURA: THE SUBJUNCTIVE, PART VIII 297 The Imperfect Subjunctive 297 How to Conjugate the Imperfect Subjunctive 297 When to Use the Imperfect Subjunctive ESTRUCTURA: MORE ABOUT THE DIMINUTIVE VOCABULARIO: LOS SINTOMAS Y EL DOLOR REFRAN 308 Chapter 11 "Have You Ever...?" INTRODUCCION ESTRUCTURA: THE PARTICIPLE 310 How to Form Participles ESTRUCTURA: THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 313 How to Conjugate the Present Perfect Tense 313 When to Use the Present Perfect Tense 315 How to Say, "Have you ever...?" ESTRUCTURA: USING "SER" AND "ESTAR" WITH PARTICIPLES 319 "Ser" + Participle: The Passive Voice 319 "Estar" + Participle: Expressing the Results of an Action ESTRUCTURA: MORE ABOUT THE PRONOUN "SE" ESTRUCTURA: THE PAST PERFECT TENSE 325 How to Conjugate the Past Perfect Tense VOCABULARIO: LAS ENFERMEDADES, LAS CONDICIONES Y LOS SfNTOMAS (DISEASES, CONDITIONS, AND SYMPTOMS) 328 jojo! [Mas falsos amigos! NOTA LINGUtSTICA REFRAN 337 Chapter 12 Discussing Hypothetical Situations with Patients INTRODUCCI6N ESTRUCTURA: THE SUBJUNCTIVE, PART IX 340 The Present Perfect Subjunctive 340 How to Conjugate the Present Perfect Subjunctive ESTRUCTURA: THE FUTURE TENSE 344 Review of Two Structures Referring to the Future 344 How to Conjugate the Future Tense ESTRUCTURA: THE CONDITIONAL TENSE 348 How to Conjugate the Conditional Tense ESTRUCTURA: IF CLAUSES 351 Contrary-to-Fact if Clauses VOCABULARIO: RAMAS ESPECIALIZADAS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS (SPECIALIZED BRANCHES AND PROCEDURES) ESTRUCTURA: MORE ABOUT IF CLAUSES 357 The Conditional Perfect Tense 357 The Past Perfect Subjunctive 357 Combining These Two New Tenses to Form Contrary-to-Fact if Clauses Referring to the Past 358 Another Sequence-of-Tenses Model for Contraryto-Fact /f Clauses 359 Using the Past Perfect Subjunctive in the Main Clause NOTAS LINGUISTICAS REFRAN 367 Glossary 376 Index 400