Automotive Electronics: a Perspective on In-Motorcycle and In-Car Electronic Systems

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1 Automotive Electronics: a Perspective on In-Motorcycle and In-Car Electronic Systems F. Baronti, F. Lenzi, R. Roncella, R. Saletti, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell informazione Università di Pisa, Italy

2 Outline The spreading of Automotive Electronics Background Application domains Current, upcoming and future In-Motorcycle and In-Car Electronics Analogies and differences Hints for in-vehicle electronic system design: our research experience Conclusions 2

3 The Spreading of Electronics New requirements need to be addressed: Safety Performance and Comfort Pollution Semiconductor technology improvements Affordability Reliability Replacing mechanics with electronics 3

4 Application domains Same application domains for both cars and motorcycles Body and comfort Powertrain Active and passive safety Security Infotainment X-by-wire 4

5 In-Motorcycle Electronics Body & Comfort Powertrain State-of-the-art Digital commands Automatic heated-grips Remote seat-opening system Semi-automatic preload adjustment Semi-automatic damping coefficient adjustment Engine Control Unit (reconfigurable maps) Active & Passive safety Security ABS Tires pressure control Traction Control Immobilizer Brake pad wear indicator Airbag Alarm system Infotainment Intercom GPS FM-radio X-by-wire Sequential / Automatic gear 5

6 In-Motorcycle Electronics: Today ABS (BMW) Airbag (Honda) Sequential gear (Aprilia) GPS (Kawasaki) 6

7 In-Motorcycle Electronics Upcoming & Future Body & Comfort Fully-automatic preload adjustment Vocal commands Semi-active suspensions Powertrain Electric/Thermal & Electric/Hydrogen Hybrid drive train Active & Passive safety Wearable airbag Collision Avoidance Adaptive Headlights Driving Assistance Security Infotainment Physiological parameters-based alarm system On-board PC-like devices X-by-wire Handle-bar Brakes Accelerator 7

8 In-Motorcycle Electronics: Future Blue Team DARPA Personal Air and Land Vehicle Bombardier EMBRIO

9 In-Car Electronics Body & Comfort Powertrain Active & Passive safety Security Infotainment X-by-wire State-of-the-art idrive (all-in-one control) Heated-seats Electronically adjustable drive position Engine Control Unit ABS Electronic Stability Program Traction Control Parking assistance Night vision GPS alarm Intercom PC-like device interface Sequential / Automatic gear Semi-active suspensions Electro-chromic rear-view mirrors Hybrid Drive Train Brake pad monitor Airbags Tires pressure control Cruise-control (radar) Adaptive headlights Smart Key DVD-player GPS 9

10 In-Car Electronics: Today Night Vision (Mercedes) Proximity collision avoidance (Volvo) Infotainment (Maserati) Rear camera (Audi) 10

11 In-Car Electronics Body & Comfort Powertrain Replaceable cabins Plug-in Hybrids Upcoming & Future Reconfigurable cockpit Active & Passive safety Driving assistance Collision avoidance Security Infotainment X-by-wire Biometric based alarm PC-like on-board devices Autonomous vehicle 11

12 In-Car Electronics: Future Mercedes Silverflow Transition Stanford Racing Team s Autonomous Car 12

13 Middle-end Cars Vs High-end Motorcycles Cars Motorcycles Anti Blocking System Airbag Brake-Pad Wear Indicator Electronic Stability Program Adjustable Suspensions Adaptive Headlights Tyre Pressure Indicator Traction Control Global Positioning System Intercom 13

14 Low-end Cars Vs Low-end Motorcycles Cars Motorcycles Anti Blocking System Airbag Brake-Pad Wear Indicator Electronic Stability Program Adjustable Suspensions Adaptive Headlights Tyre Pressure Indicator Traction Control Global Positioning System Intercom 14

15 Spreading of electronics Difficult in middle and low-end motorcycles Not for low-end cars Because of Production volume 1 order of magnitude (in Europe): 14M cars vs 1.4M motorcycles* Costs (percentage weight rises) *Year 2006, source: UNRAE, ACEM 15

16 Our research experience Encouraging the spreading of electronics in middleand low-end motorcycles Valuable examples: CAN-based communication infrastructure ( 1 ) Bluetooth-based audio communication unit ( 2 ) Embedded control system for suspension preload self-tuning ( 3 ) Motorcycle indicator automatic off ( 4 ) 16

17 CAN-based Communication Infrastructure User Commands Digital Display Analog Instrumentation Back Lights NODE2 (Dashboard) NODE3 (Back) Front Lights CAN BUS External Temperature Key Switch NODE1 (Front) NODE4 (Seat) Phonic Wheel Cooling Fan Horn Electrical Centerstand Circuit Engine Sensors 17

18 Bluetooth-based Communication Unit User Interface Bluetooth Helmets ACU Wireless Intercom Access to infotainment sources Audio Communication Unit 18

19 Embedded Control System for Suspension Preload Self-tuning 19

20 Motorcycle Indicator Automatic Off x Heh x Heh Magnetic North HALL SENSOR a b Heh y y He Magnetic North 3 Azimuth A Direction z

21 Design hints Adopt solutions from the automotive sector having in mind the unique feature of motorcycles Motorcycles are open-loop unstable systems! Reduced budget available for electronics Apply a structured design methodology to: Increase reusability Shorten development times 21

22 Challenges to face Zero ppm defect level after tests As a motorcycle rider I would hardly accept a motorcycle breakdown caused by an electronic subsystem failure Make technological improvements also available to low-end motorcycles in particular to motor-scooters which are going to play a very important role in private transport 22

23 Conclusions State-of-the-art, upcoming, and future in-vehicle electronic systems Description of interesting case-studies coming from our research activity in this field Discussion of some design hints to manage the spread of electronics in two-wheel world effectively 23

24 References ( 1 ) F. Baronti, et al. Low-cost CAN-based communication system for high-end motor-scooter, SAE paper , (2002) ( 2 ) R. Roncella, et al. Wireless Audio Communication Network For In-Vehicle Access Of Infotainment Services In Motorcycles, Proc. of the 17 th Annual IEEE Int l Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (2006) ( 3 ) R. Saletti, et al. Embedded Electronic Control System for Continuous Self-Tuning of Motorcycle Suspension Preload, Proc. of the 15 th Mediterranean Conf. on Control and Automation (2007) ( 4 ) F. Lenzi, et al. Using a Very Low-Cost Hall Sensor for Motorcycle Indicator Automatic Turn-off: an Experimental Study, to be presented at the next IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symp. (2008) 24

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