The Quantum Physics of Global Warming
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1 The Quantum Physics of Global Warming Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics June 18, 2014 Brad Marston Brown University
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4 Lyell Glacier in Source: Wikipedia
5 Lyell Glacier in 2013
6
7 When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe. -- John Muir
8 When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe. -- John Muir
9 Particles Come in Lumps
10 Particles Come in Lumps
11 Particles Come in Lumps Source: The Feynman Lectures on Physics
12 Waves Are Continuous
13 Waves Are Continuous
14 Waves Are Continuous Interference
15 Water Waves Source: AAPT and Ztek Physics: Cinema Classics
16 Water Waves Source: AAPT and Ztek Physics: Cinema Classics
17 Photons Demonstrated Source: Brown University Department of Physics
18 Photons Demonstrated Source: Brown University Department of Physics
19 Photons Demonstrated
20 Photons Demonstrated Is it a particle? Wave? Both? Neither?
21 Photons Demonstrated Is it a particle? Wave? Both? Neither? Like nothing you ve ever seen before.
22 Photons Demonstrated Is it a particle? Wave? Both? Neither? Like nothing you ve ever seen before. E = h f
23 Photons Demonstrated Is it a particle? Wave? Both? Neither? Like nothing you ve ever seen before. Particles come in lumps (energy) E = h f
24 Photons Demonstrated Is it a particle? Wave? Both? Neither? Like nothing you ve ever seen before. Particles come in lumps (energy) E = h f Waves have a frequency
25 Photons Demonstrated Is it a particle? Wave? Both? Neither? Like nothing you ve ever seen before. Particles come in lumps (energy) E = h f Planck s constant Waves have a frequency
26
27 S
28 S albedo
29 S albedo
30 S =1,361 W/m2
31 Temperature of the Earth T 4 = Heat Radiating To Space
32 Temperature of the Earth T 4 = Heat Radiating To Space Planck s constant
33 Temperature of the Earth T 4 = Heat Radiating To Space Planck s constant 1 4 (1 a)s = σt 4
34 Temperature of the Earth T 4 = Heat Radiating To Space Planck s constant 1 4 (1 a)s = σt 4 S =1, 366 W/m 2 a 30% }
35 Temperature of the Earth T 4 = Heat Radiating To Space Planck s constant 1 4 (1 a)s = σt 4 S =1, 366 W/m 2 a 30% } T = 255K = 18 C
36 Terrestrial Planets
37 Terrestrial Planets
38 Terrestrial Planets Planet calculated temperature actual temperature greenhouse warming
39 Terrestrial Planets Planet calculated temperature actual temperature greenhouse warming Earth
40 Terrestrial Planets Planet calculated temperature actual temperature greenhouse warming Earth Mars
41 Terrestrial Planets Planet Earth Mars Venus calculated temperature actual temperature greenhouse warming
42 Water vapor + - +
43 Water vapor + - +
44 Water vapor + - +
45 Water vapor Carbon dioxide - + -
46 Water vapor Carbon dioxide Oxygen & Nitrogen
47 NASA Earth Observatory
48 NASA Earth Observatory
49 Source: Wikipedia
50 12 F 0 F+ km 5 km = 60 F Source: Wikipedia
51 12 F 0 F+ km 5 km = 60 F K = 214K = 60 C= 76 F Source: Wikipedia
52 Source: Global Warming Art 21
53 Climate Sensitivity
54 Climate Sensitivity Carbon dioxide will double (to 550 ppmv) sometime this century.
55 Climate Sensitivity Carbon dioxide will double (to 550 ppmv) sometime this century. This will raise the height of emission by 150 m, from 5 km to 5.15 km.
56 Climate Sensitivity Carbon dioxide will double (to 550 ppmv) sometime this century. This will raise the height of emission by 150 m, from 5 km to 5.15 km. 12 F km 0.15 km = 1.8 F=1 C
57 Climate Sensitivity Carbon dioxide will double (to 550 ppmv) sometime this century. This will raise the height of emission by 150 m, from 5 km to 5.15 km. 12 F km 0.15 km = 1.8 F=1 C Feedbacks will amplify this temperature increase to 2-3 degrees C.
58 IPCC 2001
59 IPCC 2001
60 NASA GISS
61
62 Prof. J. D. Whitney (Harvard and chief of the California Geological Survey): Muir is an ignoramus and a mere sheepherder.
63 Atmospheric Dynamics Source: Wikipedia
64 1984 NASA Earth Observatory
65 NASA Earth Observatory
66 Source: Science 344, 250 (2014)
67
68 GCM By Brad Marston Open the Mac App Store to buy and download apps. Description Idealized General Circulation Models (GCMs) of planetary atmospheres, solved by a variety of methods. GCM Support What's New in Version New wave lifecycle model, better organized menu. Bug fixes to CE3 (now conserves 3rd Casimir) and the calculation of the eddy diffusivity. Free Category: Education Updated: May 23, 2013 Version: Size: 1.4 MB Language: English Seller: Brad Marston 2013 M3 Research Rated 4+ Screenshots Requirements: OS X or later, 64-bit processor Customer Ratings We have not received enough ratings to display an average for the current version of this application. All Versions: 8 Ratings
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70
71
72 Quantum physics is statistical
73 Quantum physics is statistical
74 Quantum physics is statistical Climate is the statistics of weather: Climate is what we expect; weather is what we get. Can we use tools borrowed from quantum physics?
75
76
77 REVIEW Fire in the Earth System David M. J. S. Bowman, 1 * Jennifer K. Balch, 2,3,4 * Paulo Artaxo, 5 William J. Bond, 6 Jean M. Carlson, 7 Mark A. Cochrane, 8 Carla M. D Antonio, 9 Ruth S. DeFries, 10 John C. Doyle, 11 Sandy P. Harrison, 12 Fay H. Johnston, 13 Jon E. Keeley, 14,15 Meg A. Krawchuk, 16 Christian A. Kull, 17 J. Brad Marston, 18 Max A. Moritz, 16 I. Colin Prentice, 19 Christopher I. Roos, 20 Andrew C. Scott, 21 Thomas W. Swetnam, 22 Guido R. van der Werf, 23 Stephen J. Pyne 24 Fire is a worldwide phenomenon that appears in the geological record soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants. Fire influences global ecosystem patterns and processes, including vegetation distribution and structure, the carbon cycle, and climate. Although humans and fire have always coexisted, our capacity to manage fire remains imperfect and may become more difficult in the future as climate change alters fire regimes. This risk is difficult to assess, however, because fires are still poorly represented in global models. Here, we discuss some of the most important issues involved in developing a better understanding of the role of fire in the Earth system. O duction of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels (9). Fire also influences the geological cycling of other elements, such as phosphorus, by volatization and leaching (10). Fire s occurrence throughout the history of terrestrial life invites conjecture that fire must have had pronounced evolutionary effects on biotas. However, the evolution of adaptations to fire remains a difficult topic to explore because traits that increase the rate of occurrence of fire, or of recovery following burning, are not unambiguously the result of natural selection by fire regimes (11)(table S1).Nonetheless,flammable vegetation types leave distinct signatures in the fossil record, chronicling changes in their abundance and geographic range. For example, tropical grasses produce large quantities of fine, aerated fuels that become highly flammable during dry periods, and their C 4 photosynthetic pathway
78 Climate Change Impacts in the United States U.S. National Climate Assessment U.S. Global Change Research Program
79 NASA Earth Observatory
80
81 Stevens and Bony, Science 340, 1053 (2013) 40
82 Manifest Destiny by Alexis Rockman (2004)
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