Government 1. Direct Election of senators 1. City-managers 2. One term for president and 2. Initiatives, referendum, recall vice-president

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3 POPULISTS PROGRESSIVES Monetary Policy 1. Bland-Allison Act Federal Reserve Act 1913 a. Farmers want supply of th Amendment-income taxes money to increase 3. Federal Farm Loan Act Income tax 3. Federal loan program 4. Pollock v. Farmer s Loan & Trust Co. invalidated income tax Labor Issues 1. 8-hour day 1. Illinois Factory Act Restrict immigration (nativism) 2. Coal Strike government can intervene 3. Elkins Act 1903 put teeth into ICC 4. Hepburn Act 1906 ICC can set maximum railroad rates 5. Workman s Compensation Act Adamson Act 1916 Big Business 1. Government regulation of 1. Sherman Anti-Trust Act enforced Regulations railroads, utilities, commun. 2. Clayton Anti-Trust Act Granger Organizations 3. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 3. Cooperatives 4. Underwood Act Lower tariffs 5. Muckrakers Ida Turnbell 5. US v. EC Knight Co. (refused to make sugar trust)

4 Government 1. Direct Election of senators 1. City-managers 2. One term for president and 2. Initiatives, referendum, recall vice-president th Amendment direct election of 3. Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883 senators 4. Political machines city/ward 4. Homerule city manager/city council bosses th Amendment-women suffrage Consumer 1. Pushed for tariff reductions 1. Meat Inspection Act 1906 Protection 2. Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 Conservation 1. National Reclamation Act 1902 Social Issues 1. Settlement Houses 1. National Child Labor Committee Social Gospel 2. Keating-Owen Act Muller v. Oregon Bunting v. Oregon Workers Compensation 6. Shirtwaist factory fire led to laws

5 PROGRESSIVE ERA Period between the Spanish-American War and WWI 2. Three Progressive Presidents a. Theodore Roosevelt b. William Howard Taft c. Woodrow Wilson GOALS: Walk Softly and Carry a Big Stick Teddy Bear Rough Rider 1. protect social welfare 2. promote moral improvement 3. create economic reform 4. encourage efficiency William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

6 Robert La Follette - Wisconsin 1. One of the greatest leaders of the movement 2. Served as a Governor and Senator 3. Reputation as the greatest foe of corruption 4. Many national ideas came from LaFollette and Wisconsin Robert M. La Follette June 14, June 18, 1925 "Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free"

7 Progressivism 1. It is a Point of View not a political party swept the country 2. Reform movement against big business 3. Social conscience 4. Restore government to the people 5. Two main views a. Restore the democratic process b. Advocated expansion of government power to solve national problems i.e. economic, social 6. Three main areas of concern a. Social Justice b. Political Reform c. Regulation of Business 7. Happens at all levels of government a. Local State - National

8 ORIGINATION OF IDEAS OF PROGRESSIVISM 1. Reformed Darwinists a. Social scientists were beginning to challenge Darwin s theories b. Lester Frank Ward wrote Dynamic Sociology 1) nature was inconsistent with man s progress 2) nature was aimless and it must be shaped by man 2. New Economics a. John Commons and Richard Ely attacked doctrine of Lassiez-faire b. Believed in concrete data not theories c. Tested Laissiez-faire 1) Concluded: Laissez-faire was interesting, but was not working 2) Worked for business, but terrible for workers and consumers 3. Social Gospel a. Rediscovered the social goal of religion (i.e. charity) b. Employers had a moral obligation to pay a living wage c. Went against the Protestant Work Ethic

9 Election of 1900 Republican William McKinley (292) *Vice-President Teddy Roosevelt 1. causing internal problems in the Republican Party 2. chosen to pacify him *Assassination of McKinley Sept. 6, 1901 Anarchist: Leon Czolgosz Died 8 days later Democrat William Jennings Bryan (155)

10 ROLE OF THE MUCKRACKERS INVESTIGATIVE REPORTERS Ida B. Tarbell Exposed Standard Oil Company s monopoly Led to trust busting legislation Upton Sinclair The Jungle Exposed meatpacking industry Led to Meat Inspection Act & Pure Food and Drug Act Lincoln Steffens editor of McClure s Given credit for muckracking style of journalism

11 Thomas Nast ast.jpg&imgrefurl= EBsKK- RjJ1pxcC7HvsC6GGiLMaw=&h=395&w=300&sz=30&hl=en&start=1&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid =fm4oszng6poebm:&tbnh=124&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3fq%3dthomas%2bnast%2bcar toons%26hl%3den%26safe%3dactive%26sa%3dg%26gbv%3d2%26tbs%3disch:1&ei=h9jrt cjxhcgqlaejm8idag

12 President Roosevelt New Breed of President Bully Pulpit 1. Characteristics of typical president a. laid back b. reign, not rule c. less you do, less trouble to get into 2. New breed of president a. man of action very energetic b. honest and efficient c. progressivism brought to a national level d. could deal with people at all levels-popular e. dominated the headlines and politics 1) breathed new energy into the Presidency 2) Father of Modern Presidents

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14 Roosevelt s Accomplishments Brought in Progressivism SQUARE DEAL (control of corporations by trusting, consumer protection, and conservation of national resources) 1. Trustbuster a. successful enforcement of the Sherman-Anti Trust Act b. strengthened Interstate Commerce Commission 2. Backed unions a. intervened in the Coal Strike of Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 a. prevented the mislabeling of food and drugs b. Banned harmful drugs and chemicals in food and medicines shipped between states 4. Meat Inspection Act 1906 a. Federal inspection of meats shipped over state lines

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16 5. Conservation a. Father of Conservation b. Gifford Pinchot in charge of Forestry Department c. established national forests d. established national parks e. called for a national conservation policy f. when federal lands sold, money went into conservation (i.e. dams)

17 Election of 1904 Republican Teddy Roosevelt (336) Democrat Alton Parker (140) Socialist Eugene Debs (0) Roosevelt wanted to win Presidency outright McKinley assassinated Campaign Promise: If elected would retire after his term was over Second Term: Retires reluctantly

18 ELECTION OF 1908 Republican William Taft (321) Democrat William Jennings Bryan (162) Socialist Eugene Debs (0) Taft hand picked by Roosevelt to ensure his plans were carried out Results: Taft wins easily became 2 nd Progressive President in 20 th century Concerns: Taft would be a puppet of Roosevelt Roosevelt went to Africa

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21 William Howard Taft 2 nd Progressive President 1. Over 300 pounds 2. Easy going 3. Committed to Roosevelt s plans 4. Weaknesses a. politically inexperienced 1) never won an election before becoming President a) appointed: Governor, Judge, Secretary of War, to Canal Zone b. indecisive 1) background in law, but always weighs the evidence doubts himself unlike Roosevelt 2) appearance of indecisiveness c. Unlucky 1) led to split in Republican Party 2) Joe Cannon issue 3) R. A. Ballinger issue a) tariff issue

22 TARRIF ISSUE 1. First day in office, Congress requested to revise the tariff downward a. Objective: establish himself as a true Progressive president b. Bill makes it to the Senate and returned with 800 amendments (altered it) c. Republicans urged Taft to veto the altered bill 2. Taft reluctantly signed the bill a. wanted to please everyone b. concerned with his public image c. Result: hut reputation within the Republican party Joseph Cannon Issue 1. Midway attempts to take away some of the power of the Speaker of the House (Joe Cannon) 2. Cannon controlled the Rules Committee and prevented progressive measures from reaching the floor of the House 3. Vote is close and Taft asked to use his influence 4. Taft decides White House will be neutral a. concerned Cannon would win and become his enemy b. result: Progressives felt Taft had abandoned them

23 R. A. Ballinger Issue 1. Taft made Ballinger his Secretary of Interior 2. Ballinger inherited career people a. Inherited Gifford Pinchot 3. Ballinger leases land reserves to large companies 4. Pinchot felt Taft was abandoning Conservation policies 5. Pinchot publically denounces Ballinger 6. Taft intervened and told Pinchot to stop a. Pinchot refused b. Taft fired Pinchot 7. Progressives infuriated and felt abandoned on one more progressive issue

24 Pros of Taft s Presidency 1. Broke up twice the trusts in 4 years that Roosevelt had in 7 ½ years 2. Strengthened the ICC 3. Passed the 16 th Amendment a. Congress had the power to levy and collect income taxes 4. Passed the 17 th Amendment a. Senators elected by the popular vote

25 Election of 1912 Republicans decide to challenge Taft a) incumbent usually has and easy road to the party nomination b) strong push for LaFollette c) result: election is close until the Republican Convention d) Roosevelt returned and becomes political again e) Convention result: Taft elected Roosevelt starts new progressive party Bull Moose Party

26 Election of 1912 continued Democrats William Jennings Bryan a. chosen out of loyalty b. Woodrow Wilson nominated after 46 ballots Candidates for Election of 1912 Socialist Eugene Debs Republican William H. Taft Democrat Woodrow Wilson Bull Moose Teddy Roosevelt Very spirited campaign Platform: socialist ideas Platform: Progressive ideas Platform: No special help to any group Platform: Nationalism a) strip special interest groups of power b) protect vulnerable groups

27 RESULTS OF 1912 ELECTION Eugene Debs 0 7% popular vote 897,011 William Taft 8 23% popular vote 3,483,922 Teddy Roosevelt 88 27% popular vote 4,126,020 Woodrow Wilson % popular vote 6,286,820 Wilson landslide in electoral votes, but only 42% of popular vote 1) votes of opposition were split 2) first time in over 20 years a democrat won the Presidency 3) Democrats also carry a majority in both Houses

28 Woodrow Wilson s First Term 1. Only academic to reach the White House a. earned several Ph.D s b. college professor c. President of Princeton 2. Elected Governor of New Jersey a. Did a good job in cleaning up corruption 3. Task: win next election a. Develop a program to keep his votes and win other votes b. Impossible to get Taft s vote, good change to get Roosevelt s and Deb s votes c. Action: Had to produce 4. Accomplishments a. Underwood-Simmons Tariff (1913) 1) first significant downward revision since ) rates decreased to 27% from 40.8%

29 First Term Continued 5. Federal Reserve Act 1913 Glass Owen Act a. created the Federal Reserve System b. allowed flexibility in the amount of currency in circulation 6. Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914 a. closed loop-holes in the Sherman Anti-Trust Act b. detailed specific conduct, if conduct proven, then guilty 7. Workmen s Compensation Act 1916 a. granted assistance to Federal Civil Service employees during periods of disability 8. Adamson Act 1916 a. established 8-hour work day b. extra pay for overtime *Act only applied to interstate railroad workers 9. Federal Farm Loan Act 1916 a. guaranteed low interest loans to farmers

30 First Term Continued 10. Keating-Owen Act 1916 a. Barred products produced by child labor from being sold out-of-state *Act declared unconstitutional in 1918 Election of 1916 Democrats Woodrow Wilson million popular vote (more pv than 1912 ev) Republicans Charles Hughes million popular vote