А Т Е Р І А И P R O C E E D I N G S

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2 Мі і тер тв віт і а У ра Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Мі і тер тв віт, ьт р, рт, а і те і і Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan О е ь аці а ь іте і івер тет Odessa National Polytechnic University А Т Е Р І А И і ар ра ь -я ь ере ці з та ь а в - р в івр іт цтва вт я 2013 р. P R O C E E D I N G S of the International Ukrainian-Japanese Conference on Scientific and Industrial Cooperation October 2013 О е а Odessa 2013

3 ь -я ь ь - - ; я : У, ,.,. Proceedings of the International Ukrainian-Japanese Conference on Scientific and Industrial Cooperation; October Odessa: ONPU, p. Language: UKR-ENG-RUS. ь ь, 2013 Odessa National Polytechnic University, 2013

4 А В І А ИКИ МІ А К А ЬК -Я ЬК К ФЕ Е ЦІ! а а я в а в - в ів і ва а в я ієв а і ів іа і а і ь а ів а в і ь ав а я, і і ь в і я я в а ва ва я я в і- а. в, в і я ав а ь в а ь і ві я ь а а ь. Ма - і а ь, а в а а іа ь - і іа, а і ві і ів а ь а і ва і, в а - в а я. ь і а а ь в в в ва - і а ів і ва а в і ва а я і в ва я а в - і і і - ь і. О і а я ів і а ів і ва ає а і в а і - ів, я і а ь ві ві ві і а а в і -. Ці ав а я а в і ва а а а і я ві я в іа ь, я а і в а ів ів. Ш і в - в ва в і а а і і в а а ів і ів в ав а і ів а, я і ь ів а і. іва ь, щ я ія а а а і а ві і ів а а а і, і а я в ів а в і - ів і ва. а ві а ва а і і а а і, в ає і ь а в ів а і. а а а У а Є.. У І

5 А В І А ИКИ МІ А К А ЬК -Я ЬК К ФЕ Е ЦІ! Ві а Ва ві а а я в О ь а і а ь і і - ів. ь і а ів в в я 95 ів. За а і а ів і в і ь 100 я а ів ів, а 7000 я 95 а ві. а ів ає а а а і а ві а і, а ва а а ів ь і І.Є. Та а а а в а в а а а ь а я а а в ві і я а а і а а. ь і я ія в а ія і ів а в іє а - в і ь а, я а, а і я, в а в а а і а в - а -я ь ів і ва і а, і а ві. а а в і в я, а і ві а я. Щ а, ь а а ь.. Ь

6 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я 5 А І -А А А КА А Ь І АВ МА И І Е Я И ІВ Я ЗВ К В И А Я КА Е Ь Е Е А Е Я О.Д. А а в, В.. а ь ь ь я я «А -А -4/8/14/16» я я ь ь ь я ь я ь - я. Ц яє я,. є «А -А -14» я «А -А -16/8» є ь я ь я ь.. «А -А -4» є / я 4-, щ яє. є ь я -. я я я ь я -, я Analog Devices. я ь я я «я» - я ( я є ь я FM- )., є ь я я. - я, яє я ь -. : 1. ь ь «- У-16» 16 ( 8 ), я «- У-8» «- У-14» ь 0 (0,775 ь 600 ). я я ь 0,5. 3. ь я я: ь я 20 +3, ь є ь я ь, ь ь я є - є ь - я- я, я ( я, є - ь ь я, я ь ) (3 ), (1 ). 5. є ь, : 20 ь 0,2 %, 0 ь 0,25 %, +3 - ь 0,5 %. 6. ь я ( ь я ь - ). 7. я «- У-14». я я ь я ( я ). я я ь-я. я - Р. 1. Ха а а ва я в і ів я в а і ві в і

7 6 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я ь я є ь я У, я 220 ± 10 % 50. ь - я ь я. я RACK19. 1 U (44 ), я 482.5, ь є я я є RCA («ь»), я, ь (. 2). Р. 2. За я а ь Р. 3. я а ь я я я, я ь я є. я ь, є ь я 0 (0,775.) 1000, ь є (0±0,5). (. 3) - я / (off line/on line). ЦИФ ВИ Е ЕФ И І Е ФЕ О.Д. А а в, В.. а ь ь Ц DIALOGUE я. З я є ь я я ь я я., я я - я-, я я. є, я ь. є я я я -. я є ь я я / є,, -

8 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я 7 я я ( ь ь )., є - я. О ОВ І ТЕХ І І ХАРАКТЕРИ ТИКИ 1. я, 600±30 2. ь ь, ( ) 0 (0,775) 3. ь ь, ь ь ь ( U = 15 ), (.) 0 (0,775) 5. - :,, я 100 8,, 6. - :, я 100 8,, я ь ь ь, ь ь,, ь,, є ь 1, ь 0,4, %, ь 0,5 Є : DIALOGUE 1/1 ; DIALOGUE 2/2 ; DIALOGUE 5/1 я ь / ; DIALOGUE 5/1 R DIALOGUE 5/1, є - ь. ь - ь я ь я. DIALOGUE 5/1 є ь я -. DIALOGUE 1/1 DIALOGUE 2/2 ь. ь ( ): 482, (DIALOGUE 5/1), 482, (DIALOGUE 2/2), (DIALOGUE 1/1). У Ц : я ; я (DIALOGUE 2/2 DIALOGUE 1/1); я ь ; (DIALOGUE 1/1, DIALOGUE 5/1) (DIALOGUE 2/2) ; я. : я є ; я -, яє -, я я ; ь ; я «я», я є ь я є є я - ( ) я ( ); ь ; ь я ; я ; я ь є я я я.

9 8 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я І Х И К В Е ЕК ИХ А А І В А І І - ЕХ І.. А щ, О.М. а в,.. Х в ь ь я є ь я ь ь щ я ь І -, я ь-. я є я я - У. я ь -, я ь., я - 'є я. ь ь ь, я я ь. є ь -? -, я яє я -, -, є я, - є, є ь - ь,,,, я є ь я я, ь. я ь є я -. я, ь я ь є я є я «ь» ь. є ь я ь (, я - ь я - У ). ь я є, я, я - є я я ь - є ь я - я. Я ь, : «є -» «є». ь - -, ь,, ь,, - ь. ь є є «є -» є я, я є, ь я,, ь -, ь я я -, - я, я ь. я «- є». є я ь Luxoft ь ь ь ( У), - яє я ь ь. я У Luxoft ґ є ь я, є ь ь - я, я я ь, я ь. я ь я я. У ь. є ь я 6 : - ь. «є» ь, є., є ь я ь є ь., ь я -, я ь, я. я ь 2, ь - ь. є ь я ь я Luxoft, я ь я -, ь я, ь ь ь [2].

10 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я 9 є я ь -,, я - У. є ь я ь - є я «ь». ь ь є. ь, ґ ь я ь. є, яє ь,. «ь» є я У - ь - «я. ь.», я ь ь- ь ь - ( У ). я є ь я ь я ь ь,, є ь я, я я, я ь ь, є RFID (Radio Frequency Identification, я) NFC (Near Field Communication). ь я ь я, У., Є ь я ь ь я, ь ь,. ь я - я. У я,, я ь. ь я. ь, я я - У ґ є. я я - я. ь я, - У.. - я. я У У ь я RFID NFC я, У ь - я [1]. ь є я я я, я, я ь -, ь, 'я. є я є я я, ь я я -, я. В., я У є ь я, ь. - є я. я, я я ь,, ь, є. References 1.,. //.,..,.. //. -...:, (83) ,.. - «LUXOFT-У» У //..,..,.. // Scientific and Technical Journal «Radioelectronics and informatics». Kharkov National University of Radioelectronics, Special Edition 1(60), P

11 10 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL INNOVATION AREA K.V. Balabanov Mariupol State University The article examines the main features of the modern innovation area and characterizes the main vectors of state policies aimed at developing research and education in the USA and the EU. Technological development and, accordingly, scientific and technological heterogeneity of the world, determine the structure of the modern global economy and the international division of labor. Analyzing the structure and characteristics of technological resources, as well as the mechanisms of competition under conditions of internationalization of global economic processes, enables us to define international technological competition as a new form of global competition in the global market. This competition is based on the active use of technological resources while forming comparative advantages and is aimed at increasing the efficiency of their market activities. Innovation processes occurring in the modern economy determine the new type of operation and development for both national and global economic systems. Development of the modern innovation area started in the postwar period. It was associated with intensification of the developed countries policies in the field of science and technology, as well as with increased competition among them in economic, military and industrial fields. Scientific and technological revolution resulted in creating a unified system of «science technology production» where science holds the fundamental position. Science is international in its nature. It is based on common laws, concepts and categories, which endows science with a single unifying principle. Its historical development made it essential in the society s productive forces and transformed it into a significant social institution certainly affecting all spheres of society. Current global tendencies to internationalize creation, development, use, transfer and distribution of technologies enable us to speak of techno-globalism developing in the world economy and spreading rapidly in the global innovation area. It should be emphasized that technology is the factor of production that determines the nature of its further development. Scientific and technological progress causes labor to be concentrated in technological production areas, while capital (earlier considered exclusively as a materialized cost and a result of previous production stages) currently acquires new qualities being peculiarly transferred to the sphere of knowledge and information technology. States that have determined science and education to be their development priorities produce and export the bulk of high-technology products. Export of high-technology products is growing rapidly. In particular, the production of office and computer equipment (637 %) and communication equipment (546 %) has increased impetuously over the last 10 years. The growth in the production of aero-space industry (226 %), pharmaceuticals (286 %), medical, precise and optical equipment (208 %) is much smaller. Development of high-technology production depends on the level of development and application of scientific potential that certain countries possess. The bulk of international technological exchange accounts for highly developed countries (USA, Japan, UK, Germany, France). However, intensified participation of developing countries in international division of labor resulted in continuous growth of their share in export and import of high-technology products. Intensive exporting and importing activities of recent years originate from developing Southeast-Asian countries, a quarter of their merchandise export being of high-technology nature. The share of high technology export in the world economy equals to 17.5 % of the total merchandise export (Table 1) [4]. The following modern trends in the development of the world innovation area can be spelled out. First of all, the main centers of the modern global innovation area are the USA, Japan and the EU countries. In 2008 the revenues from sales of research and development (R&D) results in the United

12 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я 11 States amounted to billion dollars, in Japan to 71.6 billion, in Germany to 30,7 billion, in France to 19,7 billion, in the UK to 18,1 billion. On the other hand, those countries become the main consumers of technologies. The share of high-technology export in the total merchandise export: regional aspect, % Table 1 Region Southeast Asia 22,1 33,1 30,7 30,3 27,0 25,6 27,4 26,4 Europe and Central Asia 14,0 20,4 17,3 17,5 13,6 13,1 15,0 14,8 EU 14,2 21,2 18,2 18,4 14,0 13,6 15,3 15,3 Central and South America 6,4 15,8 12,2 12,0 11,6 10,1 11,5 10,9 Middle East and North Africa n/a 7,1 3,0 3,6 2,0 2,5 3,5 n/a North America 28,5 30,3 25,7 26,1 23,9 23,2 20,5 18,7 South Asia 2,8 4,9 5,0 5,3 5,7 6,3 8,3 6,7 Africa n/a 3,7 n/a 7,3 4,4 3,6 5,1 2,8 World economy 18,1 24,4 20,7 20,7 17,5 16,7 18,3 17,5 The USA, Japan and the EU countries form the basic triad of the global innovation area. The basis of this process consists of the following elements: integration of science and business, development of innovation infrastructure, increase in sponsoring innovative projects by TNCs and increase in state expenditures on R&D. At the same time, the role of developing countries (especially of the Asian-Pacific region) in the development of high-technology export increases. The main competition in the global market of innovations is concentrated among the aforementioned triad, which promotes the development of high-tech exchange channels, primarily through institutional development of transnational structures. Over the recent decades global expenditures on R&D have increased rapidly and reached 128 trillion dollars. They are characterized by a very high concentration in a few countries: 35,6 % in North America, 24,4 % in European countries, and 34,9 % in the Asian-Pacific region [7]. Current state of the global innovation area is also characterized by a high proportion of expenditures on R&D in GDP of developed countries (R&D spending in the USA constitutes 2,9 % of GDP, in Japan 3,3 %, in the EU 1,9%). Gross domestic expenditures on research per capita in the EU as a whole is about 608 dollars, which is twice lower than the one in the US (1306,0 $). Due to persistently intensifying international competition leadership in the field of science and technology ensures the basis of national security. The states don t compete merely for possessing the capital resources and material assets, but for the ability to develop and implement innovations. Therefore, higher education throughout the world is an important subject of deliberate government policy aimed at solving specific political, economic, social and cultural tasks through appropriate government programs and plans. Thus, the basic principles of higher education development in the United States, according to Obama s plan «Restore America s Leadership in Higher Education» [6], include increasing accessibility of higher education, the funding of universities, the proportion of the US citizens having higher education by 2020, etc. The US national priorities of scientific development include the following four areas: science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). The quality of their development will determine the competitive advantages of American economy in the world. In order to ensure national priorities in the field of scientific development the plan provides for the following issues [5]: doubling federal investment in fundamental research over the next 10 years (with support of young researchers at the beginning of their careers), including research with high risks and potentially high returns; establishing national obligations in the field of science education and vocational training, supporting innovations through tax measures and improving the patent system; orienting science and technology to address the global challenges of the 21 st century (development of alternative energy sources, reduction of pollution, reduction of threats to national security, etc.). Due to slow economic growth of the EU, as compared to other developed countries of the world (primarily to the USA), European economic strategy has been substantially revised and re-

13 12 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я formed through modernization of education, scientific development and intensification of relations within the knowledge triangle formed by business, universities and research centers. Creation of the European Higher Education and Research Areas is aimed at forming and strengthening the intellectual, cultural, scientific and technological capabilities of Europe, as well as at improving the international competitiveness of the European economy. The priorities of higher education and scientific development in Europe for the next decade include the following [8]: social aspect (equal access to education and its completion); continuous education (through flexible learning possibilities, national qualification frameworks); employment (full use of education outcomes in the labor market that is constantly changing); student-focused education (educational mission of higher education); interrelation of education, research, and innovations (through development of interdisciplinary programs); international openness; mobility; transparency; expansion of the finance structure. Deterioration of global macroeconomic conditions and internal problems of the EU caused by the recent expansion of the Union could not ensure the achievement of the aforementioned priorities to their fullest extent [5]. Development of the European Higher Education Area is inextricably linked with formation of the European Research Area by means of improving the mobility of those involved in intellectual labor, strengthening multilateral scientific and technological cooperation between universities and research centers (following the examples of the USA, Japan, etc). The role of research coordinators in accordance with the development strategy of the united Europe belongs to the European Research Council, the European Science Foundation, European Institute of Technology. The budget of those organizations is based on common European resources. A special role in implementing the Lisbon strategy, oriented at making EU competitive, belongs to the European Institute of Technology. It is considered as a means to attract the most talented students and academicians from all over the world through appropriate integration of research groups from research institutions and universities, as well as businesses [3]. Establishment of the European Research Area shall result in creating a platform for free movement of knowledge. [2]. Since 2001 the university system of Japan has been undergoing structural reformation, the main objectives of which are as follows: reorganizing the university system; transforming the universities into national university corporations (including mergers); ensuring compliance of higher education with international standards through implementing the principles of competition and independent evaluation of universities and teachers; improving research programs in each university, determining 30 leading universities in each foreground field. According to the introduced reforms the so-called industry-university research centers have been established in state universities throughout the country; those centers ensure cooperation between education and business as well as integration of scientific centers and universities. Considering the experience of establishing the European Higher Education Area (the Bologna process) and the North American Higher Education Area, Asian-Pacific Educational Area is gradually being created; this Area will implement the appropriate programs of Asian-Pacific cooperation, etc. [1, p. 9]. The states that will ensure the development of education and science can expect to play the leading role in the global economy and in many fields of activities in future, as well as to resist the pressure from other developed countries, primarily the United States and Japan. The states whose priorities are in the development of science and education currently provide the bulk of high technology production and exports. Today, almost 58 % of this production in the world market accounts for the EU, the USA, China and Japan. Among the EU countries the major contributors to export of high-tech products are Germany, France, Britain, and the Netherlands. Summarizing the analysis of the recent trends in the development of innovation we can draw the following conclusions: the share of high-technology products in the system of global information society has significantly increased;

14 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я 13 information and communications (including transport) constitute a special infrastructure of the world production; its role and value in ensuring the functioning of the global production continues to grow; diversification of the world production is increasing, which is expressed through growth of commodity classification and change of the production structure; universities become the major centers of producing scientific knowledge and products. References 1. я я // material/opublic/in_education.pdf 2. ommunication From The Commission To The European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union. Brussels: European Commission, European Institute of Technology: the Commission proposes a new flagship for excellence, Brussels. 22 February High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)// TX.VAL. TECH.MF.ZS/countries/1W-EU-Z4-Z7-ZJ-ZQ-8S?display=graph 5. Key figures on Europe edition. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union Obama s education plan: Restore America s Leadership in Higher Education// Science and Engineering Indicators Arlington VA: National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators Arlington VA: National Science Foundation The Bologna Process 2020 The European Higher Education Area in the new decade Communiqué of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la- Neuve, April 2009// MAGNETO-OPTICAL MATERIALS AND SENSORS V.N. Berzhansky, A.N. Shaposhnikov, A.R. Prokopov, V.G. Vishnevskii, G.D. Basiladze, A.I. Dolgov, A.V. Karavainikov, T.V. Mikhailova, A.S. Nedviga, F.N. Pankov, N.V. Lugovs`kyy Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University The results of technology for creating of new magneto-optical materials, viz. thin and ultrathin epitaxial iron garnet films and multilayer structure of magnetophotonic crystals, for attractive for investments devices of receiving and processing the information are presented. In the construction of new devices and systems for the receiving and processing of information it is necessary to search and create such materials and structures that could control the properties of passing light and visualize the fixed and variable magnetic fields. Bi-substituted iron garnet (Bi:IG) films is occupied special place among such materials due to a large magneto-optical (MO) activity. Modern applications of monocrystalline MO garnet films are presented in Table 1. As one can see, depending on the application Bi:IG films should have different physical properties. So, the aim of the present work is the development of technologies for thin and ultrathin films Bi:IG with desired properties and synthesis of structures on their basis. The thin (~ 5 m) epitaxial iron garnet films are synthesized on monocrystalline substrates of gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE). Ultrathin films (up to several nanometers) are obtained by deposition techniques in vacuum. One of such techniques is widespread reactive ion beam sputtering (RIBS). Magneto-optical converters (MOC) on the basis of uniaxial LPE films are constructed for effective visualization of the co and variable magnetic fields. Forensic examination of the magnetic pro-

15 14 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я tection of a banknote (Fig. 1, a) and criminal modifications of identification numbers of automobile units (Fig. 1, b), non-destructive testing of metal structures (Fig. 2 and 3) using magneto-optical eddy current (MOEC) introscopy are among solved tasks by means of MOC application. Applications and physical parameters of iron garnet films * Table 1. a Fig. 1. Visualization of magnetic protection of banknote (a) and modifications of identification numbers of automobile unit (b) b a Fig. 2. MOEC image of defect-free welded seam (a) in aluminum plate (b). The welded seam places between the marks 1 and 2 b * h thickness, 2w domain period, H k uniaxial anisotropy field, H s saturation field, H c coercivity, 4πM s saturation magnetization, θ Faraday rotation at wavelength λ, H a «planar» anisotropy field, T c Curie temperature, δ optical losses

16 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я 15 Fig. 3. MOEC images of linear defects two vertical slits (10 µm) in different regimes Bi:IG films can serve as active media for atom cooling and manipulating. Neutral atoms of some metals can be cooled to temperature near absolute zero by infrared laser light during routine laboratory conditions. You can position them with the help of magnetic traps created by a laser in highcoercively Bi:IG film. It is considered that in the next decade the quantum computers will appear, and our proposed multilayer Bi:IG films can serve as active media of atomic chips [1]. One of the possible practical applications of Bi:IG films is creation of switches for optical communication systems and information transfer. Fig. 4 shows the layout of the switch [2]. Switching is result of veering of a magnetic field along a direction of propagation of light in «easy plane» garnet film. Operating wavelength is 1,31 or 1,55 m. Fig. 4. Single mode fiber magnetooptical switch 2 2 Ultrathin Bi:IG films and multilayer structures of one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals (1D-MPC) on their basis with a periodic modulation of the dielectric constant are special interesting. Actuality of their creation is due to new possibility of constructing the optical resonators, modulators, switches, sensors of magnetic fields and etc. with high quality factor, figure of merit, sensitivity and spatial resolution. We have shown that a significant increase in the Faraday rotation angle and MO figure of merit can be achieved by synthesize of the microcavity structures with double-layer MO layer and Brag mirrors on basis of dioxides TiO 2 and SiO 2 [3-4]. The first layer with a lower Bi content (sub-layer) is synthesized on Brag mirror. The main layer with a higher Bi content is deposited and crystallized on this sub-layer (Fig. 5). Experimentally achieved record values for MPC MO figure of merit, Faraday rotation enhancement and specific Faraday rotation angle are respectively 15,2 deg, 44 times and 66 deg/ m. Examples of spectral characteristics for MPC structure fused quartz KU- 1/(TiO 2 /SiO 2 ) 4 /double MO layer/(sio 2 /TiO 2 ) 4 are presented in Fig. 6 (a). MPC with different types of mag- Fig. 5. Schematic representation of 1D-MPC with double MO layer: 1 substrate; 2 TiO 2 layer; 3 SiO 2 layer; 4 MO sub-layer; 5 main MO layer; 6 radiation; magnetic field

17 16 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я netic anisotropy and form of Faraday hysteresis loops can be realized depending on the crystal structure and magnetic layers composition (Fig. 6, b). These magnetic properties of MPCs allow to use MPC in different devices. a Fig. 6. The experimental (symbols) and calculated (solid lines) Faraday rotation and transmittance spectra for 1D-MPC structure fused quartz KU-1/(TiO 2 /SiO 2 ) 4 /double MO layer/(sio 2 /TiO 2 ) 4 (а) and Faraday hysteresis loops for microcavity 1D-MPC with Bi:IG layers of different composition: 1 with one MO layer Bi 1,0 Y 0,5 Gd 1,5 Fe 4,2 Al 0,8 O 12 ; 2 with double MO layer Bi 1,0 Y 0,5 Gd 1,5 Fe 4,2 Al 0,8 O 12 /Bi 2,8 Y 0,2 Fe 5 O 12 ; 3 with double MO layer Bi 1,0 Y 0,5 Gd 1,5 Fe 4,2 Al 0,8 O 12 /Bi 1,5 Gd 1,5 Fe 4,5 Al 0,5 O 12. Conclusion Thus, the magneto-optical materials on the base of the bismuth ferrite garnets epitaxial films can be widely used in devices for forensics, defectoscopy and telecommunication. b References 1. Patent for useful model Ukraine, IPC 30 30/00. Atomic chip / Vyshnevskyi V.H., Nedviha O.S., Nesteruk O.H., Berzhanskyi V.N.; Taurida National University. N u ; appl ; publ , Bull. N Patent for useful model Ukraine, IPC G02F1/00. Fiber magnetooptical switch / Basiladze H.D., Dolhov O.I., Berzhanskyi V.N.; Taurida National University. N u ; appl ; publ , Bull. N Patent for useful model Ukraine, IPC 30 30/00. Magnetophotonic crystal of cavity type / A.N. Shaposhnikov, A.R. Prokopov, A.V. Karavainikov, M.F. Kharchenko; Taurida National University. N u ; appl ; publ , Bull. N Microcavity One-Dimensional Magnetophotonic Crystals with Double Layer Iron Garnet / V. N. Berzhansky, T. V. Mikhailova, A. V. Karavainikov [et al.] // J. Magn. Soc. Jpn Vol 36, No 1_2. P

18 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я 17 TRANSFER AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF TECHNOLOGIES IN UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITIES: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS S.V. Bespalova, N.P. Malashenko, S.O. Bogdanova, O.V. Savkevych, S.V. Radio Donetsk National University The features of technology transfer and commercialization of innovative products in Ukraine as well as the mechanisms for state regulation in the field of technology transfer in Ukraine are considered. The measures that should be taken for the successful commercialization of R&D results obtained by higher educational institutions are proposed. In Ukraine, the state regulation in the field of technology transfer is governed by the laws of Ukraine, which define the legal, economic, organizational and financial framework of technology transfer activities and is aimed at ensuring the effective use of scientific, technological and intellectual potential of Ukraine, production effectiveness, protection of property rights for national technologies and/or their constituents in the countries where they are used / going to be used, expansion of international scientific and technical cooperation in the field: 1) The Law of Ukraine «On state regulation of activities in the field of technology transfer» (Art. 5) [1] provides opportunities for international cooperation of Ukraine in the field of technology transfer in the following forms: Bilateral and multilateral international agreements of Ukraine on scientific, technological and investment cooperation; Attracting investments in the scientific and technological complex of Ukraine; Promoting the implementation of international standards in Ukraine, including quality management standards; Technology transfer as a part of scientific, technical, industrial and investment cooperation; Participation of national enterprises, research institutions, organizations and higher educational institutions in international exhibitions and fairs of high-tech products and technologies; Participation in the development of the domestic segments of international information and communication systems on intellectual property and technology transfer. 2) According to the Law of Ukraine «On state regulation of activities in the field of technology transfer» (Art. 23) [1] the following mechanisms for monitoring the use of funds obtained as a result of technology transfer are applied: funds received from transfer of a technology, created with the use of budget funds (in the form of periodic and / or one-time payments (royalties) and property rights to which are owned by the organization-developer, should be used by the organization to pay remuneration to the authors of a technology and / or intellectual property rights object, to develop innovation and technology transfer system within the organizations, including the payment of patenting abroad. The order and the ways of the use of funds received as a result of transfer of technologies, created with the use of budget funds, shall be determined by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Thus, two differences between the transfer and commercialization of technologies can be formulated [2, 3]: 1) technology commercialization stipulates obtaining a mandatory profit from its use in economic sector and is not necessarily related to participation of any third parties in the process; 2) technology transfer a mandatory transfer of a technology to a recipient, who carries out its industrial development, but it is not necessarily aimed at profit obtaining. Commercialization of technologies is aimed at obtaining of a commercial result, begins with identification of perspective commercial use of a new technology, and ends with the implementation of the technology, goods, obtained through its use, or services on the market and obtaining of a commercial effect [4]. Commercialization of available scientific and technical technologies at the technol-

19 18 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я ogy market includes both direct transfer and commercialization of R&D results with account of the market needs and requirements and the potential components of support to facilitate the process and obtaining a commercial effect [3]. World experience shows that the commercialization of research results in the developed countries requires an overall interest of different structures, coordination of activities between parliaments, governments and private sector in implementing benefits for everyone (from public and private sector) to participate in commercialization of products. Various forms of interaction are encouraged [5]. National and foreign scholars always emphasize the important function of universities in building of the national innovation system. They point out that modern university is not just a high school plus research, but also a multi-functional structure that provides educational, scientific, innovative activities and makes a real contribution to socio-economic development of a region, the country [6]. Unlike Western countries, in Ukraine the problems in technology transfer and commercialization sector are only considered at the stage of applied research that negatively affects the economic development. The main difficulties faced by universities and research institutions during commercialization of their R&D results, are the following: transformation of scientific and technological results into commodities at the technology market; identification, evaluation and protection of intellectual property, developing a business plan and looking for partners and investors choosing of ways to promote the technology (goods and services) to the market, choosing the form of commercialization (sales) at the technology market. Analysis of infrastructure for innovation activities based on higher educational institutions (HEIs), available in Ukraine, shows the inadequacy, lack of links and mechanisms for commercialization of knowledge and technologies. This requires a creation of a corresponding innovation department within the university, working out of an effective mechanism for commercialization of knowledge and technologies [6]. The task of the centers for technology transfer within HEIS is to promote project development from an idea to a successful business. Any university is interested in getting the maximum profit from the commercialization of its research. According to international experience, the own production as a share within the company has the greatest potential yield. Selling of licenses can be another highly profitable form of the transfer. If the technology is a breakthrough and is patented, the license fees may reach considerable size. This scheme of joint ventures and licensing mainly works in the most Western universities. Choosing the right strategy (option) for technology commercialization is one of the essential factors in successful realization of a project. Therefore, the successful commercialization of R&D results requires measures to be undertaken at the national level: support in creation of innovative infrastructure facilities within the universities and research institutions, increased financial autonomy of universities, determining the conditions for the use of university funds received from the provision of paid services in educational and research activities, establishment of the Fund for Assistance to Small enterprises working in the science and technology field which would provide public financial support for emerging small businesses. References 1. The Law of Ukraine «On state regulation of activities in the field of technology transfer» [Electronic resource]: 2. Andronova, O.F. Transfer of technologies as a tool for innovations: monograph / O.F. Andronova, A.V. Cherep. K.: Condor, p. 3. But, S.Yu. Ways of commercialization of university technologies: problems and solutions / S.Yu. But, I.O. Sovershenna // Ukrainian Scientific-Production Journal «Innovative Economy» P Liashenko, O.M. Models of commercialization and technology transfer in a global environment / O.. Liashenko. Ternopil: Economic thought, p. 5. Salikhova, O.B. Improving the methodology of statistical analysis of international technology transfer in Ukraine. Abstract of the thesis for the degree of a candidate of econ. sciences / O.B. Salikhova p. 6. Fedorov, M.P. The role if universities in the innovation economy / M.P. Fedorov // Innovations No. 02 (100). P

20 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я 19 SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES OF ACTIVATION OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN VOLYN REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY V. Bozhydarnik, І. Vakhovych, P. Savchuk Lutsk National Technical University The basic components of innovative activity are analysed taking into account regional development peculiarities. The basic subjects of the innovative process in Volyn region of Ukraine are characterised, the characteristics of their activities and main achievements are presented. The main aspects and trends that shape and improve innovative environment are shown. The development of Ukraine's economy and its transformation to the standards of the European Community requires special attention to regional development. An integral part of this strategy is innovative policy, which is primarily based on creating a favorable investment climate, as well as the formation of effective structures for its implementation and establishment of effective mechanisms of interaction between them, the formation of favorable conditions for the functioning of innovation and entrepreneurship in innovative sphere. Predominance of rates growth of GDP over rate of investment into a fixed capital, mismatched dynamic growth of budget expenditures on science, generally accepted by European indices (0,2...0,3% of GDP), low patenting activity of scientific-industrial complex, in particular, attraction of intellectual property and intangible assets into fixed assets of enterprises these are the main factors inhibiting the development of innovation today [1, p. 176]. The concept of the innovative system of Ukraine that is aimed at determining the objective priorities for innovative development, a significant improvement of the investment climate, a legal framework formation to ensure equal entry of the state in research and technology space of Europe and the world provides the creation of adaptive infrastructure of innovation activity. There are some another factors that influence the infrastructure of innovative activity, among them are the tasks concerning the restructuring of the national economy, focused training of qualified specialists for high-tech industries and management innovation, creating market innovative products which will be provided with an appropriate level of protection of intellectual property. Wide usage of information and communication technologies in all sectors and spheres of social life will increase innovative culture of society [2, p. 22]. Adaptive infrastructure of innovative activity is effective when there is a chain «science new product production market». It is achieved by compulsory involvement of industry of venture business, first of all, private investment companies, supported by state and public funds. An important element in the formation of this industry is such innovative structures as the technoparks, innovative centers and business incubators. While ensuring their functioning it is important to orient on the most modern technologies (both native and global), that guarantee competitiveness and appropriate quality and promote further involvement of scientific and educational potential of the country. Adjustment of the problem of Free Zones at the national level is strategically important for Volyn region, as the status of cross-border area and advantageous geopolitical location allow signs of depressive region to convert into an attractive and dynamically developed administrative unit in the north-western region of Ukraine. Analyzing the experience of Volyn region toward activation of innovative activity over the last decade, it should be noted that we have a progress and specific results. Thus, Volyn Innovative Centre of Transfer of the New Technologies has been functioning since September 2005 in Volyn (VICTNT). It was established in accordance with the plan of actions provided by Regional Programme of Scientific, Technological and Innovative Development in (from ).

21 20 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я Approaches of its activity are as follows: studying of demand for innovations; creating a database of innovative proposals; researching of the market transfer of new technologies; optimization of the interaction between the subjects of innovative activity; searching of potential investors; searching of partners, potential clientage; formation of positive investment image of the region; development of international cooperation with foreign structures, dealing with stimulation of innovative activity and own or work over the creation of databases of innovative proposals. Some achievements of Volyn Innovative Centre of Transfer of the New Technologies (VICTNT) were got for the period from 2005 to 2009: the group of volunteers for forming a database of innovative proposals ( IP) and search of potential customers of IP was formed ; a local electronic databases of innovative proposals «Database IP-Ukraine» and «Database IP-SND» cluster types (36 and 10 clusters, respectively) were formed; the electronic database of the regional developments of innovative proposals on base of the programmed product SQL-server with the possibility of independent and active updated information and also the instantaneous transfer to regulated customers was formed; the coordinate boards from the questions of innovation in 6 leading educational establishments and research and science institutions and Lutsk organizations were formed; questionnaires IP for the search of developments in educational and research institutions and organizations of the region were developed and distributed; informational packets in enterprises and other subjects of economic activity in the region (more than 70 packets) and the district state administrations were developed and distributed; weekly consultations on the topics «The acquirement status of the innovative product» and «Discovering and analysis of intellectual property (IP)» for subjects business activity and individuals were organized. For our region the development of Volyn business incubator is extremely important that was founded and operated under the Volyn Regional Entrepreneurship Support Fund (VRESF) and also the creation on based of Lutsk National Technical University of agricultural park «Volyn», where advanced technologies of Volyn scientists will be implemented. The active position of public organizations is important. From 2009 the public organization takes place as effective manager of «Volyn Association of Scientists and Innovators», a number of other institutions of civil society. Unfortunately, today the proper financial support of these organizations from central and local authorities of government is absent. The regional program of the scientific, technological and innovative development has not been received for a long time in Volyn. There are objective and subjective reasons. Today VRESF and PO «Volyn Association of Scientists and Innovators» actively try to attract grant resources to promote activities in the field of innovation. In particular the micro-project «Creating of Ukrainian-Polish Virtual Exchange of Innovative Projects and Proposals» within the project of «Strengthening of Transboundary Cooperation in the Sphere of Business-services and Facilitating of Access to Business» on the Programme of Transboundary Cooperation Poland- Belarus- Ukraine was implemented. To increase the awareness of business entities about the benefits of acquiring the status of legal objects of IP as a real mechanism to reduce the tax burden and receive some benefits and preferences by Lutsk National Technical University in cooperation with the PO «Volyn Association of scientists and innovators» initiated seminars «Intellectual Property as an element of the promotion of innovative activity of an enterprise and achievement of commercial success». These seminars deal with the question of the place of IP in business enterprise; the foundations of intellectual property (identification, special aspects of becoming an object of IP rights and their use); ways of commercialization of objects of IP rights; the procedure for acquiring rights to objects of IP rights ( registration and enrollment, protection from unfair competition); intellectual property as an intangible asset (recognition and evaluation of intangible assets, crediting funds to the balance and depreciation, tax and accounting problems); acquiring the status of an innovative product and other ways to achieve commercial success. Leading experts of the region and Ukraine in the field of commercialization of IP rights are involved to this. The importance and usefulness of such seminars was underlined repeatedly

22 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я 21 in their final summaries, since such events help businesses more actively use its own intellectual capital and to feel confident in the market of technology transfer. Strategically important step is the attraction of leading regional higher educational institutions (HEIs) to innovative activity and also required stimulation to cooperation between local centers of scientific, technical and economic information. The active participation of universities in this process will certainly raise not only their rating, but also promote optimal involvement of the scientific and technical potential of universities to the provision of services of information, educational and expert consulting nature. It is necessary as soon as possible to ensure the full functioning of divisions on commercialization and IP in the universities. Activities of such units should be directed to the following: Creation and improvement of their innovative resources base; monitoring companies in finding contracts for research and implementation of innovative proposals and projects; development and implementation of innovative projects; protection of designed products such as OIP and authors against unauthorized use; preventing the spread of counterfeit goods; providing advice, information and searching, engineering services in the field of innovation and related fields; marketing in the field of innovation; assistance in specialists retraining and advanced training in the field of innovation; promoting research activities of employees of the universities; involvement in managing intellectual capital of the universities. Today in Volyn region this structure is established and successfully operated in Lutsk National Technical University. Symbiosis in its activities together with the public organization «Association of Volyn scientists and innovators» is preparing a «Transregional Virtual Technological Park». The project aims to solve key regional needs: improving access of entrepreneurs, manufacturers and business in general to modern advanced technology concentrated in the regions, improving the level of scientific and technical developments and skills of scientists and researchers by optimizing the interaction between them, as well as trans-regional cooperation in scientific and innovative sphere, ensuring the availability of financial resources for innovative and investment projects; the promotion of the products of the manufacturing sector to markets; obtaining information on production needs; improving the competitiveness of manufacturers by introducing modern technologies [4, p. 154]. The first stage in building such a system of the technology transfer is to create an informational environment based on existing infrastructure. So a two-level hierarchical network of partners (consortium) will be created: interaction between partners-moderators, including the general partner who is a partnermoderator (Level 1). Their aim is to provide 10 % co-financing under the funding received by each partner, accounting in general 10 % of the total amount of the project; the interaction between partners-moderators (stakeholders) and partners (2-nd Level). As part of this stage, a seminar on the harmonization of staff within the network will be held. By means of information sharing (advertizing campaign) among the representatives of target groups (particularly, ones involved from remote areas in the geographical aspect), their involvement in the project will be stimulated. Emphasis is on easy access to specific scientific and technical information in one place (local access point to online resources, including database of Web-portal that will be created, the possibility of a free qualified consultation). The second stage is the study of the demand for innovative developments, of opportunities and experience of partners (survey of target groups, research and production environment, working visits to the partners). It is necessary to gather information for the formation of clusters in the database of Web-portal, to verify the effectiveness of the work of the consortium structures within the level 1; to get an additional experience. The third stage is a creation of databases of innovative and investment developments, stimulating research environment (selection of clusters, protection of intellectual property, data collection, launching an informative Web-portal, creating a venture capital fund in Volyn region). It is necessary to form the 1-st database, which is the foundation of any system of technology transfer; venture capital fund is needed to provide funding for pilot project proposals in Volyn region, which will be selected

23 22 У Ь -Я Ь Ц Я by the competition of innovative and investment developments followed by production of project cost estimating documentation. The fourth stage is stimulating working environment (analysis of production problems, the study of the demand for innovative and investment developments; the formation of database for the producers and their products; seminar for producers). It is necessary to form the 2-nd database that identifies an environment of projects implementation (focuses on specific consumers of innovative products); to stimulate activity and training (qualification) of producers in the context of the cooperation with the scientific environment. The fifth stage is research, competitive selection and examination of innovative-investment development (analysis of innovation and investment development in the regions, competitive selection and examination of innovative-investment development for their implementation in the Volyn region, including from the resources of the venture Fund). It is necessary for proper evaluation and selection of innovative and investment development and their subsequent examination with the purpose of selection of the most efficient project proposals. The sixth stage is stimulation of the investment environment (search of investors and creation of a database of potential investors, holding of the forum of investors, the presentation of the venture Fund etc). This is necessary for the formation of the 3rd database, which identifies the investment environment (focuses on specific investors, the sphere of their professional interests, conditions of investment of capital); for the encouragement of investors by positioning their requirements regarding the raising of capital in weighty-scientific products; the accumulation of venture capital of Volyn region. The seventh stage is development of design estimate documentation for pilot projects (consulting, development of a feasibility study; expert evaluation of project documentation), as well as the signing of agreements to ensure further livehood operation of the project. It is necessary for high quality training and independent assessment of the feasibility study and design estimate documentation of pilot project proposals and consolidation of recommendations to ensure the effective functioning of infrastructure and information environments upon completion of the project. Today there is an active search of resources of financing, in particular, of the international technical assistance for the implementation of this project. Thus, it should be noted that active and coordinated network of innovative structures presenting a balanced innovative environment is formed in Volyn. The innovative way of development is the most promising for both individual enterprises, corporations and for the country as a whole, and the formation of an innovative environment in the regions is the guarantor of both the active involvement in this process and is one of the main factors of economic progress. Capital investments in the new technologies will significantly increase manufacturing activity and quantity of workplaces. It will stimulate innovative development of enterprises, organizations, and therefore the development of the regions and the country as well. References 1. Savchuk, P.P. Pidkhody do problem stvorennia adaptyvnoi infrastruktury innovatsiinoi diialnosti na Volyni / P.P. Savchuk, V.F. Baitsym, L.A. Savchuk // Problemy i perspectyvy funksionuvannia innovatsiinoi systemy derzhavy v umovakh hlobalizatsii. Materialy XII-i mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii. Lutsk: Vezha, S Savchuk, P.P. Mekhanizmy stymuliuvannia innovatsiinoi diialnosti na Volyni / P.P. Savchuk, R.G. Redko, O.V. Zabolotnyi // Ekonomichni nauky. Seria Rehionalna Ekonomika. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats. Lutskyi natsionalnyi tekhnichnyi universytet. Vypusk 5 (17) Ch.4. Lutsk, S Savchuk, P.P. Do pytania pro stymuliuvania innovatsiinokho seredovyshcha na Volyni / P.P. Savchuk, O.V. Zabolotnyi, T.V. Bozhydarnik // Sbornik nauchno-prakticheskikh materialov mezhdunarodnogo foruma Transfer tekhnologii i innovatsii. Simferopol: Kolor Print, S Savchuk, P.P. Ukrainsko-polsko-biloruskii virtualnyi tekhnolohichnyi park yak forma aktyvizatsii regionalnoho transkordonoho spivrobitnytstva u sferi transferu tekhnologii / P.P. Savchuk // Transfer tekhnologii ta innovatsii: biznes, vlada, regiony: materialy V-ho Mizhnarodnogo forumu, grydnia 2011 r. Kyiv, S