Glass in Concrete Products: Full Scale Industrial Trials II Ian Ferguson, Marshalls Mono John Fifield, CRH Group (Forticrete Ltd)
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1 Glass in Concrete Products: Full Scale Industrial Trials II Ian Ferguson, Marshalls Mono John Fifield, CRH Group (Forticrete Ltd) ConGlassCrete Project Centre for Cement and Concrete, University of Sheffield
2 ConGlassCrete Products TYPE Semi-Dry Wet-Pressed Wet Cast PRODUCTS Paving Blocks Masonry Units Grey Blocks Non-BS Product Cast Stone Roof Tiles Kerbs Slabs Flags Flags Exposed Aggregate Flags ASSESSMENT Product compliance ASR Micro-studies (selectively)
3 Materials Codes AP: amber glass pozzolan GP: green glass pozzolan FP: flint glass pozzolan GGA: green glass aggregate AGA: amber glass aggregate FGA: flint glass aggregate BGA: blue glass aggregate GGS: green glass sand FGS: flint glass sand BB: post consumer cullet from bottle bank collection P&C: post consumer cullet from pub & club collection RCA: recycled concrete aggregate
4 Semi-Dry Cast Paving Blocks
5 Paving Blocks 1 Type Test Results Mix Code Slip/skid resistance values Abrasion Resistance Freeze-Thaw (mass lost) USRV PPTV PPV Class (mm) Class kg/m 2 Class PC/PFA S3 18 A W2 84% total cementitious S3 19 A W2 95% total cementitious S3 16 A W2 PC/GP S3 16 A W2 PC/GP S3 16 A W2
6 Paving Blocks 1 Strength and ASR 5 Tensile Strength 0.10 ASR Strength (MPa) 4 Expansion (%) BS TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS PC/PFA25 PC/GP10 PC/GP21 PC/GP25 PC/GP Age at 28 Days Age at Weeks
7 Paving Blocks 2 Strength and Type Tests Mix Code Strength (MPa) USRV Slip / skid Resistance Values PPTV PPV Class Abrasion Resistance (mm) Class Freeze-Thaw (mass loss) (kg/m 2 ) Class PC/Con S A1 - W2 PC/AP S A1 - W2 PC/Con S A1 0.1 W2 PC/AP S A1 0.3 W2
8 Architectural Masonry Units
9 Architectural Masonry Units ASR 0.10 ASR GA ASR - GP ASR - GA with 10% GP ASR - GA with 20% GP 0.10 Expansion (%) WPC/Control WPC/Green WPC/Amber WPC/Blue WPC/Flint BS TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS WPC/Control WPC/GP10 WPC/GP20 WPC Control WPC/GP10 WPC/GP10/GGA WPC/GP10/AGA WPC/GP10/BGA WPC/GP10/FGA WPC Control WPC/GP20 WPC/GP20/GGA WPC/GP20/AGA WPC/GP20/BGA WPC/GP20/FGA Age (Weeks) Age (Weeks) Age (Weeks) Age (Weeks)
10 Semi-Dry Cast Grey Blocks
11 Grey Blocks 1 - Results 12 Compressive Strength 0.11 ASR Strength (MPa) 10 8 Expansion (%) BS TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS PC/PFA14 Control PC/PFA14/RCA15 PC/AP14/RCA15 PC/PFA14/RGA15 PC/AP14/RGA Age at Days Age (Weeks)
12 Grey Blocks 2 - Results Strength (MPa) Compressive Strength PC/Control PC/BB Cullet PC/Flint Dust PC/AP20 PC/GP20 Expansion (%) ASR PC Control PC/BB Cullet PC/Flint Dust PC/AP20 PC/GP Age at Days Age at Weeks
13 Grey Blocks 3 - Results Strength (MPa) Compressive Strength 1 7 Age at Days Expansion (%) ASR Expansion PC Control PC/AP15 PC/AP Age at Weeks
14 Semi-Dry Cast Non-BS Product
15 Non-BS Product 70 Compressive Strength 0.10 ASR to 52 Weeks BS TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS Strength (MPa) Expansion (%) PC Control PC/GGA3-6 PC/GGA3-6/FGD PC/AP10/GGA3-6 PC/AP20/GGA Age at Days Age at Weeks
16 Semi-Dry Cast Stone
17 Cast Stone 50 Strength Water Absorption 0.11 ASR 0.25 Strength (MPa) Age at Days Water Absorption (%) Expansion (%) WPC/GGBS40 WPC/GGBS20/ GP20 WPC/GP Age (Weeks)
18 Semi-Dry Cast Roof Tiles
19 Roof Tiles Flexural Strength to 90 Days Flexural Strength (MPa) PC Control PC/GGP10 PC/GGP20 PC Control PC/AGP10 PC/AGP20 PC Control PC/GGS15 PC/FGS Age at Days
20 Roof Tiles ASR to 52 Weeks 0.10 Expansion (%) BS TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS PC Control PC/GGP20 PC/AGP20 PC/FGS15 PC/GGP10 PC/AGP10 PC/GGS Age at Weeks
21 Wet-Pressed Kerbs
22 Wet-Pressed Kerbs Mix Code Slip/skid Resistance Values Abrasion Resistance Freeze-Thaw (mass loss) USRV PPTV PPV Class (mm) Class (kg/m 2 ) Class PC/Con S3 22 A W2 PC/BGA S3 22 A W2 PC/GP S3 23 A W2
23 Wet-Pressed Slabs
24 Wet-pressed Slabs (glass pozzolan) 25 Abrasion ASR 0.10 Resistance (mm) BS TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS PC/PFA20 PC/PFA20/GGP10 PC/GGP10 PC/GGP20 PC/GGP30 PC/GGP20@85% cem Expansion (%) Age (Weeks) -0.02
25 Wet-Pressed Slabs (glass pozzolan & aggregate) 25 Abrasion ASR BS TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS 0.08 Resistance (mm) PC/PFA20 Control PC/PFA20/GGA PC/PFA20/FGA PC/GGP10/FGA PC/GGP20/FGA PC/GGP30/FGA PC/GGP20/FGA/LS Expansion (%) Age at Weeks -0.02
26 Mix Code Wet-Pressed Flags Slip / skid resistance values Abrasion Resistance Freeze-Thaw (mass lost) USRV PPV Class (mm) Class (kg/m 2 ) Class PC/Con S A3 0 W2 PC/GP S A3 0 W2 PC/GP S A3 0.7 W2
27 Wet Cast Flags Type Test Mix Code Abrasion Resistance mm Class Slip/skid Resistance USRV PPV Class Water Absorption (%) PC/Con A S3 2.3 PC/GP A S3 2.4 PC/GP A S3 2.0
28 Wet Cast Flags 10 Flexure strength ASR BS TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS PC Control PC/GP10 PC/GP Expansion (%) Age at Weeks -0.02
29 Exposed Aggregate Flags
30 Exposed Aggregate Flags Strength (MPa) Strength Expansion (%) ASR -High Alkali Cement PC/Control PC/GP10 PC/GP10/GGA6-12 PC/GP10/FGA6-12 PC/GP10/AGA6-12 BS TEST LIMITS AT 52 WEEKS Day 7 Day 28 Day Age at Days Age at Weeks
31 Summary TYPE Semi Dry Wet Pressed Wet Cast PRODUCTS Paving Blocks Masonry Units Grey Blocks Non-BS Product Cast Stone Roof Tiles Kerbs Slabs Flags Flags Exposed Aggregate Flags PERFORMANCE WITH GLASS AS POZZ./AGG. Compliance ASR
32 Conclusions Glass as both pozzolan and aggregate performed adequately in ready-mixed concrete and a range of precast concrete products tested to relevant British Standards; No ASR expansion was observed in glass pozzolan and/or glass aggregate ready-mixed concrete and precast concrete products, except in one example where high alkali cement was used. Ready-mixed concrete made with glass pozzolan and/or glass pozzolan and glass sand shows increasing strength development to 1 year
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