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1 BEDDIS SOILS (Orthfc Dystric Brunisol ) Locatfon - Occurs below 100 meters in elevation on well drained sandy fluvial terraces and old post glacial beaches. Texture - Loamy sand to sandy loam. Avaflable Water Storage Capacity - 9 cm / meter. Irrigation Application Rate cm / hr. grass crop cm / hr. cultivated crop. - Annual Application cm. Drainage - Rapid to moderately well. Compaction - Lower horizons are slightly compact but subsoiling is not usually required. Sloping areas are succeptible to erosion. Fertilizer - Strong to medium acid, requires lime. i n nitrogen. ~aturally dificient Suitability - Most crops. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE i FISHERIES
2 CHEMAINUS SOIL (Orthic Dystric Brunisol ) Location - Found on floodplains and low terraces along streams and rivers, such as the Nanaimo, Chemainus, Cowichan and Koksilah. Texture - S i l t loam, loam. Available Water Storage Capacity cm / meter. Irrigation Application Rate cm / hr. grass crop cm / hr. cultivated crop. - Annual Application cm. Drainage - Moderately well drained, water tables at 1 to 2 meter depth. Flooding may occur, dependant upon elevation. Compaction - Occasionally a concern on silt loam surfaces. possible if flooding.occurs. Water erosion Fertilizer - Medium acid. Soils are variabie in nitrogen content. Lime may be required for some crops. ~ t rtabil i ity - Well suited to a 'wide range o f agricultural crops.-.' a - prime agricultural soil. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FISHERIES
3 COMIAKEN SOIL (Cumul ic Regosal ) Location - Occurs level to very gently sloping floodplains along the Nanaimo, Chemainus, Cowichan and Koksilah rivers. Texture - Loamy sand, sandy loam, sand. Available Water Storage Capacity - 11 cm / meter. Irrigation Application Rate cm / hr. grass crop cm / hr. cultivated crop. - Annual Application cm. Drainage - Glell to rapidly drained. Has an apparent water table at about 2 meters for most of the year. Erosion - Subject to channel i ng by seasonal frequent fl ooding. Fertilizer - Medium acid. Requires 1 ime for -various crops. Deficient in ni trogen. Suitability - With dyking, leveling and irrigation, these soils can support a wide range.of crops. Urban and related use's are not recommended because of the flood hazard. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FISHERIES
4 COWICHAN SOIL (Humic Luvic Gl eysol ) Location - Occurs below elevations of about 100 meters, in level to depressional areas on undulating marine sediments. Texture - S i l t loam, silty clay loam, silty clay. Available Water Storage Capacity - 22 cm / meter. Irrigation Application Rate 0.75 cm / hr. grass crop cm / hr. cultivated crop. * - Annual Application cm. Drainage - Poorly drained and maintains a constantly perched water table to within 1.5 meters frqm the surface. Drainage is required to increase range of crops and productivity. Drain spacing should be 12 meters spacing at.9 meters in depth. Fertilizer - Medium acid. Fair to good fertility and has good organic matter levels, requires lime. - Suitability - Excess moisture during the Spring w i l l cause trafficabil i ty problems and planting delays. Winter ponding often kills or injures perennial crops. Historically suitable for hay and pasture. Urban and related uses severely constrained by high water tab1 e. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE L FISHERIES MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT L PARKS
5 CROFTON SOIL (Orthic Humic Gleysol ) Location - Found in depressional areas on recent floodplains and deltas of the Nanaimo, Chernainus, Cowichan and Koksilah rivers. Associated with Chemainus soil s. Texture - S i l t loam, loam. Avail able Water Storage Capacity cm / meter. Irrigation Application Rate cm / hr. grass crop cm / hr. cultivated crop - Annual Application cm. Drainage - Poorly drained.- drainage required. Drain spacing should be 15 meters spacing at 1.1 meters in depth. Filter required where sandy material present at drain depth. Fertilizer - Medium acid - Requires lime for-most crops. deficient in nitrogen and phosphorous. Naturally Suitability - Forage and Fodder crops. Potential exists for a moderate range of crops with drainage and irrigation. Unsuitable for urban and related uses due to high water table and frequent flooding. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE L FISHERIES MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT L PARKS
6 FAIRBRIDGE SOIL (Gl eyed El uviated Dystric Bruni sol ) -- - Location - Occurs below 100 meters in elevation. Texture - Silt loam to silty clay loam. Available Water Storage Capacity - 24 cm / meter. Irrigation Application Rate cm / hr. grass crop cm / hr. cultivated crop. - Annual Appl ication cm. Drainage - Imperfectly to moderately well drained - Perched water table, - drainage required for perennial crops sensitive to saturated soil condition. Subsurface drains - 14 meter spacing at 1 meter depth in depressions and 18 meter spacing in all other areas. Compaction - Cultivate when moist and not when soil i s saturated. Subsoil ing may be beneficial. Erosion - Structure degradation and surface crusti'ng can result when the soil is exposed to heavy rain and/or cultivated when wet. As slope steepness and slope length increase, surface soil erosion potential will increase. Winter cover crops are highly recommended. Fertilizer - Lime i s required. Soils naturally 'deficient in nf trogen. Sui tabil ity - Highly suitable for forage and vegetables with irrigation and fertilization. A perched water table during the winter months may adversely effect some perennial crops. &fi MINISTRY OF A611CULTURE & FISHERIES # t4lnistri OF ENYIROHMLNT & PARKS 9
7 FLEWETT SOILS (Orthic Dystric Brunisol ) Location - Found on level to very gently sloping river terraces and fl uvi a1 fans. Texture - Fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam. Available Water Storage Capacity cm / meter. Lrrigation Application Rate cm / hr. grass crop - Annual Application - 45 cm. Drainage - Well drained cm / hr. cultivated crop Fertilizer - Naturally deficient in nitrogen. 1 irne. Strongly acid - requires Suitability - Suitable for a wide range of.crops with the availabil ity of irrigation water. No 1 imitations for urban and and related uses. MINISTRY OF 'AGRICUL'TURE 6 FISHERIES
8 HILLBANK SOILS (Orthic Dystric Brunisol ) Location - Occurs below elevations of about 100 meters on undulating silty marine landscapes; associated with Fairbridge soils. Texture - Si1 t loam, loam. Available Water Storage Capacity crn / meter. Irrigation Application Rate cm / hr. grass crop cm / hr. cultivated crop. - Annual Application cm. Drainage - Moderately well. Erosion - Structure degradation and surface crusting can result when the soil i s exposed to heavy rain and/or cultivated when wet. As slo'pe steepness and slope length increase, surface soil erosion potential will increase..winter cover crops are highly recommended. Fertilizer - Medium acid - lime required. Deficient in nitrogen. Suitability - Considered suitable for a wide range of crops with irrigation. Moderately suited for urban and related uses due to low bearing strength, slow perviousness and erodibility. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FISHERIES PARKS
9 METCHOSIN SOIL (Typic Humisol ) Location - Occurs in very poorly drained depressional areas. The water table i s at or near the surface for most of the year. Texture - Humic Organic. Available Water Storage Capacity - 15 cm / meter. Irrigation Application Rate cm / hr. grass crop. - Annual Application cm cm / hr. cultivated crop. Drainage - Very poor - ditching and/or subsurface tile i s required for optimum water control. High water table during the winter i s required to prevent oxidation. Drain spacing should be 12 meters at 1.2 meter minimum depth. Fertilizer - Naturally fertile soils. May require additions of N, P & K for optimum crop growth. Very strongly acid. Suitability - With adequate water control and maintenance, a variety of crops such as vegetables, forage and blueberries can be grown. Urban and related uses are not recommended. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE L FISHERIES MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT i PARKS
10 MILL BAY SOIL (Duric Dystric Brunisol ) Location - Found 'below 100 meters in elevation on gently undulating mari ne 1 andscapes. Texture - S i l t loam over gravelly sandy loam. Available Water Storage Capacity cm / meter. Irrigation Application Rate cm / hr. grass crop cm / hr. cultivated crop. - Annual Application cm. Drainage - Moderately we1 1 to imperfectly drained. Some reasonably saturated subsoils at depth. A root restricting layer w i l l adversely affect deeply rooted crops, Drain spacing should be 15 meters at.9 meter depth in depressional area and 18 meters at.9 meters 'for all other crops. Erosion - Structure degradation and surface crusting can result when the soil i s exposed to heavy rain and/or cultivated when wet. As slope steepness and slope length increase, surface soil erosion potential w i l l increase. Winter cover crops are hi ghly recommended. Fertilizer - W i l l require lime. Supplemental N P K fertilizer i s requi red for various crops. Suitability - Variety of crops is possible with supplemental irrigation and fertil ization. High to moderate bearing strength, septic tank drainage impeded by cemented subsoils. PROVINCE OF BRITISH C0,LUMBIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FISHERIES
11 QUALICUM SOILS (Orthic Dystric Bruni sol ) Location - Developed on deep coarse-textured fluvial, fluvio glacial and marine deposits and are usually associated with major streams in the area. Texture - Very gravelly loamy sand. Avail able Water Storage Capacity cm / meter. Irrigation Application Rate cm / hr. grass crop cm / hr. cultivated crop. - Annual Application cm. Drainage - Rapidly drained. No supplemental drainage required. Fertilizer - Medium acid - may require lime for various perennial crops. Deficient in nitrogen and sulpllur. High gravel content and sandy textures, may present fertility 1 imitations. Suitability - With irrigation and supplemental fertilizer, soils are suitable for perennials, crops such as tree fruits. raspberries and grapes.. suitable for urban and related uses. PROVI'NCE OF,. BRITISH COLLIMBIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE-~~HERIES
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