Hazardous Materials. Lesson Goal. Lesson Objectives 9/10/2012

Transcription

1 Hazardous Materials Lesson Goal To aid recognition of hazardous materials and their dangers. Additional hazardous materials training is recommended Lesson Objectives List training levels for hazardous material responders Discuss the importance of hazmat identification Describe how a hazmat scene can be made safe 1

2 Lesson Objectives Discuss actions EMTs should take while waiting for properly trained personnel to arrive Discuss environmental hazards that affect EMS operations Discuss criteria that define a multiple casualty situation Lesson Objectives Discuss importance of determining number of victims, their location, and their injuries Explain the concept of incident command Discuss the importance of personal protective equipment and proper disposal of contaminated material Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of debriefing after an event 2

3 Introduction EMTs must be able to recognize hazardous materials incidents and maintain their own safety in order to provide patient care Hazmat Training Levels National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 472-Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents Hazmat awareness Hazmat operations Hazmat technician Hazmat specialist Hazmat Awareness Prepares initial responders to: Identify a hazmat situation Notify appropriate hazmat specialists Take precautions to isolate bystanders and rescuers from exposure to the suspected hazmat 3

4 Hazmat Operations Prepares initial responders to: Set up perimeters and safety zones while limiting exposure to suspected hazmat Hazmat Technician Prepares responders to: Stop release of and/or contain hazmat Hazmat Specialist Advanced level of training: Allows responder to provide command and support skills to a hazmat event 4

5 Hazmat Training Levels Operational features of NFPA standards have been adopted by the EPA & OSHA Basic component of standard requires all emergency medical personnel responding to a hazmat incident to be trained at minimum of the hazmat awareness level Elements of a Hazmat Response Scene safety Risk assessment Scene Safety Hazmat incidents pose unique risks to victims & responders Unplanned rescue attempts result in the EMT becoming another victim 5

6 Risk Assessment Continuous size-up is critical; conditions can change rapidly Locate & determine number of victims Analyze risk-benefit factors Risk Assessment Response is enhanced by preplanning Safety is paramount Never enter a contaminated area or contact a contaminated victim unless trained & equipped Incident Command Structure NIMS has become widely accepted EMS providers are primarily concerned with: Command Safety Hazmat Medical Rehabilitation/medical surveillance Control zones 6

7 Recognition & Identification of Hazmat Factors that should be considered: Nature of the call Occupancy Location Note the wind direction Approach a suspected contaminated area with the wind to your back and from higher ground Nature of the Call Are multiple victims reported? Does call involve fumes or an odor? Does call involve material on skin or in eyes of patient? Occupancy Does tenant at incident location suggest presence and use of hazmat? 7

8 Location Is incident in location that may indicate presence of potential hazmat? Agricultural area Industrial district Transportation center Scene Size-Up Hazmat placards or labels Vapors, smoke, fumes Flowing or pooled liquids Fire Dead livestock Multiple victims with medical emergencies Casualties for no apparent reason Containers from laboratory or biologic supply houses Sick and dying people and/or animals Dead animals, fish, birds, insects Unusual odors Unusual low-lying clouds Placards & Warning Labels The US DOT & the United Nations have an agreed-upon system 9 classes of hazards, each with its own placard color code and design 8

9 Hazard Classes Class 1: Explosives Class 2: Gas Class 3: Flammable liquid Class 4: Flammable solid Class 5: Oxidizer Class 6: Poison Class 7: Radioactive Class 8: Corrosive Class 9: Miscellaneous NFPA Placard Placards & Warning Labels 9

10 Emergency Response Guidebook Offers concise breakdown of hazard placard & label system 5 Sections White Yellow Blue Orange Green Other Hazmat Information Waybills (consists) Bills of lading Airbills Dangerous cargo manifests MSDS Risk Reduction Regional plan for hazmat response Interagency cooperation Command structure Victim decontamination Control zones 10

11 Control Zones Types of Victim Exposure Inhalation Ingestion Absorption Injection Types of Victim Exposure Consequences Thermal burns Frostbite Poisoning Chemical burns Asphyxiation Infectious disease Carcinogen exposure Radiation exposure 11

12 Response and Recovery Disposal or decontamination of contaminated materials Medical surveillance Postincident critique Summary EMTs must be trained to hazmat awareness level Dispatch information and scene size-up information must be considered for every call Know how to use the ERG Summary Sources of information about hazmat include: Transportation documents MSDS Placards Labels Be familiar with control areas of a hazmat incident 12