TITLE OF MODULE: Cell and Tissue Engineering MODULE NUMBER: BIO00009H. ORGANISER: Paul Genever SUBJECT COMMITTEE: COB.

Transcription

1 TITLE OF MODULE: Cell and Tissue Engineering MODULE NUMBER: BIO00009H ORGANISER: Paul Genever SUBJECT COMMITTEE: COB VERSION: Oct 2011 TERM TAUGHT: Spring 2013 PREREQUISITES: Stage 2 Cell biology module ASSESSMENT: Closed written examination. Mod Code Mod Name Cell and Tissue Engineering Level Stage 3 Credits 10 Owner Paul Genever Module type Compensatable Y Reassessable Y Module availability Occurrence 1 Terms taught Spring Assessment Information Sequence Assessment title Type Weight Final Assessment? 001 Closed Exam EXAM 100% Yes 1

2 SUMMARY: The module will explore how recent advances in cell and molecular biology have enabled us to engineer cells and tissues for specific purposes. For example, cells can be genetically, chemically and mechanically modified or reprogrammed to address specific biological questions. Tissues can be engineered to mimic living counterparts. It is anticipated that these approaches will lead to new cell-based therapies for age-related and degenerative conditions such as Parkinson s disease, cardiovascular disease, arthritis and bone disorders. The lectures will cover the sourcing and selection of cells, embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells and induced pluripotent (ips) cells, the principles of tissue engineering, molecular manipulation and gene therapy, biomaterials used to construct scaffolds, imaging, bioreactor design, scaling-up processes and clinical applications using specific cell and tissue types. AIMS: The aims of this module are to provide an overview of current and future cell and tissue engineering approaches that may be used to treat disease conditions, focusing on age-related degenerative disorders. LEARNING OUTCOMES: By the end of this module, a student should be able to: Provide an overview of cell and tissue engineering applications and their use in current and future therapies, giving specific examples in hard and soft tissue engineering. Explain how to isolate and maintain different cell types and the use of different culture techniques. Describe how cells and cellular components may be modified by mechanical, chemical and genetic engineering. Give examples of different scaffold materials, describe their properties and suitability for cell support and explain how they are manufactured. Explain advanced bioengineering strategies, including the use of computer-aided design, custom-built biomaterials, micro/nano-patterning and smart scaffolds. Discuss way in which cell performance may be monitored using imaging, bioreporters and fluorescent indicators. Describe the challenges and opportunities for the commercialisation of cell and tissue engineering, from bench to bedside. 2

3 SYNOPSIS: Lectures 1-9 will cover the following: 1. Introduction to cell and tissue engineering. Clinical need and potential. Cells: Comparison of different cell types, organisation, function, anchoragedependence. Autologous and allogeneic cells. Cell culture techniques, growth environments, cell lines, primary cultures, embryonic and adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, differentiation. 2D and 3D culture. Co-cultures, expansion techniques, bioreactors. 2. Cell Engineering. Definition of cell engineering; mechanical, chemical and genetic engineering of cells. Engineering different components of the cell. Gene therapy. 3. Biomaterials. Overview of the different classes of materials that may be used as cell support structures. Natural and synthetic polymers, ceramics and glasses, hydrogels. Properties, structure and function, degradation. Relationship to host ECM. 4. Bioengineering scaffolds. Engineering approaches, CAD-CAM technology for custom-fit applications. Rapid prototyping, 3D printing, micro- and nanopatterning, gene-activated matrices. 5. Imaging. Bioreporters, monitoring the status of the cell in real-time, multiphoton microscopy and 4D imaging. Analysis of heterotypic cell-cellinteractions. 6. Tissue engineering. General principles and considerations. Generating 3D tissue replacements. Production of vascularised constructs. Bioreactors, microcarriers. In situ tissue engineering. Pre-clinical testing. 7. Skeletal tissue engineering. Approaches to engineer bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament and marrow tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells and differentiation stimuli, appropriate support scaffolds, in vivo models, clinical applications. 8. Bladder tissue engineering. Introduction to the bladder and urothelium. Current approaches to bladder failure and tissue engineering solutions. Cell types and support matrices used. In vivo models, clinical applications. 9. Commercialising engineered tissues. Bench-to-bedside, scale-up, regulatory issues, safety and ethical considerations. GMP and clinical trials. Challenges and future prospects. Q&A session. Revision of lecture material. 3

4 RECOMMENDED READING: To follow. LECTURERS AND ORGANISATION: Dr. Paul Genever (lectures, 1-4, 6, 7, 9) Dr. Mark Coles (lecture 5) Prof. Jenny Southgate (lecture 8) MAXIMUM NUMBERS: Limited only by size of lecture theatre. STUDENT WORKLOAD: Please enter students workload totalling 100 hours per 10 credit module Lectures: 9 Practicals: 0 Tutorials: 0 Other contact (specify): 0 Total Contact hours: 9 or more Private study: Up to 91 4

5 5 STAFF TEACHING COMMITMENTS: Please enter the total number of sessions attended by each staff member: Staff initials PG MC JS Lecture sess Practical sess. Other (specify) SAFETY AND TIMETABLING INFORMATION: Please fill in an entry in the table below for each teaching session in the module. Where possible group sessions that have identical entries in all columns. A key below explains the column headings. Sess. Typ Occ. Haz. Max. Equipment Lecturers Description 1-9 e L 1 A - - PG, MC, JS Lectures KEY: Sess: session number or group of sessions (e.g. 6, 8-13). Type: Type & Duration; L 1 hr-lecture, P 3 hr-practical class, S 1 hr-seminar, T 1 hr tutorial. Specify non-standard type or duration. Occ.: number of occurrences of the session (e.g. 3 occurrences, each taking one third of the class). Haz.: hazard rating: A, low hazard, lectures, 'paper & pencil' problem sessions, etc; B, medium hazard, observational practicals where students move about but are not involved in C category activities; C, high hazard, practicals involving potential hazard in overcrowded laboratories, e.g. naked flames, hot liquids, glassware, pipetting. Max.: maximum number of students permitted in session, which may be less than the maximum number taking the module in, for example, a circus practical (see maximum room capacities above). Equipment: essential equipment in limited supply: M microscopes, D dissecting microscopes, C computers, S spectrophotometers, Ch chart recorders, H haemocytometers, Cm microcentrifuges, Cc cooled centrifuges, Cb bench centrifuges, G Gilson pipettes, specify other items. Lecturers: the initials of the lecturers participating in the session. Description: a brief description of the session(s).