ADsorption chiller technology. for energy efficient low carbon, sustainable solutions
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1 ADsorption chiller technology for energy efficient low carbon, sustainable solutions
2 ADsorption chiller technology Serious concerns for the environment have focused everyone s attention on the future of our planet. Whether you re a major retailer, manufacturer, hospital, local authority or commercial organisation, the race is on to reduce energy costs, cut carbon emissions and help protect the environment. Almost all modern facilities use energy to generate the power required for lighting, IT, cooling, refrigeration and other building services. The resultant fuel costs and levels of CO 2 produced can be staggering - not to mention the impact on global warming. Introducing ADsorption chiller technology Efficient energy conservation can be achieved by using available waste heat from an ADsorption chiller for various applications as part of a trigeneration system. Most trigeneration systems currently use absorption chillers but in these modern challenging times there is a far better alternative: the ADsorption chiller. ADsorption technology is the way forward in waste heat utilisation. It offers a highly reliable, efficient solution that takes waste heat from the cogeneration process to operate the chiller. Not only does an ADsorption chiller provide continuous operation with remarkable efficiency, it is also safer for the environment and offers much lower life cycle costs.
3 The significant benefits of ADsorption chillers have been realised throughout the world in recent years with successful applications in the USA, Japan and Europe. The ADsorption chiller offers huge energy and carbon saving potential, not only within a trigeneration application (i.e. combined cooling, heating and power) but also in any application where an abundance of waste heat is produced and a requirement for cooling or refrigeration exists. ADsorption chillers are also ideal for solar thermal applications and can also be used alongside district heating systems. Designed to operate 24/7, ADsorption chillers are programmed by controller sensors, ensuring they operate at high efficiency even with variable loads. The ADsorption chiller produces chilled water in only seven minutes from start-up, which can then be used for cooling, refrigeration or heat rejection. the energy efficient solution Maximised output with minimised impact and lower costs The ADsorption chiller is an exciting addition to Weatherite s range of energy efficient air conditioning equipment. As the only company in Europe with sole manufacturing rights, Weatherite has the expertise, skill and resource to provide high energy efficient, environmentally friendly solutions to suit our clients needs.
4 The way forwar What is an An ADsorption chiller is a highly reliable, efficient solution that takes waste heat to produce chilled water, which in turn can be used for cooling and linked into refrigeration applications. ADsorption technology produces chilled water down to as low as 3º C as required, making it ideal for any application with a high cooling demand such as process cooling, supermarkets and data centres. The ADsorption chiller is also ideal for solar thermal cooling applications. ADsorption chiller? Minimal maintenance Because the ADsorption chiller operates on such a simple process, the downtime is minimal and maintenance is kept to an absolute minimum too. Simplicity of operation makes the chiller extremely reliable and safe, with low operating costs. There are no hazardous substances such as lithium bromide or ammonia within the chiller. Instead, it uses a natural substance, silica gel plus water as a refrigerant, making the whole process highly environmentally friendly. The ADsorption chiller can operate efficiently with a lower heat source, thereby delivering cooling solutions to a wider range of applications. It also has the ability to operate at low temperatures (down to 3ºC) and within a wide range of temperatures from 50ºC to 90ºC. Even with a flat performance curve, the chiller still provides 90% capacity at 70ºC hot water input.
5 d in waste heat utilisation Waste heat recovery The chiller can be used in applications where there is a waste heat source, for example heat recovery off a process or via a co-generation process. The highly efficient chiller offers exceptional cooling capabilities and uses water as its cooling agent, so it s highly environmentally friendly. The water evaporates in a vacuum and thereby extracts heat from its surroundings (evaporating-energy). Through this process, cooling takes place. Non-hazardous With water as refrigerant, any pipework or valve work can be undertaken easily as there are no hazardous substances such as lithium bromide or ammonia. The chiller has a life expectancy of years and end of life disposal is simple as the chiller is almost fully recyclable and has no hazardous refrigerants to dispose of. There are no high voltage motors or large compressors and no external temperature controls are required for capacity control or to protect the chiller. Case Study Swindon The Solution The objective was to design, manufacture and deliver a fully packaged integrated solution built off-site, to minimise on-site disruption and costs, which would deliver substantial energy savings and also reduce harmful, damaging carbon emissions. This was achieved by maximising the use of the available waste heat generated by the integral (CHP) power engines and using this waste heat to drive the ADsorption chiller. Background Tesco has made the reduction of its carbon footprint a major business driver and plans to halve the carbon footprint of its existing operations by As part of this commitment, Tesco identified a number of stores where a trigeneration plantroom, incorporating ADsorption chiller technology, could be trialed. The Swindon outlet was selected as one of the trial applications. Tesco chose Weatherite as part of the delivery team because of its expertise in delivering energy efficient engineering solutions and its understanding of the ADsorption chiller technology. Through the adsorption process the ADsorption chiller provides the store s chilled water for the air conditioning system and, as necessary, linking into the store s refrigeration system. The trigeneration plantroom, incorporating the ADsorption chiller, was designed to provide outputs of 600kw electricity, 900kw thermal heating load at 90ºC flow / 85ºC return and 529kw thermal cooling load of chilled water at 6ºC flow / 11ºC return. The localised generation of electricity via the power engines within the plantroom now provides the store with up to 100% of its electricity demand and, by incorporating the ADsorption chiller within the design, the stores CO 2 emission s are reduced in excess of 20%.
6 The operating principle The ADsorption chiller works on a proven and simple design principle. It consists of four chambers: The evaporator located at the bottom of the machine The condenser at the top of the machine Two central ADsorption chambers The two central ADsorption chambers contain heat exchangers packed with silica, with a valve between them to allow vapour pressure equalization. Between each central ADsorption chamber and the evaporator and condenser chambers, valves allow the transfer of vapour when there is sufficient pressure differential There are three water sources Waste hot water from the cogeneration process alternates between the two central ADsorption heat exchangers and drives out the moisture previously adsorbed by the silica. The evaporator is fed by a constant flow of chilled water return and supply. The cooling water supplies the condenser section and alternates between the two ADsorption heat exchangers. The cooling water is pumped to a remote heat rejection system. (Cooling tower, adiabatic cooler, low grade heat reclaim, etc). Simple, safe,
7 to the chiller: The water flow is directed to the specific areas of the chiller by control valves which are automatically sequenced by the chiller s on board controller. The charge of refrigerant (water) within the chiller is circulated around the chambers by means of vapour pressure differential and a gravity drain from the condenser section where it has been condensed from a vapour to a liquid. The drained water is collected at the bottom of the machine and pumped into a distribution header which sprays the fluid over the evaporator heat exchanger. This section is at lower pressure and the water fluid evaporates when in contact with the heat exchanger and in doing so absorbs heat from the evaporator tube bundle, providing a chilling effect to the water within. One complete cycle takes around seven minutes and capacity control is achieved by shortening the cycle time. Cooling water out Hot water out Hot water in Chilled water out ADsorption Heat Exchanger Condenser Evaporator ADsorption Heat Exchanger Cooling water out Chilled water in ADsorption Chiller Schematic Cooling water in low-cost operation and maintenance In comparison to conventional air conditioning and refrigeration, ADsorption chiller technology can deliver a substantial reduction in both primary energy consumption and carbon emissions. The ADsoption chiller can operate efficiently with a lower heat source thereby delivering cooling solutions to a wider range of applications. Because the ADsorption chiller uses such a simple process, the downtime is minimal and maintenance is also kept to an absolute minimum. The are no hazardous substances within the chiller (i.e. lithium bromide or ammonia); it uses silica gel (a natural substance) and water as a refrigerant. Therefore, the whole process is highly environmentally friendly - right through to end of life disposal.
8 Weatherite Proven expertise from a leading manufacturer As part of the Kyoto protocol, the UK Government is committed to substantially reduce the nation s CO 2 emissions over the next ten years. Many of the Uk s leading businesses have also outlined their commitment to cutting their energy consumption and carbon footprint. The world is following suit, as globally, organisations seek environmentally friendly solutions to their energy usage. Weatherite is leading the way in delivering energy saving, environmentally friendly solutions using the latest ADsorption chiller technology. As well as design expertise, Weatherite has the ability to manufacture large-scale trigeneration plantrooms within a clean and efficient manufacturing facility before they are delivered and installed on site. This approach offers excellent cost saving benefits and ensures on site disruption is kept to an absolute minimum. ADsorption chiller technology can significantly contribute towards a greener, energy efficient environment. The Weatherite Group Weatherite Manufacturing Ltd is part of the Weatherite Group, one of the UK s leading HVAC and Building Services organisations. l Weatherite Manufacturing Ltd l Weatherite Building Services Ltd l Weatherite Service and Maintenance Ltd l Weatherite Electrical Ltd l Weatherite Shopfronts and Shutters Ltd Weatherite Manufacturing Limited Weatherite House, Credenda Road, West Bromwich, West Midlands B70 7JE England T F E wmlsales@weatheriteroup.com
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