Amur Tiger and Prey in Jilin Hunchun National Nature Reserve China
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1 Chinese Journal of Zoology ~ 5 3 * WCS Panthera tigris altaica 009 ~ 00 8 km 3 / km Cervus elaphus Capreolus pygargus Cervus nippon 0. Sus scrofa / km Q A Amur Tiger and Prey in Jilin Hunchun National Nature Reserve China CHEN Jiu-Yi Nasendelger SUN Quan-Hui ZHANG Li-Jia TANG Ji-Rong LANG Jian-Min 3 LIU Tong LIU Kun-Peng XIAO Wen-Hong BAO Wei-Dong * College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing Hunchun Office WCS China Program Hunchun Jilin Jilin Hunchun Nature Reserve Administration Hunchun Jilin China Abstract The Amur Tiger Panthera tigris altaica is critically endangered and there is no confirmed viable population in China. In the winter of we conducted a field survey in and surrounding the area of Hunchun Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve using line transect method. There are 3 tigers male and female at least found in the surveyed area of 8 km in size and they are transient individuals between China and Russian border. The relative density of ungulate prey is for Red Deer Cervus elaphus for Roe Deer Capreolus pygargus 0. for Sika Deer Cervus nippon and for wild Boar Sus scrofa by tracks / km or by individial / km respectively. These values are much lower than those No. 008BADB0B0 * wdbao@ bjfu. edu. cn cjy986090@ 63. com
2 47 in Russia. Poaching ungulate and habitat fragmentation by human activities such as small villages attached with cropland patches frog breeding farms seasonal logging collection of wild plants and cattle grazing were the main reasons for tiger number and ungulate prey declining. Logging ban around the nature reserve controlling human activity at frog breeding farms enforcing punishment on poaching and limiting cattle grazing ranges as soon as possible are fundamental ways to rehabilitate tiger habitat and protect ungulate prey. Key words Line transects Amur Tiger Ungulate prey Human disturbance Conservation strategy Panthera tigris altaica P. pardus orientalis ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ 4 6 ~ ~ 000 ~ ~ ~ 3 5 ~ km ~ Sus scrofa Capreolus pygargus hm hm Cervus elaphus. 5 / km hm hm ~ ~ 4 Cervus nippon 009 ~ hm WCS
3 48 Chinese Journal of Zoology 46 Meles meles Nyctereutes procyonoides Vulpes vulpes Lepus mandshuricus 5 Fig. Location of Hunchun National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province 00 Graphic is based on the Jilin Amur Tiger Conservation Action Plan by Wildlife Conservation Society of Jilin Province 00 with revision. 009 DNA 00 WCS 500 m Pinus koraiensis 36 9 km 4 00 d 7-8 FMP Formozov-Malyshev- Pereleshin formula 6
4 49 < 4 h FMP D = πx sl x s l 6 DNA / km % = i / 00% WCS ~ km. 74 km 8 km ~ 00 Table Number of Amur Tigers at Hunchun Nature Reserve in winter of Date - - No. Year-Month- Date Location GPS Pad width of Individual front paw Others estimates cm ind N Madida Qulvgou E ± 0. 5 n = 9 Fresh track and scat N Madida Qulvgou E ± 0. 6 n = 6 Fresh track Chunhua Xiangfangzi N E30 53 Old vomits there N Madida Nanbieli E Old N Qinglongtai Caomaodonggou E Fresh track ~
5 50 Chinese Journal of Zoology cm ~ 005 Ungulate prey 009 ~ 00 Fig. Encounter rates of the frequency of ungulate tracks at Hunchun Nature Reserve in the winter of ~ 00 Table Density of ungulate prey at Hunchun Nature Reserve in the winter of / km Relative / km Relative density Fresh tracks abundance Average density Tracks / km % ind / km sampling line / km Density range ind / km Capreolus pygargus ~ Cervus elaphus ~ 0. 6 C. nippon ~ 0. 3 ⅠSus scrofaⅠ ~ ⅡS. scrofaⅡ ~ Ⅰ - Ⅱ - - I as Mongolian Oak and Birch forest Ⅱ as Korean pine and Spruce mixed forest. 004 ~ / km / km 0. 5 / km / km / km ~
6 / km cm ~ 00 WCS 009 ~ Eric D Colby L Eric W. The fate of wild tigers. BioScience Chundawat R S Habib B Karanth U et al. Panthera tigris IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Switzerland and Cambridge UK Gland 009. http www. iucnredlist. org. East Wildlife Fund Program Miquelle D G Pikunov D G Dunishenko Y M et al. A Survey of Amur Siberian Tigers in the Russian Far Wildlife Conservation Society World 5 Miquelle D G. A Monitoring Program for the Amur Tiger Twelve-year Report WCS Russian Far East
7 5 Chinese Journal of Zoology Numbers distribution and habitat status of the Amur tiger in the Russian Far East Express-report Russian Far.. East Environmental Policy and Technology Project. Final report to the USAID Li Z X Zimmermann F Hebblewhite M et al. Study on the Potential Tiger Habitat in the Changbaishan Area. Beijing China Forestry Publishing House Nowell K Jackson P. Wild Cats Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. Cambridge IUCN Publication 5. Services Unit Karanth K U Stith B M. Prey depletion as a critical 6 Stephens P A Zaumyslova O Y Miquelle D G et al. Analysis of the long-term dynamics of ungulates in Sikhote- Alin Reserve Russian Far East. A report to the Sikhote- Alin Zapovednik and USDA Forest Service USA Laramie University of Wyoming Yudakov A G Nikolaev I G. Ecology of the Amur Tiger. Winter Observations during in the Western Section of Central Sikhote-Alin. Moscow Nauka Press 8 Matyushkin E N Pikunov D G Dunishenko Y M determinant of tiger population viability Seidenstieker J Christie S Jackson P. Riding the Tiger. Cambridge Cambridge University Press Miquelle D G Nikolaev I G Goodrich J. Searching for the co-existence recipe A case study of conflicts between people and tigers in the Russian Far East Woodruffe R Thirgood S. People and Wildlife Conflict or Co-existence Cambridge Cambridge University Press
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