Using Alternative Energy Sources of Wind and Solar to Biosparge Groundwater
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1 19 th International Petroleum Environmental Conference Bioremediation of Groundwater and Soils I Wednesday, October 31, 2012 Morning Session Using Alternative Energy Sources of Wind and Solar to Biosparge Groundwater
2 Outline Technology Overview Applicability and Feasibility Screening Considerations Windmill Aerators Solar Power System Case Study Site Overview Comparison of Treatment Alternatives Overview of Windmill Biosparge Installation Performance Data Closing Thoughts Presenter Contact Info: Bill Zahniser, P.E. Highlands Ranch, CO November ARCADIS
3 Technology Overview
4 Application and Feasibility Applications Remote locations Where electrical power service or supplemental fuel sources may be cost prohibitive Upstream production well sites, tank batteries, remote spill sites, etc. Impacted groundwater Where soil sources have been addressed Absence of LNAPL Low to moderate hydrocarbon concentrations Oxygen depleted, anaerobic conditions Monitored natural attenuation (MNA) enhancement Feasibility Considerations Windmill Compressor Sustainable high average wind speed Solar Powered Control Panel Recommended for multiple well system Ability to achieve high sun exposure Sites where groundwater is treatable via air or bio-sparging application Sands and gravels, minimal silts and clays Significantly secondary porosity features Relatively low injection pressures Shallow groundwater table Saturated thickness treatment interval less than 20 feet Low to moderate formation entry pressures Minimal fugitive vapor concerns No SVE capture of sparged vapors required 4 11 November ARCADIS
5 Screening Considerations Need average wind speeds > 2 m/s (4 to 5 mph) Generally less of a threshold feasibility concern High level winds generally correlate to ground level conditions Solar intensity will factor into the size of the solar collector system Site specific assessment may be necessary 5 11 November ARCADIS
6 Windmill Aerator Example Specifications Benefits Outdoor Water Solutions windmill aerator capable of flows up to 4.5 cubic feet per minute (cfm) Pressure rating capable up to 30 pounds per square inch (psi) BalCam crank technology minimizes drag Compression by single diaphragm pump Turbine head will turn out in high winds Readily available on the market Low cost, easily assembled, minimal O&M $ each Diaphragm rebuild kits <$100 (every 6-24 months) Windmill Aerator Wind Speed vs Flow Chart 6 11 November ARCADIS
7 Solar Power System Power System Overview 12 Volt DC powered system, capable of 24 hour operation with backup battery Solar panel sized for continuous usage Charging controller provides voltage, current, and temperature outputs Regulates power distribution and charging Solar Requirements Site area needs adequate sun exposure Less available direct sun exposure requires more solar panels and greater battery backup capacity Seasonal adjustment of solar panel relative to site location will optimize effectiveness Weather Station PV Solar Panel Flow Control Panel Charging Controller 7 11 November ARCADIS
8 Site Location Case Study Overview
9 Site Overview Benzene Distribution in Groundwater 19 A North 5 ppb 50 ppb Located on BLM Land within the Green River Basin Active natural gas wellhead location facility with limited operations Environmental liability and site ownership are separate There is no active site power available or in close proximity Former Source Area A Condensate impacts to groundwater from historical dehydration system sump Sump and Impacted soils have been removed ISCO previously attempted by others Hydrogeology Residual mass is adsorbed in coal seam Groundwater flow dominated by secondary porosity in coal seam fractures/cleats Relatively shallow with thin saturated interval Minimal injection pressure required to initiate flow (2-3 psi) A A Sands and minor clay deposits overlying thin weathered shale lens and prevalent coal seam followed by competent shale 9 11 November ARCADIS
10 Comparison of Sparging Alternatives Equipment Alternative Windmill Aerator with Solar Controls 3 OWS windmills, 12 cfm total, 50% run-time, serviced quarterly Solar Powered Aerators 5 Solaer aerators, 8 cfm total, 2 x 123W Solar Panels, 80% run-time, serviced quarterly Biosparge Compressor Alternatives 7.5HP, 200 cfm, 20KW load Natural Gas 150,000 BTU/hr required, direct feed from wellhead, 1,000 BTU/cf of gas, $3.50/MMBTU, serviced 2x/month Propane 150,000 BTU/hr required, 6 x 420lb cylinders, 92,000 BTU/gal, $2.50/gal, refueled and serviced 2x/month Diesel 1.5 gal/hr required, 550 gal AST, $4.00/gal, refueled 2x/month, serviced monthly Capital Cost Installation and Operating Costs Monthly Fuel Cost Annual O&M Cost Total Annual Cost Annual Treatment Expectations lbs of O2 Delivered $/lb O2 Delivered $20,000 $0 $7,600 $7,600 59,000 $0.13 $75,000 $0 $7,600 $7,600 62,900 $0.12 $110,000 $400 $57,200 $62,000 1,966,000 $0.03 $100,000 $3,500 $46,800 $88,800 1,966,000 $0.05 $90,000 $5,000 $18,000 $78,000 1,966,000 $ November ARCADIS
11 Windmill Biosparge Application Installation Overview Three windmill aerators 12 biosparge wells One flow control cabinet with distribution manifold Solar powered control valves with battery back up November ARCADIS
12 Flow Control Panel Operations Air is pulsed via windmill aerators to system distribution manifold Two 12 volt DC powered solenoids control air distribution to isolated manifolds 2 manifold zones, each contains 6 separate laterals Each lateral is connected to a sparge well Flow meter, flow control valve, pressure and temperature gauges Weather station to log wind speeds and other atmospheric data Design Considerations Solenoid valves wired in normally open position Programmable timers to adjust cycle/pulse durations Manifold was built with brass to accommodate liquid oxygen amendment into air process stream System can accommodate more wells November ARCADIS
13 Performance Overview Air Delivery Capabilities Need minimum of 4.5 mph to generate flow Wind speed data indicates it exceeds 4.5 mph approx. 54% of the time When > 4.5 mph, the average wind speed was 10.7 mph At 10.7 mph, estimated flow of 2.6 cfm per windmill, 7.8 cfm total (3 windmills) Mass Considerations 7.8 cfm equates to approximately 0.15 lbs of O 2 /min At 54% run-time: 41,400 lbs O 2 available per year Assuming 1% GW transfer efficiency: 414 lbs O 2 supplied to groundwater Assuming Approx. 4lbO 2 required to degrade 1lb of hydrocarbons: 100 lbs of Hydrocarbon Mass (C 6 H 14 ) treated per year November ARCADIS Speed (mph) Windmill Flow Rate (CFM) Recorded Wind Speed Data Sept 2011 thru Sept 2012 Wind Speed > 4.5 mph 54% of the time 9/21/2011 Wind Speed 10/21/ /20/2011 Minimum 12/21/2011 Operating Threshold 1/20/2012 2/20/2012 Average Wind 3/21/2012 Speed When 4/21/2012 Operating Flow Output from OWS Windmill Compressors Individual & Combined Windmill Air Flow Rates at 0.5 PSI Average Wind Speed when > 4.5 mph (54% of the time) Wind Speed (MPH)
14 Closing thoughts Regarding the technology Regarding the case study Relatively niche application Remediation is ongoing Low cost biostimulation enhancement Other forced-air system, power supply options are available While more reliable, these alternatives are more costly Consider lifecycle costs, cleanup objectives, schedule, and risk when comparing the alternatives Recommend incorporating flexibility and adaptability into the design Heterotrophic plate counts from treatment area are higher Benzene plume stable, with localized, shortterm declines in concentration Significant amount of adsorbed phase mass remains Still considering future enhancements Optimization of pulsing strategy (bulk water mixing) Pulsing is key to overcoming rate of diffusion limitations and enhancing radius of influence Additional wells (concentrated hot spot treatment) Additional windmills (higher flow rates) Liquid oxygen amendment (higher O 2 content) November ARCADIS
15 Questions or Comments? November ARCADIS
16 Imagine the result November ARCADIS
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