Soil Field Capacity Calculation Using the van Genuchten Model for Irrigation Scheduling and Drought Resilience

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1 Soil Field Capacity Calculation Using the van Genuchten Model for Irrigation Scheduling and Drought Resilience Xi Liang 1,2, Vasilis Liakos 1, George Vellidis 1 1. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton GA Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Center, Aberdeen, ID

2 2

3 Introduction Soil water characteristics, e.g., field capacity, soil water tension at FC, and permanent wilting point Soil water release processes 3

4 Objectives To propose a new method of calculating field capacity from the van Genuchten Model To evaluate the irrigation scheduling generated from van Genuchten Model and compare the results with those from water balance equation 4

5 Objective 1. Calculating Parameters of Soil Water Status Using van Genuchten Model Methods - Assumption 1 Soil water content at the inflection point of the van Genuchten Model is assumed to be the situation of texturedominant pores (large and small) filled with water. Reynolds, et al Use of indicators and pore volume-function characteristics to quantify soil physical quality. Geoderma 152: van Genuchten, M.T A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44:

6 Methods - Assumption 2 Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil Soil water: Characteristics and behavior. p In The nature and properties of soils. 14th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey and Ohio. Zotarelli, et al Interpretation of soil moisture content to determine soil field capacity and avoid over-irrigating sandy soils using soil moisture sensors. Rep. AE460. Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 6

7 7

8 Results and Discussion Field capacity (FC, cm 3 cm -3 ), soil water tension at FC (SWT, kpa), permanent wilting point (PWP, cm 3 cm -3 ), and available water content (AWC, cm 3 cm -3 ) at depths of 15/30 inch of soil series of Tift County, GA Sand Loamy sand Sandy loam Sandy clay loam Alapaha Fuquay Troup Pelham Leefield Tifton Clarendon Dothan Carnegie FC.12/.12.14/.14.13/.13.13/.13.14/.15.18/.23.18/.22.16/.23.20/.26 SWT 5/5 6/6 5/5 6/ /6.5 10/15 9/14 8/15 13/17 PWP.05/.05.05/.05.05/.05.04/.04.04/.04.05/.08.05/.08.05/.09.07/.13 AWC.07/.07.09/.10.08/.08.09/.08.10/.11.12/.13.13/.14.12/.14.13/.12 AWC measured by soil samples from field was cm 3 cm -3 in two Florida sandy soils using FC at alternative soil water tension of -5~-8 kpa (Obreza et al., 1998). AWC in a sandy soil was 0.08 cm 3 cm -3 at soil water tension of -5 kpa (Morgan et al., 2001). 8

9 Results and Discussion 9

10 Objective 2. Irrigation Scheduling Using van Genuchten Model Irrigation needed to bring back to FC (inch) at depths of 15/30 inch Sand Loamy sand Sandy loam Sandy clay loam SWT Alapaha Fuquay Troup Pelham Leefield Tifton Clarendon Dothan Carnegie 0 (kpa) / / / / / /0 0.1/0 0.2/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /2.5 Water holding capacity 1.0/ / / / / / / / /3.7 10

11 Evaluation h 1 h 2 Smart-Sensor-Array.pdf 11

12 Evaluation /2006/ _effective_irrigation_soil_water_balance.htm Assuming no runoff or drainage Precipitation: rain gauge in the field or close meteorological stations Irrigation: records of amounts and dates ET: calculated on a daily basis in cotton fields (data from Dr. Vasilis Liakos) 12

13 Results 13

14 Conclusions Reliable calculatioin of FC from van Genuchten Model Use of van Genuchten Model in irrigation scheduling FC, SWT at FC, and PWP Soil water release processes 14

15 Future work To calibrate the irrigation scheduling To simplify the procedure by soil texture To input the information into precision irrigation systems. 15

16 Acknowledgement The work was funded through grants awarded to the Southeast Climate Consortium Southeast Climate Extension project funded by USDA-NIFA NOAA s Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) Program We gratefully acknowledge Mr. Michael Tucker, Mr. Herman Henry, and Mr. Rodney Hill for installing and maintaining the sensor network. 16

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