Provincial Exam Questions. 27. Which of the following engulf foreign substances in the blood?

Transcription

1 Provincial Exam Questions Unit: Human Anatomy, Circulatory (C3,4,5,6,&7) 2010 Jan 26. The vessel shown above is A. a vein. B. a venule. C. an artery. D. a capillary. 27. Which of the following engulf foreign substances in the blood? A. platelets B. antibodies C. red blood cells D. white blood cells 28. Which vessel transports blood between the liver and the posterior vena cava? A. renal artery B. hepatic vein C. mesenteric vein D. hepatic portal vein 1

2 29. The function of structures X and Y is to A. control the heart rate. B. prevent the backflow of blood. C. prevent the semilunar valves from inverting. D. delay the impulse from the AV node until the atria have contracted. 30. A function of this type of blood vessel is to carry blood from the A. liver to the heart. B. heart to the lungs. C. fetus to the placenta. D. aorta to the intestines. 2

3 31. X indicates a capillary bed in which structure? A. the eye B. the arm C. the lung D. the kidney 3

4 32. Which area of the graph displays the conditions in the iliac artery? 33. Excess tissue fluid is reabsorbed by the A. subclavian veins. B. lymph capillaries. C. hepatic portal vein. D. posterior vena cava. 34. Which of the following occurs at the arterial end of a capillary bed in a muscle? A. Plasma proteins enter the tissues. B. Blood pressure forces fluid to enter the tissues. C. Carbon dioxide and glucose enter the bloodstream. D. Osmotic pressure causes water to move into the blood. 35. After blood is forced in the direction shown by the arrows, what is the next event in the cardiac cycle? A. closing of the semilunar valves B. generation of a nerve impulse by the sinoatrial (SA) node C. generation of a nerve impulse by the atrioventricular (AV) node D. opening of the atrioventricular (AV) valves by the chordae tendineae 2009 Sample 4

5 19. What blood vessels have thin, permeable walls? A. veins B. venules C. arterioles D. capillaries 20. What structure prevents blood from moving back into the left ventricle? A. the cardiac sphincter B. the chordae tendineae C. the atrioventricular valve D. the aortic semilunar valve 21. The graph shows changes in blood pressure in the aorta over time. Which letter would indicate when ventricular systole is occurring? 2009 June 5

6 2. Explain how the structure of blood vessels X and Y are well-suited to their function. (4 marks: 2 marks each) 39. Structure X indicates A. a pulmonary vein. B. the pulmonary trunk. C. the chordae tendineae. D. the anterior vena cava. 6

7 40. Which of these vessels is involved in the process of internal respiration? 7

8 41. Which structure is indicated by X? A. the jugular vein B. the coronary vein C. the subclavian vein D. the anterior vena cava 42. Which of the following is required to initiate blood clotting? A. platelets B. antibodies C. red blood cells D. white blood cells 43. A red blood cell leaves the right ventricle, moves through the circulatory system and arrives in the anterior vena cava. The sequence of organs through which this cell moved is A. lungs! brain! heart. B. lungs! heart! brain. 8

9 C. heart! brain! lungs. D. heart! lungs! kidney. 44. Which of these are a part of the immune system? and X B. W, Y and Z C. W and Z D. X and Y 45. Which of the following characteristics is not true of both the posterior vena cava and a lymph vein? A. Both have internal valves. B. Both carry fluids low in oxygen. C. Both remove fluids from the tissues. D. Both carry fluids directly to the right atrium. 46. In fetal circulation, which of the following vessels carries blood with the highest concentration of oxyhemoglobin? A. the aorta B. the umbilical vein C. the umbilical artery D. the anterior vena cava 47. Which of the following occurs at the venous end of a capillary bed in a muscle? A. Plasma proteins leave the bloodstream. B. Carbon dioxide and glucose enter the bloodstream. C. Blood pressure forces water to move into the tissues. D. Osmotic pressure causes water to move into the blood Aug 9

10 3. (4 marks) Compare the chemical composition of the blood in the umbilical artery with the blood in the umbilical vein. One mark will be given for each valid comparison. 33. Which of the following is a function of a vein? A. to carry oxygenated blood away from the lungs B. to carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the stomach C. to carry deoxygenated blood away from the right atrium D. to carry deoxygenated blood from the iliac artery to the leg 34. What type of blood vessels are found at X? A. arteries B. venules C. arterioles D. capillaries 10

11 35. Which diagram best illustrates the vessel labelled X? 36. What blood vessels carry blood to and from the intestines? A. the iliac artery and the iliac vein B. the carotid artery and the jugular vein C. the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic vein D. the mesenteric artery and the hepatic portal vein 11

12 37. Which of the following describes the path that blood takes as it moves into the systemic circulation? A. U! W! Z B. V! U! W C. V! U! X D. Y! Z! W 38. What blood vessel carries blood from the fetus to the placenta? A. arterial duct B. umbilical vein C. umbilical artery D. posterior vena cava 39. Which of the following engulf disease-causing bacteria? A. the platelets B. the bone marrow C. the red blood cells D. the white blood cells 12

13 40. These structures function to A. clot blood and fight infection. B. carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. C. carry carbon dioxide and engulf bacteria. D. transport hydrogen ions and provide disease immunity. 41. Which of the indicated structures initiates blood clotting? 2007 Aug 3. (4 marks) Describe the differences in the chemical composition of the blood as it moves from X to Y. 13

14 35. Where could the structure shown above be located? A. in the aorta B. in a lymph vein C. in a renal capillary D. in an umbilical artery 36. Which arrow indicates the subclavian artery? 14

15 37. At which point would the highest blood pressure be measured? 38. Which of the following best describes the structure labelled X? A. a vein which carries blood rich in glucose B. a vein which carries oxygenated blood to the heart C. an arteriole which carries blood to the small intestine D. an artery which carries nutrients to the rest of the body 39. In which structure does blood contain the greatest concentration of oxyhemoglobin? A. the aorta B. the right atrium C. the pulmonary artery D. the anterior vena cava 15

16 40. Which of the indicated blood components contains reduced hemoglobin (HHb)? 41. Which of the indicated blood components initiates blood clotting? 42. Where are the chordae tendineae found? A. in the atria B. in the ventricles C. in the coronary arteries D. in the semilunar valves 43. A person s blood pressure reading is measured at 150/80. Which of the following is greater than normal? A. systolic pressure B. diameter of veins C. diastolic pressure D. capillary diameter 16

17 2006 Aug 3. How is the structure of an arteriole related to its function? (4 marks) 36. The structures above supply blood to the digestive system. At which structure does absorption occur? 37. Which graph shows the correct relationship between blood velocity and the total cross-sectional area of blood vessels? 17

18 38. Which vessel is the posterior vena cava? 18

19 39. Which vessel contains blood with the greatest concentration of reduced hemoglobin? 19

20 40. Which structure initiates blood clotting? 41. From which area does fluid enter the tissues? 20

21 42. Through which of the following vessels does blood pass as it moves from the heart to the lungs? A. the aorta B. the coronary vein C. the pulmonary trunk D. the posterior vena cava 43. Which of the following causes blood to move past the semilunar valves? A. atrial systole B. atrial diastole C. ventricular systole D. ventricular diastole 44. In which structure is the sinoatrial node (SA) located? 2005 Aug 3. How does the chemical composition of the blood in the aorta differ from that of the blood in the pulmonary trunk? (4 marks) 21

22 36. How are veins and lymph vessels similar? A. both contain valves B. both return blood to the heart C. both have large amounts of elastic tissue D. both carry blood with a low oxygen concentration 37. Where is blood velocity the slowest? A. in a vein B. in a venule C. in an artery D. in a capillary 38. Which blood vessel can constrict to cause an increase in blood pressure? 39. Which vessel is a venule? 22

23 40. Which vessel contains blood with the highest concentration of bicarbonate ions and has the lowest pressure? 41. Where does lymph enter the circulatory system? A. at the hepatic vein B. at the jugular veins C. at the coronary veins D. at the subclavian veins 42. Blood enters the iliac artery from which of the following vessels? A. the aorta B. the renal artery C. the carotid artery D. the coronary artery 43. Which letter indicates the point at which the ventricles are in systole? 44. Which of the following occurs at W? A. The semilunar valves are open. B. The ventricles are filling with blood. C. The atrioventricular valves are closed. D. The Purkinje fibres stimulate the atria to contract. 23