GEOMETRICAL OPTICS. Q.1 What is meant by reflection of light? State and explain laws of reflection with diagrams.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "GEOMETRICAL OPTICS. Q.1 What is meant by reflection of light? State and explain laws of reflection with diagrams."

Transcription

1 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Q. What is meant by relection o light? State and exlain laws o relection with diagrams. (Ans) Relection o light when a light ray moves in a medium and a resistance aears in its way, then the light ray strike with it such that some o its art is absorb by the resistance and most o its art is bounce back in its own medium. This bounce back o light in its own medium is called relection o light. Laws o relection There are two laws o relection o light which are irst o all introduced by a Muslim Scientist Ibnal Haitham. These laws are stated as: (i) First law o relection This law state that the incident ray, relected ray and normal to the oint o incident all lies in the same lane. (ii) Second law o relection This law state that the angle o incidence is always eual to the angle o relection. Mathematically m i mr Q.2 Distinguish between regular and irregular relection o light? Also give its imortance. (Ans) Regular relection o light The relection o light rom a smooth shining surace in which the arallel light rays move arallel ater relection is called Regular relection o light.

2 Imortance Due to Regular relection o light a driver can see the rear view by the side mirror o the vehicles. Regular relection o light is used in the image ormation by mirrors and microscoe. Irregular relection o light The relection o light rom a rough and uneven shining surace in which all the arallel light rays are scattered in dierent directions ater relection is called Irregular relection o light. Imortance Due to Irregular relection o light we can receive light beore the sun rises and ater the sun set. We can get light in such laces where there is no direct aroach o sun light. Non-luminous objects are also visible due to Irregular relection o light. Q.3 What is sherical mirror? Discuss the tyes o sherical mirrors. (Ans) Sherical mirror The art o the sherical shell having its outer or inner surace is shining and relecting is called sherical mirror. There are two tyes o sherical mirrors. () Concave mirror A sherical mirror whose inner surace is shining and relecting is called concave mirror. A beam o arallel rays o light assing rom a concave mirror ocuses at one oint ater relection. Thereore a concave mirror is also called converging mirror.

3 (2) Convex mirror A sherical mirror whose outer surace is shining and relecting is called convex mirror. A beam o arallel rays o light assing rom a convex mirror scattered in dierent directions. Thereore a convex mirror is also called diverging mirror. Q.4 Deine the main terms used in sherical mirrors. (Ans) The terms related with sherical mirrors are:. Center o curvature The center o the shere rom which mirror is taken out is called center o curvature. It is denoted by C. As shown below. 2. Radius o curvature The radius o the shere rom which mirror is taken out is called radius o curvature. It is denoted by r. As shown in igure A. 3. Pole The geometrical central oint o the sherical mirror is called ole. It is denoted by P. As shown in igure A. 4. Princial axis The imaginary straight line assing rom the ole P and center o curvature C o the sherical mirror is called rincial axis. As shown in igure A. 5. Aerture The diameter o the circular boundary o the sherical mirror is called aerture. OR The area o the sherical mirror exosed to the incident light is called aerture. As shown in igure A. 6. Princial ocus (OR) Focus oint The oint o a concave mirror at which all the relected rays are seem to converging is called rincial ocus or ocus oint. OR

4 The oint o a convex mirror rom which all the relected light rays are seem to be diverging is called rincial ocus or ocus oint. It is denoted by F. As shown in igure A. 7. Focal length The distance between the ole and ocus oint o the sherical mirror is called ocal length. It is denoted by. OR Focal length o the concave mirror is taken ositive while the ocal length o the convex mirror is taken negative. As shown in igure A. (Figure A) Relection o Secial rays i. The ray o light arallel to the rincial axis asses through ocus oint o the concave mirror ater relection. ii. The ray o light assing through ocus oint becomes arallel to the rincial axis ater relection rom the mirror. iii. The ray o light assing through the center o curvature o the concave mirror is relected back along the same ath.

5 iv. The ray o light incident at the ole o a concave mirror is relected back making the same angel o relection with rincial axis as incident ray makes with rincial axis. Q.5 An object is brought rom a long distance towards the sherical mirror. Discuss the eatures o the images with diagram. (Ans) There are ive dierent tyes o images ormed through a concave mirror by bringing object rom a long distance towards the mirror. CASE When an object is laced away rom the center o curvature C o the concave mirror, its image is ormed in between center o curvature C and ocus oint F. The image will be real, inverted and smaller in size that o the object. Diagrammatically

6 CASE 2 When an object is laced at the center o curvature C o the concave mirror, its image is ormed at the center o curvature C. The image will be real, inverted and o the same size that o the object. Diagrammatically CASE 3 When an object is lace in ront o a concave mirror in between the ocus oint F and center o curvature C, its image is ormed away rom the center o curvature C. the image will be real, inverted and large in size that o the objects. Diagrammatically CASE 4 When an object is laced at the ocus oint F o a concave mirror, its image is ormed at ininity. The image will be real, inverted and larger in size that o the object. Diagrammatically

7 CASE 5 When an object is laced in between ocus oint F and ole P o the concave mirror, its image is ormed behind the mirror. The image will be virtual, erected and large in size that o the object. Diagrammatically Image ormation through convex mirror When an object is laced in ront o a convex mirror, its image is ormed behind the mirror. The image will be virtual, erected and smaller in size that o the object. Diagrammatically Q.6 Prove mirror ormula or a concave mirror. (Ans) Consider an object AB is laced away rom the center o curvature o a concave mirror, its image A B is ormed in between center o curvature C and ocus oint F. The distance o the object rom the mirror is and distance o the image rom the mirror is. Diagrammatically It is clear rom igure that ABP and ABP are similar. Then

8 AB BP OR AB BP AB BP () AB BP Similarly PDF and ABF are similar, thereore PD AB PF BF Since PD AB AB PF AB BF AB PF (2) AB BF Comaring euation () and euation (2), we get BP BP PF BF We know rom igure that (A) BP, BP, PF andbp Put these values in euation (A), We get ( ) Now dividing both sides by

9 It is the reuired mirror ormula or a concave mirror. Q.7 What is linear magniication? Also discuss the sign convention. (Ans) Linear magniication The ratio o the size o the image to the size o the object is called Linear magniication. OR The ratio o the image distance rom the mirror to the object distance is called Linear magniication. It is denoted by M. Mathematically M h h i o Sign convention The distance o the real image rom the mirror is taken ositive, where as the distance o the virtual image rom the mirror is taken negative. The ocal length o a concave mirror is taken ositive and or a convex mirror it is negative. Q.8 Describe the uses o sherical mirrors. (Ans) Uses o sherical mirrors are as under: i. As shaving mirror Concave mirror o large ocal length is used as shaving mirror. When a erson looks his ace through this mirror, an enlarge erect and virtual image is seen in the mirror. ii. By doctors and dentists dentists use a small concave mirror to have a look o backside o tooth and cavity in it. Doctors also use it to examine ear, nose, throat etc. iii. As objective o relecting telescoe A concave mirror o large aerture is used as objective in telescoe. Greater amount o light is incident rom the object, so a clear image can be seen by such telescoe.

10 iv. In microscoe Concave mirror is used in microscoe to concentrate light on the slide. v. In automobile headlights and search lights Concave mirrors are used behind the bulb such that a bulb lies at their rincial ocus. The rays o light become arallel ater relection. Thus owerul beam o light is obtained in a articular direction by headlights and search lights. vi. In vehicles Convex mirrors are used in vehicles to observe rear view. It makes small, erect and virtual images o the objects behind the vehicle and rovides a wide ield o view. Q.9 Exlain reraction o light? State the laws o reraction. (Ans) Reraction o light When a light ray enters rom one transarent medium into another obliuely, it slightly bends rom its original ath. This behavior o light is called reraction o light. Whenever light ray enters rom a rare medium into a denser medium, the ray o light will slightly bends towards the normal. Air N Water N Whenever light ray enters rom a denser medium into a rare medium, the ray o light will slightly bends away rom the normal. Air N Water N Laws o reraction o light There are two laws o reraction that are as under.

11 () First law o reraction This law state that the incident ray, reracted ray and normal to the oint o incident all lies in the same lane. (2) Snell s law This law state that the ratio o the sine o angle o incidence to the sine o angle o reraction is constant or a given air o media. Mathematically sini n sin r Q.0 What is meant by reractive index? (Ans) Reractive index It can be deined as the ratio o the seed o light in air or vacuum to the seed o light in the media. It is denoted by n. Mathematically reractiveindex seedolightinairorv acuum seedolightinmedia C n V Where C is the seed o light and its value is 3x0 8 m/sec. Reractive index o some common substances is; Substance Reractive index Substance Reractive index Air 003 Crown 52 glass Ice 3 Kerosene 44 oil Water 33 Diamond 2 42

12 Q. What is total internal relection o light? Mention some ractical alications o it. (Ans) Total internal relection o light When a ray o light move rom a denser medium to a rare medium, then the light ray bends away rom the normal. As we increase the angle o incidence the corresonding angle o reraction will also increases. At a certain angle o incidence the reracted angle becomes 90, this angle o incidence is called critical angle c. Now i the incident angle is increased rom critical angle the light ray bounce back in its own medium. This behavior o light is called total internal relection o light. There are two conditions or total internal relection o light. (i) The light ray must go rom a denser medium to a rare medium. (ii) The angle o incidence must be greater than critical angle. Relationshi between reractive index and critical angle Consider a light ray enter rom a denser medium to a rare medium, so that the incident angle is critical angle and the reracted angle is 90. n n sin90 sin sin c c Practical alications o total internal relection o light () Periscoe A device used to see objects which are above or below the eye level. It is usually used in submarine and tanks to see objects rom a saer lace. A eriscoe consists o a long tube which is bent at 90 at both ends. At each end a totally relecting rism is ixed.

13 An object AB is laced in ront o a eriscoe, its image is seen through the eriscoe. Because each o the rism turns the incident ray o light though 90. (2) The binoculars It consists o risms that reduce the length o the device and roduce erect image. The light rays in a air o binoculars are bent through 80 by each rism in contrast to the eriscoe where light rays are only bent through 90 by each rism. Figure (3) Otical ibers An otical iber is made o a core o high reractive index i.e. glass or lastic. It is normally coated with glass o lower reractive index. A light ray introduce into the otical iber will be internally relected at the surace. The thickness o the iber is eual to the thickness o the human hair that is o mm. 00 Uses A bundle o several thousands o such ibers are bound together in a lexible tube called light ie. This light ie is used by the surgeons to examine the interior arts o the body. Otical ibers are also used in telecommunication as it carries inormation aster than other wires like iron, coer, etc.

14 (4) Endoscoe It is an otical instrument used to view and hotograh a hollow organ inside the body such as the bladder, womb, etc. it works on the rincile o total internal relection o light. A video camera is itted outside the bundle o ibers which can visible the interior organs o the atient which is to be oerated. Q.2 What is meant by an otical rism? How does the angle o deviation can be determined through rism. (Ans) Prism It is a transarent body having three rectangular and two triangular suraces. The three rectangular suraces inclined to each other making a triangular boundary, while the two triangular suraces are arallel to each other. The angle between the two reracting rectangular suraces oosite to the base is called angle o the rism. Angle o the rism is denoted by A.

15 Determination o angle o deviation Consider the ray o light PQ strikes the ace AB o the rism. The entering ray bends towards the normal as glass is denser than air and roceeded along QR and incident on the ace AC o the rism. The ray RS bends away rom the normal towards the base as air is rare medium and glass is denser. Extend PQ as PT and RS as SE, they meet at oint D. Thus the rism deviate the light ray PT through an angle TDS in the orm o RS. This angle TDS is called angle o deviation. Relation between reractive index and angle o deviation Reractive index o the rism can be calculated as ollow; A Dm sin( ) n 2 A sin 2 Q.3 What is a lens? Exlain the main and sub tyes o lenses. (Ans) Lens A lens is a transarent material usually made o glass which is bounded by a sherical surace at least rom one side. Basically lenses are used to converge or diverge the incident beam o light. There are two main tyes o lenses. () Convex lens (2) Concave lens () Convex lens A tye o lens which is thicker at the center and thinner at the edges is called convex lens. It is also called as converging lens, because it ocus a arallel beam o light at a oint known as ocus oint o the lens. There are three sub tyes o a convex lens. (i) Double convex lens A convex lens whose both bounded suraces are convex is known as double convex lens. (ii) Plano convex lens A convex lens whose one bounded surace is lane and the other is convex is known as Plano convex lens. (iii) Concave convex lens A convex lens whose one bounded surace is concave and the other is convex is known as concave convex lens.

16 (2) Concave lens A tye o lens which is thinner at the center and thicker at the edges is called convex lens. It is also called as diverging lens, because it scattered the arallel beam o light alls on it. There are three sub tyes o concave lens. (i) (ii) (iii) Double concave lens A concave lens whose both bounded suraces are concave is known as double concave lens. Plano concave lens A concave lens whose one bounded surace is lane and the other is concave is known as Plano concave lens. Convex concave lens A concave lens whose one bounded surace is convex and the other is concave is known as convex concave lens. Q.4 Deine the main terminologies used in lenses? (Ans) The main terminologies used in lenses are; () Otical centre The centre oint o a lens is called otical centre. It is denoted by O. (2) Princial axis The imaginary straight line assing rom the otical centre O and are erendicular to both the aces o the lens is called rincial axis. (3) Princial ocus The oint o a convex lens at which all the reracted rays are seem to converging is called rincial ocus or ocus oint. OR The oint o a concave lens rom which all the reracted light rays are seem to be diverging is called rincial ocus or ocus oint. It is denoted by F. Lenses have two oci and are at eual distance rom the otical centre at either side. (4) Focal length The distance between the otical centre and ocus oint o the sherical mirror is called ocal length. It is denoted by. OR Focal length o the convex lens is taken ositive while the ocal length o the concave lens is taken negative.

17 (i) (ii) (iii) SPECIAL RAYS DIAGRAM The ray o light through otical centre asses without reraction. The ray o light arallel to the rincial axis asses through ocus oint ater reraction. The ray o light assing through ocus oint moves arallel to the rincial axis ater reraction. Q.6 An object is brought rom a long distance towards the Lens. Discuss the eatures o the images with diagram. (Ans) There are ive dierent tyes o images ormed through a convex lens by bringing object rom a long distance towards the lens. CASE When an object is laced away rom 2F o a convex lens, its image is ormed in between 2F and ocus oint F at other side. The image will be real, inverted and smaller in size that o the object. Diagrammatically CASE 2 When an object is laced at 2F o the convex lens, its image is ormed at 2F at the other side. The image will be real, inverted and o the same size that o the object. Diagrammatically CASE 3 When an object is lace in ront o a convex lens in between the ocus oint F and 2F, its image is ormed away rom the 2F at the other side. The image ormed will be real, inverted and large in size that o the objects.

18 Diagrammatically CASE 4 When an object is laced at the ocus oint F o a convex lens, its image is ormed at ininity. The image will be real, inverted and larger in size that o the object. Diagrammatically CASE 5 When an object is laced in between ocus oint F and otical centre o the convex lens, its image is ormed in ront o the lens. The image will be virtual, erected and large in size that o the object. Diagrammatically Image ormation through concave lens When an object is laced in ront o a concave lens, its image is ormed in ront o the lens. The image will be virtual, erected and smaller in size that o the object. Diagrammatically Sign convention The distance o the real image rom the lens is taken ositive, where as the distance o the virtual image rom the lens is taken negative. The ocal

19 length o a convex lens is taken ositive and or a concave lens it is negative. Q.7 Prove lens ormula or a convex lens. (Ans) Consider an object AB is laced in ront o a convex lens, its image A B is ormed behind the lens. The distance o the object rom the lens is and distance o the image rom the lens is. Diagrammatically It is clear rom igure that AB OB OR AB OB ABO and ABO are similar. Then AB OB () AB OB Similarly ODF and ABF are similar, thereore OD AB OF BF Since OD AB AB AB OF BF AB OF (2) AB BF Comaring euation () and euation (2), we get

20 OB OF (A) OB BF We know rom igure that OB, OB, OF Put these values in euation (A), We get ( ) Now dividing both sides by andob It is the reuired lens ormula or a convex lens. Q.8 What is meant by ower o a lens? (Ans) Power o a lens It can be deined as the recirocal o the ocal length o a lens in meter is called ower o a lens. It is denoted by D. Its SI unit is diotre. The ower o a convex lens is taken ositive, while or a concave mirror it is negative. Mathematically D ( m) Q.9 Write note on the ollowing instruments. (Ans) Simle microscoe A device used to see small objects that cannot be seen though naked eye is called microscoe. Construction It is a convex lens o short ocal length. It is also called magniying glass. It works on the rincile that when an object is laced within its ocal length, a magniied, virtual and erect image is ormed. The image ormed through a microscoe is larger than the object, it becomes easy to study small

21 objects. Watch maker and jewelers used it to observe small ieces which cannot be seen on naked eyes. Comound microscoe It consist o two convex lenses o short ocal lengths itted at the outer end o two tubes. These tubes can slide into one another to adjust the distance between two lenses. The lens which is towards the object is called objective lens(objective) and the lens which is towards our eyes is called eye iece lens(eye iece). The ocal length o objective lens is shorter than eye iece lens. As a result the image ormed by the microscoe is magniied and erect. Astronomical telescoe A device used to see heavenly objects like sun, stars, moon etc are called telescoe. It consist o two convex lenses called objective and eye iece which are itted at the outer ends o two metallic tubes which can slide into one another. The objective o a telescoe is o larger ocal length and can cature beyond objects, while eye iece is o shorter ocal length can magniied objects.

22 Q.20 Exlain the main deects o vision. How each deect can be corrected? (Ans) There are two main deects o vision.. Short sightedness(myoia) A erson having this deect can see the near objects clearly but cannot see the object situated at ar distances as much clear and distinctly. The reason o this deect is that the ocal length o the eye lens is very small or the eye ball becomes much larger. Thereore the rays o the ar objects ocus just beore the retina. This deect can be corrected by using a concave lens o suitable ocal length in the sectacles. 2. Long sightedness(hyermetroia) A erson having this deect can see the ar objects clearly but cannot see the near objects clearly. The reason o this deect is that the ocal length o the eye lens is very large or the eye ball becomes small. Thereore the rays o the near objects ocus behind the retina. This deect can be corrected by using a convex lens o suitable ocal length in the sectacles.

23 SHORT QUESTIONS i. Draw a label diagram to show the: (a) Pole (b) Centre o curvature (c) Princial axis (d) Princial ocus (e) Radius o curvature Ans. See Q.4 ii. Deine ocal length and radius o curvature. What is the relation between ocal length and radius o curvature in case o a concave mirror? Ans. Radius o curvature The radius o the shere rom which mirror is taken out is called radius o curvature. It is denoted by r. Focal length The distance between the ole and ocus oint o the sherical mirror is called ocal length. It is denoted by. OR Focal length o the concave mirror is taken ositive while the ocal length o the convex mirror is taken negative. Relation between ocal length and radius o curvature Focal length is hal o the radius o curvature. Mathematically r 2 iii. Name the sherical mirror which has: (a) Virtual rincial ocus (b) Real rincial ocus Ans. (a) Convex mirror has virtual rincial ocus. (b) Concave mirror has real rincial ocus. iv. I the radius o curvature o a concave mirror is m, what is its ocal length? Ans. I radius o curvature o the concave mirror is m, then its ocal length is 0.5m. Mathematically r 0 5m 2 2 v. For what osition o an object, a concave mirror orms an image which is real and eual in size to the object? Ans. When an object is laced at the center o curvature C o the concave mirror, its image is ormed at the center o curvature C. The image will be real, inverted and o the same size that o the object. Diagrammatically

24 vi. For what osition o an object a real and diminished image is ormed by a concave mirror? Ans. When an object is laced away rom the center o curvature C o the concave mirror, its image is ormed in between center o curvature C and ocus oint F. The image will be real and diminished. Diagrammatically vii. Give at least three uses o a concave mirror? Ans. See Q.8 viii. Deine reractive index. How is it related to velocity o light on a air o media? Ans. See Q.0 ix. How would you make the rays rom a luminous bulb arallel by means o a concave mirror? Ans. It is clear rom ray diagram that i we lace the luminous bulb at the ocus oint o the concave mirror, the light rays will move arallel. These light rays meet at ininity. x. What is meant by linear magniication o an image by a sherical mirror? Ans. See Q.7 xi. Which tye o sherical mirror has a wider ield o view? Ans. The convex mirror has a wider ield o view, because it roduce virtual, erect and diminished image o an object laced in ront o it. It is used in automobile to see the image o the object coming behind the automobiles. xii. Why does a driver reer to use a convex mirror as a back view mirror in an automobile? Ans. A driver reer to use a convex mirror as a back view mirror in automobile, because it roduce virtual, erect and diminished image o an object laced in ront o it. As a result the driver can judge about every thing coming behind his vehicle. Thus a convex mirror rovides us the way o sae driving. xiii. A ray o light traveling in water emerges into air. Draw a ray diagram indicating the change in its ath? Ans. Whenever light ray enters rom a denser medium into a rare medium, the ray o light will slightly bends away rom the normal. As water is denser

25 medium and air is rare medium, so the ray o light slightly bends away rom the normal. Diagrammatically Air N Water N / xiv. What is the unit o reractive index? Ans. Reractive index is the ratio o two similar uantities. Thereore it has no unit. Mathematically reractiveindex n C V seedolightinairorv acuum seedolightinmedia xv. Which one has higher reractive index, water or glass? Ans. The reractive index o glass is greater than that o water. The reractive index o water is.33, while the reractive index o various glasses ranges rom.5 to.9. xvi. Deine Snell s law o reraction? Ans. Snell s law This law states that the ratio o the sine o angle o incidence to the sine o angle o reraction is constant or a given air o media. Mathematically sini n sin r xvii. Why a encil hal immersed in water and held obliuely, aears to be bent at the water surace? Ans. It is because o reraction o light, the light rays coming rom water (denser medium) into air (rare medium). The light rays bends away rom the normal. As a result the encil aears to be bent at the water surace. xviii. For what osition an object, a real and diminished image ormed by convex lens?

26 Ans. When an object is laced away rom 2F o a convex lens, its image is ormed in between 2F and ocus oint F at other side. The image will be real, inverted and smaller in size that o the object. Diagrammatically xix. What is the SI unit o ower o a lens? Ans. The unit o the ower o a lens is diotre. It can be deined as the ower o a lens is one diotre i the ocal length o the lens is one meter. xx. What will be the value o angle o reraction when angle o incidence in denser medium is eual to the critical angle or a given air o media? Ans. When a ray o light move rom a denser medium to a rare medium, then the light ray bends away rom the normal. As we increase the angle o incidence the corresonding angle o reraction will also increases. At a certain angle o incidence the reracted angle becomes 90, this angle o incidence is called critical angle c. The angle o reraction or the given air o media will be xxi. Why do stars twinkle on a clear night? Ans. The light rom the stars travels through dierent layers o the atmoshere o various densities. Thereore the light rays deviate rom its original ath time to time. As a result it looks like that stars are twinkling. xxii. You are given two convex lenses o ocal length 7cm and 20cm. which one will you choose as objective lens or making a comound microscoe? Ans. The magniying ower o a comound microscoe can be stated as; L d M ( ) 0 e Smaller the ocal length o objective lens greater will be the magniying ower. So we will choose the lens having ocal length 7cm. xxiii. What tye o lens is used to make the eye-iece o a comound microscoe? Ans. The eye-iece o a comound microscoe is a convex lens o larger aerture and ocal length as comared to objective lens.

27 xxiv. In a telescoe, which one has a shorter ocal length, objective or eyeiece? Ans. The magniying ower o a telescoe can be stated as; o M e We use an eye-iece o short ocal length and small aerture. xxv. A child sitting in a classroom is not able to see clearly the writing on the blackboard? (a) Name the tye o deect rom which he suering? (b) With the hel o ray diagram, show that how this deect can be removed? Ans. A child sitting in a classroom is not able to see clearly the writing on the blackboard. (a) The deect rom which the child suering is called short sightedness or myoia. (b) This deect can be corrected by using a concave lens o suitable ocal length in the sectacles.

28 NUMERICAL PROBLEMS. The image o an object is ormed by a concave mirror at a distance o 30cm. ind the osition o an object i the ocal length o concave mirror is 5cm. Given data 30cm 5cm? We know that cm Find the osition o an object to be laced in ront o a concave mirror o radius o curvature 8cm to get a real image in double in size. Given data? M 2 r 8cm r We know that M 2 9cm 2 We also know that

29 cm 3. A candle lame is situated at a distance o 40cm rom a convex mirror i radius o curvature o mirror is 40cm. ind the osition and nature o the image. Given data 40cm r 40cm r 2? Nature? We know that cm cm Nature: Image is virtual ( = 3.33cm)

30 4. Determine the reractive index o water i the seed o light in water is 2.25x0 8 m/s and velocity o light in air is 3x0 8 m/s? Given data V C 30 n? 8 8 m / s C n V 8 30 n n 33 8 m / s 5. A ray o light is incident on the surace o Sulhuric acid at 35 0 angle o incident. The reractive index o Sulhuric acid is.43. Find the angle o reraction o the reracted ray. Given data mi mr 35? n 43 sini n sinr Sin35 Sinr Sinr 43 mr Sin (0 40) mr An object 5cm high laced in ront o a convex lens o ocal length 20cm. ind the osition o the object i a real image 0cm high is to be obtained. Given data h 5cm h o i 0cm 20cm? We know that

31 h h M o i We also know that cm Find the ocal length o a convex lens whose ower is 5 diotre. Given data cm m D D diotre D ? 5 8. A converging lens o ocal length 5cm is laced 20cm in ront o a screen. Where should the object be laced i its image is aear on the screen?

32 Given data? 20 5 cm cm We know that cm

Mirrors and Lenses. Clicker Questions. Question P1.03

Mirrors and Lenses. Clicker Questions. Question P1.03 3 Mirrors and Lenses Clicker Questions Question P.03 Descrition: Reasoning with geometric otics and ray-tracing. Question An object is located on the otical axis and a distance o 8 cm rom a thin converging

More information

19 - RAY OPTICS Page 1 ( Answers at the end of all questions )

19 - RAY OPTICS Page 1 ( Answers at the end of all questions ) 19 - RAY OPTICS Page 1 1 ) A ish looking up through the water sees the outside world contained in a circular horizon. I the reractive index o water is 4 / 3 and the ish is 1 cm below the surace, the radius

More information

LIGHT REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

LIGHT REFLECTION AND REFRACTION QUESTION BANK IN SCIENCE CLASS-X (TERM-II) 10 LIGHT REFLECTION AND REFRACTION CONCEPTS To revise the laws of reflection at plane surface and the characteristics of image formed as well as the uses of reflection

More information

Chapter 36 - Lenses. A PowerPoint Presentation by Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics Southern Polytechnic State University

Chapter 36 - Lenses. A PowerPoint Presentation by Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics Southern Polytechnic State University Chapter 36 - Lenses A PowerPoint Presentation by Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics Southern Polytechnic State University 2007 Objectives: After completing this module, you should be able to: Determine

More information

Size Of the Image Nature Of the Image At Infinity At the Focus Highly Diminished, Point Real and Inverted

Size Of the Image Nature Of the Image At Infinity At the Focus Highly Diminished, Point Real and Inverted CHAPTER-10 LIGHT REFLECTION AND REFRACTION Light rays; are; electromagnetic in nature, and do not need material medium for Propagation Speed of light in vacuum in 3*10 8 m/s When a light ray falls on a

More information

Chapter 17: Light and Image Formation

Chapter 17: Light and Image Formation Chapter 17: Light and Image Formation 1. When light enters a medium with a higher index of refraction it is A. absorbed. B. bent away from the normal. C. bent towards from the normal. D. continues in the

More information

7.2. Focusing devices: Unit 7.2. context. Lenses and curved mirrors. Lenses. The language of optics

7.2. Focusing devices: Unit 7.2. context. Lenses and curved mirrors. Lenses. The language of optics context 7.2 Unit 7.2 ocusing devices: Lenses and curved mirrors Light rays often need to be controlled and ed to produce s in optical instruments such as microscopes, cameras and binoculars, and to change

More information

Light Energy OBJECTIVES

Light Energy OBJECTIVES 11 Light Energy Can you read a book in the dark? If you try to do so, then you will realize, how much we are dependent on light. Light is very important part of our daily life. We require light for a number

More information

Optics. Kepler's telescope and Galileo's telescope. f 1. f 2. LD Physics Leaflets P5.1.4.2. Geometrical optics Optical instruments

Optics. Kepler's telescope and Galileo's telescope. f 1. f 2. LD Physics Leaflets P5.1.4.2. Geometrical optics Optical instruments Optics Geometrical optics Optical instruments LD Physics Lealets P5.1.4.2 Kepler's telescope and Galileo's telescope Objects o the experiment g Veriying that the length o a telescope is given by the sum

More information

Convex Mirrors. Ray Diagram for Convex Mirror

Convex Mirrors. Ray Diagram for Convex Mirror Convex Mirrors Center of curvature and focal point both located behind mirror The image for a convex mirror is always virtual and upright compared to the object A convex mirror will reflect a set of parallel

More information

AP Physics B Ch. 23 and Ch. 24 Geometric Optics and Wave Nature of Light

AP Physics B Ch. 23 and Ch. 24 Geometric Optics and Wave Nature of Light AP Physics B Ch. 23 and Ch. 24 Geometric Optics and Wave Nature of Light Name: Period: Date: MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Reflection,

More information

C) D) As object AB is moved from its present position toward the left, the size of the image produced A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same

C) D) As object AB is moved from its present position toward the left, the size of the image produced A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same 1. For a plane mirror, compared to the object distance, the image distance is always A) less B) greater C) the same 2. Which graph best represents the relationship between image distance (di) and object

More information

Geometric Optics Converging Lenses and Mirrors Physics Lab IV

Geometric Optics Converging Lenses and Mirrors Physics Lab IV Objective Geometric Optics Converging Lenses and Mirrors Physics Lab IV In this set of lab exercises, the basic properties geometric optics concerning converging lenses and mirrors will be explored. The

More information

1 of 9 2/9/2010 3:38 PM

1 of 9 2/9/2010 3:38 PM 1 of 9 2/9/2010 3:38 PM Chapter 23 Homework Due: 8:00am on Monday, February 8, 2010 Note: To understand how points are awarded, read your instructor's Grading Policy. [Return to Standard Assignment View]

More information

Light and its effects

Light and its effects Light and its effects Light and the speed of light Shadows Shadow films Pinhole camera (1) Pinhole camera (2) Reflection of light Image in a plane mirror An image in a plane mirror is: (i) the same size

More information

Reflection and Refraction

Reflection and Refraction Equipment Reflection and Refraction Acrylic block set, plane-concave-convex universal mirror, cork board, cork board stand, pins, flashlight, protractor, ruler, mirror worksheet, rectangular block worksheet,

More information

Lecture 17. Image formation Ray tracing Calculation. Lenses Convex Concave. Mirrors Convex Concave. Optical instruments

Lecture 17. Image formation Ray tracing Calculation. Lenses Convex Concave. Mirrors Convex Concave. Optical instruments Lecture 17. Image formation Ray tracing Calculation Lenses Convex Concave Mirrors Convex Concave Optical instruments Image formation Laws of refraction and reflection can be used to explain how lenses

More information

EXPERIMENT 6 OPTICS: FOCAL LENGTH OF A LENS

EXPERIMENT 6 OPTICS: FOCAL LENGTH OF A LENS EXPERIMENT 6 OPTICS: FOCAL LENGTH OF A LENS The following website should be accessed before coming to class. Text reference: pp189-196 Optics Bench a) For convenience of discussion we assume that the light

More information

Science In Action 8 Unit C - Light and Optical Systems. 1.1 The Challenge of light

Science In Action 8 Unit C - Light and Optical Systems. 1.1 The Challenge of light 1.1 The Challenge of light 1. Pythagoras' thoughts about light were proven wrong because it was impossible to see A. the light beams B. dark objects C. in the dark D. shiny objects 2. Sir Isaac Newton

More information

Image Formation. 7-year old s question. Reference. Lecture Overview. It receives light from all directions. Pinhole

Image Formation. 7-year old s question. Reference. Lecture Overview. It receives light from all directions. Pinhole Image Formation Reerence http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lens_(optics) Reading: Chapter 1, Forsyth & Ponce Optional: Section 2.1, 2.3, Horn. The slides use illustrations rom these books Some o the ollowing

More information

Lecture Notes for Chapter 34: Images

Lecture Notes for Chapter 34: Images Lecture Notes for hapter 4: Images Disclaimer: These notes are not meant to replace the textbook. Please report any inaccuracies to the professor.. Spherical Reflecting Surfaces Bad News: This subject

More information

2) A convex lens is known as a diverging lens and a concave lens is known as a converging lens. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec.

2) A convex lens is known as a diverging lens and a concave lens is known as a converging lens. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 4e (Giancoli) Chapter 33 Lenses and Optical Instruments 33.1 Conceptual Questions 1) State how to draw the three rays for finding the image position due to a thin

More information

Geometrical Optics - Grade 11

Geometrical Optics - Grade 11 OpenStax-CNX module: m32832 1 Geometrical Optics - Grade 11 Rory Adams Free High School Science Texts Project Mark Horner Heather Williams This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative

More information

Solution Derivations for Capa #14

Solution Derivations for Capa #14 Solution Derivations for Capa #4 ) An image of the moon is focused onto a screen using a converging lens of focal length (f = 34.8 cm). The diameter of the moon is 3.48 0 6 m, and its mean distance from

More information

PHYSICS PAPER 1 (THEORY)

PHYSICS PAPER 1 (THEORY) PHYSICS PAPER 1 (THEORY) (Three hours) (Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time.) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

More information

waves rays Consider rays of light from an object being reflected by a plane mirror (the rays are diverging): mirror object

waves rays Consider rays of light from an object being reflected by a plane mirror (the rays are diverging): mirror object PHYS1000 Optics 1 Optics Light and its interaction with lenses and mirrors. We assume that we can ignore the wave properties of light. waves rays We represent the light as rays, and ignore diffraction.

More information

Question based on Refraction and Refractive index. Glass Slab, Lateral Shift.

Question based on Refraction and Refractive index. Glass Slab, Lateral Shift. Question based on Refraction and Refractive index. Glass Slab, Lateral Shift. Q.What is refraction of light? What are the laws of refraction? Ans: Deviation of ray of light from its original path when

More information

Physics 25 Exam 3 November 3, 2009

Physics 25 Exam 3 November 3, 2009 1. A long, straight wire carries a current I. If the magnetic field at a distance d from the wire has magnitude B, what would be the the magnitude of the magnetic field at a distance d/3 from the wire,

More information

1. You stand two feet away from a plane mirror. How far is it from you to your image? a. 2.0 ft c. 4.0 ft b. 3.0 ft d. 5.0 ft

1. You stand two feet away from a plane mirror. How far is it from you to your image? a. 2.0 ft c. 4.0 ft b. 3.0 ft d. 5.0 ft Lenses and Mirrors 1. You stand two feet away from a plane mirror. How far is it from you to your image? a. 2.0 ft c. 4.0 ft b. 3.0 ft d. 5.0 ft 2. Which of the following best describes the image from

More information

Thin Lenses Drawing Ray Diagrams

Thin Lenses Drawing Ray Diagrams Drawing Ray Diagrams Fig. 1a Fig. 1b In this activity we explore how light refracts as it passes through a thin lens. Eyeglasses have been in use since the 13 th century. In 1610 Galileo used two lenses

More information

Lesson 29: Lenses. Double Concave. Double Convex. Planoconcave. Planoconvex. Convex meniscus. Concave meniscus

Lesson 29: Lenses. Double Concave. Double Convex. Planoconcave. Planoconvex. Convex meniscus. Concave meniscus Lesson 29: Lenses Remembering the basics of mirrors puts you half ways towards fully understanding lenses as well. The same sort of rules apply, just with a few modifications. Keep in mind that for an

More information

Rutgers Analytical Physics 750:228, Spring 2016 ( RUPHY228S16 )

Rutgers Analytical Physics 750:228, Spring 2016 ( RUPHY228S16 ) 1 of 13 2/17/2016 5:28 PM Signed in as Weida Wu, Instructor Help Sign Out Rutgers Analytical Physics 750:228, Spring 2016 ( RUPHY228S16 ) My Courses Course Settings University Physics with Modern Physics,

More information

9/16 Optics 1 /11 GEOMETRIC OPTICS

9/16 Optics 1 /11 GEOMETRIC OPTICS 9/6 Optics / GEOMETRIC OPTICS PURPOSE: To review the basics of geometric optics and to observe the function of some simple and compound optical devices. APPARATUS: Optical bench, lenses, mirror, target

More information

Chapter 22: Mirrors and Lenses

Chapter 22: Mirrors and Lenses Chapter 22: Mirrors and Lenses How do you see sunspots? When you look in a mirror, where is the face you see? What is a burning glass? Make sure you know how to:. Apply the properties of similar triangles;

More information

LIGHT SECTION 6-REFRACTION-BENDING LIGHT From Hands on Science by Linda Poore, 2003.

LIGHT SECTION 6-REFRACTION-BENDING LIGHT From Hands on Science by Linda Poore, 2003. LIGHT SECTION 6-REFRACTION-BENDING LIGHT From Hands on Science by Linda Poore, 2003. STANDARDS: Students know an object is seen when light traveling from an object enters our eye. Students will differentiate

More information

HOMEWORK 4 with Solutions

HOMEWORK 4 with Solutions Winter 996 HOMEWORK 4 with Solutions. ind the image of the object for the single concave mirror system shown in ig. (see next pages for worksheets) by: (a) measuring the radius R and calculating the focal

More information

Study Guide for Exam on Light

Study Guide for Exam on Light Name: Class: Date: Study Guide for Exam on Light Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is used

More information

Lesson 26: Reflection & Mirror Diagrams

Lesson 26: Reflection & Mirror Diagrams Lesson 26: Reflection & Mirror Diagrams The Law of Reflection There is nothing really mysterious about reflection, but some people try to make it more difficult than it really is. All EMR will reflect

More information

Physics, Chapter 38: Mirrors and Lenses

Physics, Chapter 38: Mirrors and Lenses University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Robert Katz Publications Research Papers in Physics and Astronomy 1-1-1958 Physics, Chapter 38: Mirrors and Lenses Henry

More information

Chapter 23. The Reflection of Light: Mirrors

Chapter 23. The Reflection of Light: Mirrors Chapter 23 The Reflection of Light: Mirrors Wave Fronts and Rays Defining wave fronts and rays. Consider a sound wave since it is easier to visualize. Shown is a hemispherical view of a sound wave emitted

More information

Optics and Geometry. with Applications to Photography Tom Davis tomrdavis@earthlink.net http://www.geometer.org/mathcircles November 15, 2004

Optics and Geometry. with Applications to Photography Tom Davis tomrdavis@earthlink.net http://www.geometer.org/mathcircles November 15, 2004 Optics and Geometry with Applications to Photography Tom Davis tomrdavis@earthlink.net http://www.geometer.org/mathcircles November 15, 2004 1 Useful approximations This paper can be classified as applied

More information

Procedure: Geometrical Optics. Theory Refer to your Lab Manual, pages 291 294. Equipment Needed

Procedure: Geometrical Optics. Theory Refer to your Lab Manual, pages 291 294. Equipment Needed Theory Refer to your Lab Manual, pages 291 294. Geometrical Optics Equipment Needed Light Source Ray Table and Base Three-surface Mirror Convex Lens Ruler Optics Bench Cylindrical Lens Concave Lens Rhombus

More information

Revision problem. Chapter 18 problem 37 page 612. Suppose you point a pinhole camera at a 15m tall tree that is 75m away.

Revision problem. Chapter 18 problem 37 page 612. Suppose you point a pinhole camera at a 15m tall tree that is 75m away. Revision problem Chapter 18 problem 37 page 612 Suppose you point a pinhole camera at a 15m tall tree that is 75m away. 1 Optical Instruments Thin lens equation Refractive power Cameras The human eye Combining

More information

RAY OPTICS II 7.1 INTRODUCTION

RAY OPTICS II 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7 RAY OPTICS II 7.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents a discussion of more complicated issues in ray optics that builds on and extends the ideas presented in the last chapter (which you must read first!)

More information

Std. XI Science Physics Practical Handbook

Std. XI Science Physics Practical Handbook Std. XI Science Physics Practical Handbook No. Experiments Page No. 1 Use of Vernier Callipers 1 2 Use of Micrometer screw gauge 5 3 Use of Spherometer 9 4 Parallelogram law of forces 12 5 Coefficient

More information

The light. Light (normally spreads out straight... ... and into all directions. Refraction of light

The light. Light (normally spreads out straight... ... and into all directions. Refraction of light The light Light (normally spreads out straight...... and into all directions. Refraction of light But when a light ray passes from air into glas or water (or another transparent medium), it gets refracted

More information

Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on the title page of the answerbook by the candidate.

Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on the title page of the answerbook by the candidate. Series ONS SET-1 Roll No. Candiates must write code on the title page of the answer book Please check that this question paper contains 16 printed pages. Code number given on the right hand side of the

More information

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WATER-FLOW WINDOW GLAZING

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WATER-FLOW WINDOW GLAZING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WATER-FLOW WINDOW GLAZING LI CHUNYING DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG FEBRUARY 2012 CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG 香 港 城 市 大 學 Performance Evaluation of Water-flow

More information

12.1 What is Refraction pg. 515. Light travels in straight lines through air. What happens to light when it travels from one material into another?

12.1 What is Refraction pg. 515. Light travels in straight lines through air. What happens to light when it travels from one material into another? 12.1 What is Refraction pg. 515 Light travels in straight lines through air. What happens to light when it travels from one material into another? Bending Light The light traveling from an object in water

More information

Chapter 27 Optical Instruments. 27.1 The Human Eye and the Camera 27.2 Lenses in Combination and Corrective Optics 27.3 The Magnifying Glass

Chapter 27 Optical Instruments. 27.1 The Human Eye and the Camera 27.2 Lenses in Combination and Corrective Optics 27.3 The Magnifying Glass Chapter 27 Optical Instruments 27.1 The Human Eye and the Camera 27.2 Lenses in Combination and Corrective Optics 27.3 The Magnifying Glass Figure 27 1 Basic elements of the human eye! Light enters the

More information

Experiment 3 Lenses and Images

Experiment 3 Lenses and Images Experiment 3 Lenses and Images Who shall teach thee, unless it be thine own eyes? Euripides (480?-406? BC) OBJECTIVES To examine the nature and location of images formed by es. THEORY Lenses are frequently

More information

UNIT I LESSON - 1 CONTENTS

UNIT I LESSON - 1 CONTENTS Page UNIT I LESSON - CONTENTS. Aims and Ojectives.. Convex and Concave Lenses.a. Reraction through a thin lens.. Equivalent Focal Length o Two Thin Lenses Separated y a distance.. Aerrations in Lenses..

More information

Worksheet to Review Vector and Scalar Properties

Worksheet to Review Vector and Scalar Properties Worksheet to Review Vector and Scalar Properties 1. Differentiate between vectors and scalar quantities 2. Know what is being requested when the question asks for the magnitude of a quantity 3. Define

More information

Physical Science Study Guide Unit 7 Wave properties and behaviors, electromagnetic spectrum, Doppler Effect

Physical Science Study Guide Unit 7 Wave properties and behaviors, electromagnetic spectrum, Doppler Effect Objectives: PS-7.1 Physical Science Study Guide Unit 7 Wave properties and behaviors, electromagnetic spectrum, Doppler Effect Illustrate ways that the energy of waves is transferred by interaction with

More information

b. In Laser View - click on wave. Pose an explanation that explains why the light bends when it enters the water.

b. In Laser View - click on wave. Pose an explanation that explains why the light bends when it enters the water. Sierzega/Ferri: Optics 5 Observation Experiments: Light Bending Go to: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation /bending-light You have a laser beam (press the button to turn it on!) that is shining from

More information

OPTICAL IMAGES DUE TO LENSES AND MIRRORS *

OPTICAL IMAGES DUE TO LENSES AND MIRRORS * 1 OPTICAL IMAGES DUE TO LENSES AND MIRRORS * Carl E. Mungan U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD ABSTRACT The properties of real and virtual images formed by lenses and mirrors are reviewed. Key ideas are

More information

The Geometry of Perspective Projection

The Geometry of Perspective Projection The Geometry o Perspective Projection Pinhole camera and perspective projection - This is the simplest imaging device which, however, captures accurately the geometry o perspective projection. -Rays o

More information

7 Light and Geometric Optics

7 Light and Geometric Optics 7 Light and Geometric Optics By the end of this chapter, you should be able to do the following: Use ray diagrams to analyse situations in which light reflects from plane and curved mirrors state the law

More information

Basic Optics System OS-8515C

Basic Optics System OS-8515C 40 50 30 60 20 70 10 80 0 90 80 10 20 70 T 30 60 40 50 50 40 60 30 C 70 20 80 10 90 90 0 80 10 70 20 60 50 40 30 Instruction Manual with Experiment Guide and Teachers Notes 012-09900B Basic Optics System

More information

DETERMINATION OF THE SOIL FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND SPECIFIC ADHESION

DETERMINATION OF THE SOIL FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND SPECIFIC ADHESION TEKA Kom. Mot. Energ. Roln., 5, 5, 1 16 DETERMINATION OF THE SOIL FRICTION COEFFICIENT AND SPECIFIC ADHESION Arvids Vilde,Wojciech Tanaś Research Institute o Agricultural Machinery, Latvia University o

More information

Laws; of Refraction. bends away from the normal. more dense medium bends towards the normal. to another does not bend. It is not

Laws; of Refraction. bends away from the normal. more dense medium bends towards the normal. to another does not bend. It is not Science 8 Laws; of Refraction 1. tight that moyes at an angle from a less dense medium to a more dense medium bends towards the normal. (The second medium slows the light down) Note: The angle of refraction,

More information

UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN Department of Physics and Engineering Physics

UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN Department of Physics and Engineering Physics UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Physics 111.6 MIDTERM TEST #4 March 15, 2007 Time: 90 minutes NAME: (Last) Please Print (Given) STUDENT NO.: LECTURE SECTION (please

More information

R&DE (Engineers), DRDO. Theories of Failure. rd_mech@yahoo.co.in. Ramadas Chennamsetti

R&DE (Engineers), DRDO. Theories of Failure. rd_mech@yahoo.co.in. Ramadas Chennamsetti heories of Failure ummary Maximum rincial stress theory Maximum rincial strain theory Maximum strain energy theory Distortion energy theory Maximum shear stress theory Octahedral stress theory Introduction

More information

Light and Sound. Pupil Booklet

Light and Sound. Pupil Booklet Duncanrig Secondary School East Kilbride S2 Physics Elective Light and Sound Name: Pupil Booklet Class: SCN 3-11a - By exploring the refraction of light when passed through different materials, lenses

More information

Refractive Index Measurement Principle

Refractive Index Measurement Principle Refractive Index Measurement Principle Refractive index measurement principle Introduction Detection of liquid concentrations by optical means was already known in antiquity. The law of refraction was

More information

Color and Light. DELTA SCIENCE READER Overview... 125 Before Reading... 126 Guide the Reading... 127 After Reading... 133

Color and Light. DELTA SCIENCE READER Overview... 125 Before Reading... 126 Guide the Reading... 127 After Reading... 133 Color and Light T ABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT DELTA SCIENCE MODULES Program Introduction................... iii Teacher s Guide..................... iv Delta Science Readers............... vi Equipment and

More information

How to make a Galileian Telescope

How to make a Galileian Telescope How to make a Galileian Telescope I. THE BASICS THE PRINCIPLES OF OPTICS A Galileian telescope uses just two lenses. The objective lens is convergent (plano-convex), the ocular lens is divergent (plano-concave).

More information

Refraction of Light at a Plane Surface. Object: To study the refraction of light from water into air, at a plane surface.

Refraction of Light at a Plane Surface. Object: To study the refraction of light from water into air, at a plane surface. Refraction of Light at a Plane Surface Object: To study the refraction of light from water into air, at a plane surface. Apparatus: Refraction tank, 6.3 V power supply. Theory: The travel of light waves

More information

Reflection Lesson Plan

Reflection Lesson Plan Lauren Beal Seventh Grade Science AMY-Northwest Middle School Three Days May 2006 (45 minute lessons) 1. GUIDING INFORMATION: Reflection Lesson Plan a. Student and Classroom Characteristics These lessons

More information

Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. How does your eye form an image? Refraction. Example: Refraction at Sunset.

Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. How does your eye form an image? Refraction. Example: Refraction at Sunset. Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals for learning:! How does your eye form an image?! How do we record images? How does your eye form an image?

More information

Pinhole Optics. OBJECTIVES To study the formation of an image without use of a lens.

Pinhole Optics. OBJECTIVES To study the formation of an image without use of a lens. Pinhole Otics Science, at bottom, is really anti-intellectual. It always distrusts ure reason and demands the roduction of the objective fact. H. L. Mencken (1880-1956) OBJECTIVES To study the formation

More information

Mirror, mirror - Teacher Guide

Mirror, mirror - Teacher Guide Introduction Mirror, mirror - Teacher Guide In this activity, test the Law of Reflection based on experimental evidence. However, the back-silvered glass mirrors present a twist. As light travels from

More information

3D Printing LESSON PLAN PHYSICS 8,11: OPTICS

3D Printing LESSON PLAN PHYSICS 8,11: OPTICS INVESTIGATE RATIONALE Optics is commonly taught through the use of commercial optics kits that usually include a basic set of 2-4 geometric lenses (such as double convex or double concave). These lenses

More information

Optical Communications

Optical Communications Optical Communications Telecommunication Engineering School of Engineering University of Rome La Sapienza Rome, Italy 2005-2006 Lecture #2, May 2 2006 The Optical Communication System BLOCK DIAGRAM OF

More information

THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE In microbiology, the microscope plays an important role in allowing us to see tiny objects that are normally invisible to the naked eye. It is essential for students to learn how

More information

After a wave passes through a medium, how does the position of that medium compare to its original position?

After a wave passes through a medium, how does the position of that medium compare to its original position? Light Waves Test Question Bank Standard/Advanced Name: Question 1 (1 point) The electromagnetic waves with the highest frequencies are called A. radio waves. B. gamma rays. C. X-rays. D. visible light.

More information

PHYSICS 534 (Revised Edition 2001)

PHYSICS 534 (Revised Edition 2001) Student Study Guide PHYSICS 534 (Revised Edition 2001) Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519 Student Study Guide Physics 534 (Revised Edition - 2000) This Study Guide was written by a committee of Physics teachers

More information

Crystal Optics of Visible Light

Crystal Optics of Visible Light Crystal Optics of Visible Light This can be a very helpful aspect of minerals in understanding the petrographic history of a rock. The manner by which light is transferred through a mineral is a means

More information

In this project, you will be observing at least three objects with a telescope or binoculars, and drawing what you see.

In this project, you will be observing at least three objects with a telescope or binoculars, and drawing what you see. Telescopic Observations Materials: Paper, pencil, camera, Telescope or Binoculars In this project, you will be observing at least three objects with a telescope or binoculars, and drawing what you see.

More information

Experiment #2: Determining Sugar Content of a Drink. Objective. Introduction

Experiment #2: Determining Sugar Content of a Drink. Objective. Introduction Experiment #2: Determining Sugar Content of a Drink Objective How much sugar is there in your drink? In this experiment, you will measure the amount of sugar dissolved in a soft drink by using two different

More information

Solving Newton s Second Law Problems

Solving Newton s Second Law Problems Solving ewton s Second Law Problems Michael Fowler, Phys 142E Lec 8 Feb 5, 2009 Zero Acceleration Problems: Forces Add to Zero he Law is F ma : the acceleration o a given body is given by the net orce

More information

104 Practice Exam 2-3/21/02

104 Practice Exam 2-3/21/02 104 Practice Exam 2-3/21/02 1. Two electrons are located in a region of space where the magnetic field is zero. Electron A is at rest; and electron B is moving westward with a constant velocity. A non-zero

More information

United Arab Emirates University College of Sciences Department of Mathematical Sciences HOMEWORK 1 SOLUTION. Section 10.1 Vectors in the Plane

United Arab Emirates University College of Sciences Department of Mathematical Sciences HOMEWORK 1 SOLUTION. Section 10.1 Vectors in the Plane United Arab Emirates University College of Sciences Deartment of Mathematical Sciences HOMEWORK 1 SOLUTION Section 10.1 Vectors in the Plane Calculus II for Engineering MATH 110 SECTION 0 CRN 510 :00 :00

More information

First let us consider microscopes. Human eyes are sensitive to radiation having wavelengths between

First let us consider microscopes. Human eyes are sensitive to radiation having wavelengths between Optical Differences Between Telescopes and Microscopes Robert R. Pavlis, Girard, Kansas USA icroscopes and telescopes are optical instruments that are designed to permit observation of objects and details

More information

EXPERIMENT O-6. Michelson Interferometer. Abstract. References. Pre-Lab

EXPERIMENT O-6. Michelson Interferometer. Abstract. References. Pre-Lab EXPERIMENT O-6 Michelson Interferometer Abstract A Michelson interferometer, constructed by the student, is used to measure the wavelength of He-Ne laser light and the index of refraction of a flat transparent

More information

Review for Test 3. Polarized light. Action of a Polarizer. Polarized light. Light Intensity after a Polarizer. Review for Test 3.

Review for Test 3. Polarized light. Action of a Polarizer. Polarized light. Light Intensity after a Polarizer. Review for Test 3. Review for Test 3 Polarized light No equation provided! Polarized light In linearly polarized light, the electric field vectors all lie in one single direction. Action of a Polarizer Transmission axis

More information

1. Units of a magnetic field might be: A. C m/s B. C s/m C. C/kg D. kg/c s E. N/C m ans: D

1. Units of a magnetic field might be: A. C m/s B. C s/m C. C/kg D. kg/c s E. N/C m ans: D Chapter 28: MAGNETIC FIELDS 1 Units of a magnetic field might be: A C m/s B C s/m C C/kg D kg/c s E N/C m 2 In the formula F = q v B: A F must be perpendicular to v but not necessarily to B B F must be

More information

Lesson. Objectives. Compare how plane, convex, and concave. State the law of reflection.

Lesson. Objectives. Compare how plane, convex, and concave. State the law of reflection. KH_BD1_SEG5_U4C12L3_407-415.indd 407 Essential Question How Do Lenses and Mirrors Affect Light? What reflective surfaces do you see in your classroom? What are the different properties of these surfaces

More information

Chapter 19. Mensuration of Sphere

Chapter 19. Mensuration of Sphere 8 Chapter 19 19.1 Sphere: A sphere is a solid bounded by a closed surface every point of which is equidistant from a fixed point called the centre. Most familiar examples of a sphere are baseball, tennis

More information

EXPERIMENT #1: MICROSCOPY

EXPERIMENT #1: MICROSCOPY EXPERIMENT #1: MICROSCOPY Brightfield Compound Light Microscope The light microscope is an important tool in the study of microorganisms. The compound light microscope uses visible light to directly illuminate

More information

Different Types of Dispersions in an Optical Fiber

Different Types of Dispersions in an Optical Fiber International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012 1 Different Types of Dispersions in an Optical Fiber N.Ravi Teja, M.Aneesh Babu, T.R.S.Prasad, T.Ravi B.tech

More information

Physical Science 20 - Final Exam Practice

Physical Science 20 - Final Exam Practice Physical Science 20 - Final Exam Practice SHORT ANSWER IS ALL CURVED MIRRORS AND LENSES Mirrors and Lenses 1. Complete the following ray diagrams for curved mirrors. Write the 4 characteristics of each

More information

Endoscope Optics. Chapter 8. 8.1 Introduction

Endoscope Optics. Chapter 8. 8.1 Introduction Chapter 8 Endoscope Optics Endoscopes are used to observe otherwise inaccessible areas within the human body either noninvasively or minimally invasively. Endoscopes have unparalleled ability to visualize

More information

Installation Manuals Version n. 01 of 14/06/2013

Installation Manuals Version n. 01 of 14/06/2013 Technical Manuals Installation Manuals Version n. 01 of 14/06/2013 pag. 2 Index Index... 2 Introduction and general hints... 3 Curving Profile... 3 DESCRIPTION... 3 MATERIAL... 3 CERTIFICATE... 3 SIZES...

More information

Workflow Administration of Windchill 10.2

Workflow Administration of Windchill 10.2 Workflow Administration of Windchill 10.2 Overview Course Code Course Length TRN-4339-T 2 Days In this course, you will learn about Windchill workflow features and how to design, configure, and test workflow

More information

Magnification Devices

Magnification Devices LOW VISION AIDS Optical Characteristics of the Low Vision Patient The definition of visual loss includes two components and limited resolving power or acuity, a blur that can't be eliminated with a simple

More information

1051-232 Imaging Systems Laboratory II. Laboratory 4: Basic Lens Design in OSLO April 2 & 4, 2002

1051-232 Imaging Systems Laboratory II. Laboratory 4: Basic Lens Design in OSLO April 2 & 4, 2002 05-232 Imaging Systems Laboratory II Laboratory 4: Basic Lens Design in OSLO April 2 & 4, 2002 Abstract: For designing the optics of an imaging system, one of the main types of tools used today is optical

More information

Making a reflector telescope

Making a reflector telescope Making a reflector telescope telescope built by Sir Isaac Newton Replica of the first reflector Nowadays, professional astronomers use another type of telescope that is different to the first telescope

More information

Basic Geometrical Optics

Basic Geometrical Optics F UNDAMENTALS OF PHOTONICS Module 1.3 Basic Geometrical Optics Leno S. Pedrotti CORD Waco, Texas Optics is the cornerstone of photonics systems and applications. In this module, you will learn about one

More information

Introduction to Windchill Projectlink 10.2

Introduction to Windchill Projectlink 10.2 Introduction to Windchill Projectlink 10.2 Overview Course Code Course Length TRN-4270 1 Day In this course, you will learn how to participate in and manage projects using Windchill ProjectLink 10.2. Emphasis

More information