AKA The Water Cycle Continuous circulation of water in environment

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1 Water Cycle & Watersheds

2 The Hydrologic Cycle AKA The Water Cycle Continuous circulation of water in environment

3 The Hydrologic Cycle Driven by the energy sun & gravity Series of complex processes and storages Processes describe the movement of water between storage components

4 The Hydrologic Cycle Can involve a change in phase Precipitation (vapor -> liquid or solid) Evaporation and transpiration (liquid -> vapor) Condensation (vapor ->liquid) Surface runoff Infiltration, groundwater recharge, discharge and groundwater flow Stored in aquifers layers of porous underground rock where water can flow Snow accumulation, snowmelt, freeze and thaw (solid ->liquid)

5 The Hydrologic Cycle Storages - where water can be found within hydrologic cycle Oceans (96.5% of global water) Polar ice caps (1.7% of global water) Groundwater and aquifers (1.7%) Other ice and snow Lakes Soil moisture Atmospheric water Rivers and streams

6 The Hydrologic Cycle The Cycle

7 A Watershed Definition Total land area that contributes water (or drains into) a particular waterway Large watersheds AKA Drainage Basin Named for the body of water the land drains into

8 A Watershed What is a Watershed pamphlet - USDA Soil Conservation Service, All of the water within the shaded gray region drains into the central waterway and to a specific point along that waterway. The gray region is this creek s WATERSHED.

9 Go with the Flow Water follows the path of least resistance DOWNHILL Water that flows through a WATERSHED: Streams, creeks, rivers Surface runoff (water across the land surface) Groundwater (under the surface) All three interact with each other

10 Flow: Streams and Rivers Chartiers Creek McMichael s Run Side channel of Allegheny River in Pittsburgh. Creek Connections photos

11 Flow: Surface Runoff Surface Runoff can also be called Overland Flow u.edu/info/phos.html Creek Connections photograph s/nps/what_is_nps/ur ban.htm Over forested land, fields, grasslands, even parking lots Source of illustration:

12 Flow: Groundwater Under the surface, GROUNDWATER is on the move Infiltration or percolation Source of illustration:

13 Watershed s Land Area TOPOGRAPHY (Shape of the land surface) Determines what land area will make up a watershed Illustration source:

14 Watershed Topography LOW POINTS IN A WATERSHED: Stream or river itself, the valley bottom

15 Watershed Topography HIGH POINTS IN A WATERSHED: Hills, hilltops, ridges, or mountains surrounding your waterway

16 Watershed Boundary The watershed BOUNDARY created by the HIGH POINTS Source of Illustration:

17 Watershed Boundary Any water within the boundary of your watershed or precipitation that falls within the boundary will flow into your waterway.

18 Any water OUTSIDE the boundary of your watershed or precipitation that falls OUTSIDE the boundary will flow into a different waterway is part of a different watershed. Watershed Boundary

19 Watershed Boundary Dividing line between two watersheds

20 Many Watersheds Does your favorite stream have a watershed? ALL waterways, large or small, have a watershed. Waterways always have land surrounding them that drain into them. Small creeks = small watershed Large creeks = larger watershed

21 Build up a Waterway Waterways flow into one another. Small creeks flow into Tributary Large creeks which flow into LARGER CREEKS or a River

22 Build up a Watershed Watersheds interact with each other too. Small watersheds make up Larger Watersheds which make up EVEN LARGER WATERSHEDS

23 Scale Scale Scale Scale Delaware River Lopatcong Creek Unnamed Creek Watersheds work on different scales * small creeks have small watersheds * large creeks include the watersheds of many small creeks * rivers include the combined watersheds of many large creeks

24 No Watersheds Somewhere? Is there any place on land that is NOT part of a watershed? NO. Everywhere you stand on the earth s land surface drains somewhere, so it is part of a watershed, whether big or small.

25 New Jersey Watersheds How many watersheds are there in New Jersey? Any educated guesses? 10? 40? 100? Thousands? Thousands. Because every waterway, from the smallest stream to the largest river has a watershed.

26 New Jersey Waterway Facts There are approximately 157 miles of waterways in New Jersey. 4,100 lakes and ponds

27 New Jersey Watersheds How many MAJOR watersheds are there in New Jersey? 5

28 Northwest Northeast Raritan Lower Delaware Atlantic Coastal

29 New Jersey s Major Watersheds

30 North East US Major Watersheds The water does not stay in New Jersey Watershed of Northeastern United States Illustration source:

31 DELAWARE RIVER WATERSHED Illustration source:

32 Watershed Impacts Land and waterway interaction Photo below: /circ/circ1157/nawqa91.4. html Source of illustration: What we do on land affects our waterways

33 Watershed Impacts Downstream Our waterway flows into other waterways. Our watershed drains into other watersheds. Our mess / our pollution travels downstream.

34 Presentation Credits This presentation was modified from: What is a Watershed? presentation was created by: Chad Cochrane, Student Assistant Dhira Dale, Student Assistant Chris Resek, Project Coordinator Creek Connections Box 10, Allegheny College Meadville, PA Creek Connections is a watershed education project located at Allegheny College, Meadville, PA that partners with regional middle and high schools to do water quality monitoring and waterway research projects. For more information about Creek Connections: Illustration /picture sources are listed on individual slides. Presentation created for educational purposes only. NOT FOR SALE. Feel free to use in your classroom, but do not mass distribute without permission of Creek Connections.

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