GLOSSARY OF FOUNDRY TERMS

Transcription

1 GLOSSARY OF FOUNDRY TERMS Alloy Annealing Backdraft Bars Bath BHN Blasting Blind Riser Blower-core Boss Brinell Hardness Burn-in/Burn-on Cast Iron Casting Chaplet The combination of two or more chemical elements, of which at least one is a metal. Usually possesses properties different from those of the components, i.e., Cast Iron contains iron, carbon, and silicon. A process involving heating and slow cooling applied in order to alter mechanical or physical properties, particularly hardness-softening process. A reverse taper from the designed direction of draw from a pattern or corebox; prevents removal of a pattern from a mold without damage to the mold tear ups. Metal supports placed in a flask, usually the cope to reinforce sand. Molten metal pool in a ladle or furnace. Brinnell Hardness Number A process for cleaning or finishing metal objects by the high velocity imingement of sand or hard metal shot against the surface of the objects. A riser not opened to the atmosphere - see riser. A machine using air pressure to fill a corebox with sand. A projection of circular cross-section on a casting, usually intended for drilling and tapping for attaching parts. The value of hardness of a metal on an arbitrary scale representing kg/mm 2. A misnomer usually indicating metal penetration into molding and core sand resulting in a mixture of metal and sand on a casting. A term used to describe a series of ferrous alloys containing over 1.74% of carbon. Metal object obtained by pouring molten metal into a mold; also the act of pouring metal. Metal support or spacer used in molds to help hold cores in proper position.

2 Chilled Edge or Surface (Crust) Choke Coke Cope Core Core Box Core Print Core Rod Cupola Die Casting Draft Drag Draw Drier-Core Dross Dry Sand Ductile Iron Rapid cooling of thin section; causes a very hard and brittle condition; detrimental to machining. A restriction in the gating system that controls the flow rate of metal into the mold cavity. Fuel used in a cupola to melt charge materials. Source of some carbon found in iron. Upper or topmost section of a mold, flask or pattern. Shaped body of sand which forms interior of casting and also selected external features. Wood, metal or plastic box, the cavity of which has the shape of the desired core which is to be made therein. Projections on a pattern that form and locate cores in a mold. Also, projection on core or area in mold for same purpose. Steel rods imbedded in a core used to reinforce the core and strengthen it. A vertical shaft furnace lined with refractories used to produce cast iron by high temperature melting of metallic and mineral charge materials. Forcing molten metal into permanent molds (dies). (also pressure casting) The taper on vertical surfaces of a pattern which allows easy withdrawal of pattern from compacted sand mixture. Lower or bottom section of a mold, pattern or flask. To remove a pattern from a mold. Plates for supporting odd shaped cores during baking. Metal oxides and other scum on the surface of molten metal (mostly a non-ferrous term). A sand mixture that is baked to produce strong molds that are moisture free. Also called Nodular Iron. Iron in which carbon is in the form of spherical nodules.

3 Feed Metal Fin Flask Flat-back Flat-gate or Knife-gate Flow-off Fluidity Founding Gagger Gate Gating System Green Sand Guide Pin Hardness/Brinell Head Heat The volume of molten metal from which a casting feeds as it shrinks (contracts) during solidification. A thin projection of metal from the casting, formed as a result of imperfect mold or core joints. A molding box into which molding sand is placed against the pattern while the box surrounds the pattern; usually consists of a top and bottom (cope and drag). A pattern with a flat surface at the joint of the mold. It lies wholly within the drag or cope, and this joint of the mold is a plane surface. A wide gate with a narrow opening into the mold. It is used to pour thin, flat castings. A large vent, usually located at the high point of a mold cavity. In addition to letting air and mold gases escape during a pour, the flow-off fills with metal and is allowed to run or flow during the final stage of pouring. The ability of molten metal to flow easily. The sciences of melting and casting of metals into useful objects that serve the needs of industry. It is better known as metal casting. A metal piece of irregular shape (usually an L shape) used to reinforce and support sand in deep pockets of molds. There are two types: straight or hooked (cast or steel rods). That portion of a gating system where molten metal enters the mold cavity; also called an ingate. The complete assembly of sprues, runners and gates in the mold. Tempered, i.e., moistened, molding sand. The pin on a flask used to locate the cope in the proper place on the drag; also used to locate cheeks. A relative term referring to the resistance of a metal to plastic deformation from a given standard load applied on a standard penetration head. The pressure exerted by a fluid, as a head of molten metal. An individual batch of molten metal.

4 Heel Holding Furnace Ingot Inoculent Investment Casting Jolt Knock-off Riser Ladle Lap-gate Loose-Pieces Malleable Iron Mold Mold Wash Muller Mulling Natural Sand Nodular Iron Metal left in a ladle after pouring, or in a furnace after or between tapping. A vessel to hold and keep hot certain amounts of molten metal. A casting to be later forged or hot worked. Also, a form used for convenient handling of cast iron, aluminum, and other commercial metals, i.e., Pigs. Materials, which when added to molten metal, modify the structure and thereby change the physical and mechanical properties. A process where patterns are removed by a melting or burning out process, i.e., Lost Wax Process. To raise the flask filled with sand and allow it to drop, thereby compacting the sand against the pattern. Riser with a small attachment and can be knocked off with a hammer. Metal barrel-like receptacles lined with a refractory material used to transport or pour molten metal. When the connection point of ingate to casting overlaps onto the cope surface, i.e., Kiss-gate. Part of a core box or pattern which remains embedded in the core or mold and is removed after lifting off the core box or drawing the pattern. Backdraft is avoided by this means. Annealed white iron. The complete box of sand with the cavity inside and the gating system ready to accept molten metal. Refractory emulsion coating used to coat cavity walls; guards against penetration of metal into sand walls. A type of sand mixing machine. The thorough mixing of sand, water and binding ingredients to form tempered ready-to-use molding or core sand. A mixture of sand and clay that can be used for molding; found in nature. See Ductile Iron.

5 Oil Sand Core Open Riser Padding Parting Line Pattern Peel Permanent Mold Casting Plumbago Pocket Pouring Basin, Cup, Runner Box Core in which sand mass is bound by an oil-based binder. Riser whose top is open to the atmosphere through the top of the mold. The process of adding extra material to a cross-section of a casting wall, usually extending from a riser to ensure adequate feed to a localized area where sharing would occur if the added material were not present. It must be machined off of casting. The joint where mold separates to permit removal of the pattern; separates cope and drag. A form of wood, metal or plastic around which molding material is packed to produce a mold cavity for casting metals. Corresponds to shape desired for casting. Free removal of burnt molding sand from casting. Casting, using gravitational force, into molds of metal or come other material of permanence. Powdered graphite. A body of sand surrounded on all but one side by molten metal. That portion of the gating system into which molten metal is introduced. Located on top of sprue or downgate. Print Part of the core used to locate and support part of a pattern to form area in mold for same purpose; part in mold and part in core box for same purpose. Printing Back Ram Returns Riser Riser Contact To dust cavity with plumbago and reprint pattern. It smoothes the cavity surface by filling in voids. Process of packing sand in a mold using a hand, pneumatic or mechanized ramming device. Metal in the form of gates, sprues, risers or defective castings which are put back into the melting cycle. A reservoir of molten metal to supply a contracting, cooling casting with make-up metal; used to prevent internal or external voids due to shrinkage. The connecting passage between a riser and casting.

6 Runner Runner Extension Scrap Seacoal Shakeout Sharp Sand Shell Process Shot Shrinkage Slag Slag Trap Steel Sprue or Down-gate Stool Stress Raisers Strike-off Stripping Synthetic Sand That portion of a gating system which carries molten metal from the sprue to the gates, i.e., the metal distribution system. That part of a runner which extends beyond the farthest ingate as a blind end. It acts as a dirt trap and is sometimes vented. Metal to be re-melted; castings that have to be re-melted. Term applied to finely ground coal which is mixed with sands for foundry uses. The process of removing sufficiently cooled castings from a mold. Sand free from binders, i.e., new, clean sand of angular shape. Molds and cores having shell-like structures using thermo-setting resin as binders, heated patterns, and coreboxes. Metallic abrasives commonly used for cleaning casting surfaces. The difference in volume between liquid metal and solid metal in a given cavity. The non-metallic impurities found floating atop a ferrous metal bath. An enlargement, dam or protrusion in the gating or runner system in a mold for the purpose of preventing molten slag particles from entering the mold cavity. An alloy of iron and carbon, containing no more than 1.74% carbon. The vertical channel connecting the pouring basin with the runner system and terminates in the sprue well at the bottom. Device used on molding machine to hold pattern plate or refractory block used to support a crucible in a crucible furnace. Factors such as sharp changes in contour or surface defects which concentrate stresses locally. Operation of removing excess sand from top of core box or flask. Metal bar used for same purpose. Removing the pattern from the mold or core from core box. A synthetic mixture of silica sand and exact proportions of binders and additives instead of using natural sands.

7 Tear-Ups Telltale Tucking Upset Vent A defect caused by backdraft, damaged pattern or uneven drawing of pattern. Any distinguishing mark, projection, groove, etc., on pattern, core box, mold or core which acts as a guide mark for assembling matching parts. Manual pressing of sand under bars, in pockets and around gaggers where ramming alone fails to give desired density. An addition to any flask part to increase height or depth. A small opening or passage through which gases can escape during the pouring of a mold. Washburn Core A thin core which constricts the riser at the point of attachment to the (Neck-Down Core) casting. Washes Yield Refractory coating applied to molds and cores to provide protection against penetration from molten metal. Comparison of finished casting weight versus total weight of metal poured in a mold.