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1 , outsourcing outsourcing,. outsourcing,., outsourcing.,., outsourcing,,., outsourcing., outsourcing. - : (outsourcing),,, JEL Classification Code: L
2 ,,.,.,., outsourcing ),. outsourcing (, ),. outsourcing, outsourcing (Gilley et al., 2004),, outsourcing (Gilley Rasheed, 2000)., outsourcing,.,, ( ) (Bryce Useem, 1998). ( 2) outsourcing. ( 3),, ( 4).,,,,., (outsourcing),,, (Industry Commission, 1996).,,,, (,,, catering,, ) (Greaver, 1999)
3 , outsourcing outsourcing $382,5. 11% 2009 $641,2. outsourcing, Deaver (1997),,,,,. outsourcing, (Lam Han, 2005). Shaw Fair (1997) Lacity Hirschheim (1993) outsourcing,., Gilley Rasheed (2000), outsourcing,, outsourcing., Espino-Rodriguez Padron-Robaina (2005), outsourcing,., outsourcing,,,,., outsourcing (Lam Han, 2005). outsourcing (Paraskevas Buhalis, 2002), (Phillips 1996, Espino-Rodriguez Padron- Robaina 2004, Lam Han 2005).,, outsourcing. outsourcing, Cox (1996), Espino-Rodriguez Padron-Robaina (2005), (, ) ( 1).,,,. 306
4 ..,,.,,.,,.,,.,.,,., : 1 1. : 2. : 3. : 1 : Espino - Rodriguez Padron Robaina (2005). 307
5 outsourcing outsourcing,. outsourcing. : 1 : outsourcing, (Bryce Useem, 1998). outsourcing ( ) (Kremic et al., 2006). outsourcing, outsourcing, 10% 30% (Domberger 1998, Adler 2003, Henneman 2005)., outsourcing (Kakabadse Kakabadse, 2000). 2 :, (Alexander Young, 1996). 3 : outsourcing., outsourcing.,,, outsourcing, (Espino-Rodriguez Padron-Robaina, 2004). 4 :,, outsourcing (Quinn Hilmer 1994, Quinn 1999)., outsourcing,.,, (Hamel Prahalad, 1994). 308
6 5 : (,, ) (McCarthy Anagnostou, 2003). outsourcing,. 6 :, (,.),. outsourcing outsourcing,,,. 7 : outsourcing,. outsourcing,,,,,, (EACAP, 2005). 8 : (Coe, 2000). outsourcing,. (EACAP, 2005). 9 : outsourcing (Kremic et al., 2006). Espino-Rodriguez Padron- Robaina (2004), outsourcing,. 10 : -, outsourcing,,, (Campbell, 2005).,,,. 309
7 outsourcing outsourcing, : 1 :, (Embleton Wright, 1998),, outsourcing (backsourcing) (Kakabadse Kakabadse 2000, Lacity Hirschheim 1993). 2 :, outsourcing (Gonzales et al., 2005). 3 : outsourcing,. 4 :,,. 5 6 : outsourcing,, (McCarthy Anagnostou, 2003). 7 : ( ), (Grover et al. 1994, Lacity Hirschheim 1993). ( outsourcing).,, : ) ; ( ) ;, ( outsourcing); 310
8 . : ( ) ( ). (outsourcing). Espino-Rodriguez Padron- Robaina (2005). :,. outsourcing (Arnold 2000, Espino-Rodriguez Padron-Robaina 2004, 2005, Paraskevas Buhalis 2002, Rodriguez-Diaz Espino-Rodriguez 2006, Hemmington King 1998, 2000, Lamminmaki 2005, 2007, Lam Han 2005, Espino-Rodriguez Gil-Pantilla 2005),,,, ( ).,,, outsourcing. Espino-Rodriguez Padron-Robaina (2004).,, outsourcing,., outsourcing,,. outsourcing, outsourcing,.,,,
9 , ( 2.2), ( 2.2)., : 1: (outsourcing). 2: (outsourcing). 3: (outsourcing). outsourcing (de Boer et al., 2006)., (resource based view) (Richardson, 1972), (transaction cost economics) (Williamson, 1975) (Quinn Hilmer, 1994),., outsourcing (Lacity Hirschheim 1993, Nam et al. 1996),., outsourcing (Poppo Zenger, 1998), outsourcing (Espino-Rodriguez Gil-Padilla, 2005). (Rebernik Bradac, 2006)., (Barney, 1991) (Espino-Rodriguez Gil-Padilla, 2005)., outsourcing,, outsourcing (Kotabe 1989, Bettis et al. 1992, Espino-Rodriguez Padron-Robaina 2005)., ( ), outsourcing. 312
10 , Khong (2005), outsourcing,. Espino-Rodriguez Padron-Robaina (2005), outsourcing. outsourcing.,, outsourcing., Espino- Rodriguez Padron-Robaina (2005),. ( ), ( )., 3 : 4: (outsourcing). 5: (outsourcing). 6: (outsourcing). ( 1),. 313
11 Outsourcing Outsourcing Outsourcing 1(-) 4(-) 2(+) 5(+) 3(+) 6(+) 1: ( )., 500, 2 5., Espino-Rodriguez Padron-Robaina (2002, 2004, 2005),,,. / outsourcing.,,,,,,,. outsourcing. 314
12 outsourcing,. outsourcing Hamilton (1997) Patry et al. (1999). outsourcing., outsourcing.,.,,,. ( ).,, (500 ). 500, 380 ( ). (), fax.,,. 380, (90)...,. S.P.S.S (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)., (content validity). outsourcing,.. (construct validity) 315
13 ,.. Cronbach Alpha., (10) outsourcing. ( 2 ). 2: 0,783* 0,806* 0,816* 0,824* 0,727* 0,717* 0,619* 0,809* 0,608* 0,733* Cronbach Alpha = 0,911 KMO = 0,907 Bartlett Test: X 2 = 413,8, Sig. = 0,00 Total variance explained = 56,073% Eigenvalue = 2,264 * p<0,05, (9)., 62,221%. : (4 ), (3 ) (2 ) ( 3 ). 3: 316
14 - 1: Cronbach Alpha=0,736-2: Cronbach Alpha=0,779-3: Cronbach Alpha=0,570 0,794* 0,729* 0,783* 0,617* 0,801* Return on assets (ROA) 0,806* 0,687* 0,770* KMO = 0,732 Bartlett Test: X 2 = 206,7, Sig. = 0,00 Total variance explained = 62,221% Eigenvalue = 1,769 * p<0,05 0,700*.,. 4. (57,8%), 42,2% /. 64,4% 13,3%., (43,3%) 10 (46,7%) 46. 4: 317
15 : / 52 57,8% 38 42,2% : ,2% ,1% ,8% > ,9% : 8 8,9% 12 13,3% 58 64,4% 12 13,3% : < , ,1 > ,3,, outsourcing ( 5)., outsourcing (mean=5,01), (mean=4,17), (mean=4,05), (mean=3,96) (mean=3,86)., (mean=4,65), outsourcing., outsourcing,,, (Espino- Rodriguez Padron-Robaina, 2004). outsourcing (mean=1,59), (mean=1,77), (mean=2,19), (mean=2,33), (mean=2,45), (mean=2,77) (mean=2,95)., (mean=3,36) (mean=3,37), outsourcing. 5: outsourcing 318
16 Mean St.Dev. Mean St.Dev. 1,59 1,353 1,95 1,570 2,83 1,647 3,37 1,880 2,95 2,019 3,26 2,079 3,17 2,035 3,54 2,118 5,01 1,937 5,40 1,909 2,77 1,720 3,15 1,691 2,74 1,862 3,36 1,787 2,45 1,711 3,15 1,773 2,33 1,770 2,95 1,844 3,71 1,781 4,10 1,710 3,86 2,043 4,63 2,071 2,81 1,852 4,23 2,107 1,77 1,289 2,26 1,678 2,82 1,756 4,65 1,681 2,19 1,644 3,49 1,786 4,05 1,562 5,21 1,445 3,96 1,761 4,71 1,859 3,76 2,145 3,94 2,091 3,22 1,778 4,54 1,771 4,17 1,875 5,09 1,922 ( 1-6), Espino - Rodriguez Padron - Robaina (2005),,,, ( 1). 1, 2 3 1, (0,586) (p<0,01),, 1., (outsourcing) ( ). 2 3, (p<0,01), (0,447 0,570 ). 2 3., (outsourcing). 319
17 6: 1: ** 0,01 outsourcing 2: 3: 0,586** 0,447** 0,570** 4, 5 6 4, 5 6,., (3) (,, )., , 3 - ( 7)., (-0,398, p<0,01)., 4. 5,, ),,, ).,,. 5. ( 6),.,,. 6. 7: 1: 1: 2: outsourcing 2: 3: -0,017-0,027 0,011-0,398** -0,105 0,
18 3: -0,036 0,180 0,130 ** 0,01 outsourcing., ( ) outsourcing outsourcing ( ) outsourcing., outsourcing,, outsourcing,. 1, 2 3, outsourcing,,. Espino-Rodriguez and Padron-Robaina (2004), outsourcing.,,.,. outsourcing,. 4, 5 6, outsourcing,,,,. Gilley Rasheed (2000), outsourcing., outsourcing, Espino-Rodriguez and Padron-Robaina (2005),.,, 321
19 , outsourcing. Gilley Rasheed (2000), outsourcing. outsourcing.,., outsourcing,.,,, outsourcing.,,.,, outsourcing.,, outsourcing., outsourcing (Gilley Rasheed, 2000).,, outsourcing, outsourcing, outsourcing,,,. outsourcing.,. outsourcing.,,,., outsourcing. outsourcing. outsourcing.,, outsourcing. 322
20 , outsourcing., outsourcing,,, outsourcing, outsourcing, outsourcing., outsourcing,.,, outsourcing -.,,,,.,.,,.,.,,., 4 5,,,., (City Hotels), (Business Hotels), (Leisure Hotels).,., outsourcing,.,. Gilley Rasheed (2000),, outsourcing.,, 323
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23 Lamminmaki, D., (2007), «Outsourcing in Australian hotels: a transaction cost economics perspective», Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 31 (1): Mc Carthy, I. Anagnostou, A., (2003), «The impact of outsourcing on the transaction costs and boundaries of manufacturing», International journal of production economics, 88 (1): Nam, K., Rajagopalan, S., Rao, H.R. Chaudhury, A., (1996), «A twolevel investigation of information systems outsourcing», Communications of the ACM, 39 (7): Paraskevas, A. Buhalis, D., (2002), «Outsourcing IT for Small Hotels: The Opportunities and Challenges of Using Application Service Providers», Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 43 (2): Patry, M., Tremblay, M., Lanoie, P. Lacombe, M., (1999), «Why firms outsource their human resources activities: an empirical analysis». : , documents.html. Phillips, PA., (1996), «Strategic planning and business performance in the quoted UK hotel sector: results of an exploratory study», International Journal of Hospitality Management, 15 (4): Poppo, L. Zenger, T., (1998), «Testing alternative theories of the firm: transaction cost, knowledge-based, and measurement explanations for make-or-buy decisions in information services», Strategic Management Journal, 19 (9): Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G., (1990), «The core competence of the corporation», Harvard Business Review, 68 (3): Quinn, J.B. Hilmer, F.G., (1994), «Strategic Outsourcing», Sloan Management Review, 35 (4): Quinn, J.B., (1999), «Strategic outsourcing: leveraging knowledge capabilities», Sloan Management Review, 40 (4): Rebernick, M. Bradac, B., (2006), «Cooperation and opportunistic behaviour in transformational outsourcing», Kybernetes, 35 (7/8): Richardson, G.B., (1972), «The organization of industry», The Economic Journal, 82: Rodriguez-Diaz, M. Espino-Rodriguez, T. F., (2006), «Developing relational capabilities in hotels», International Journal of Hospitality Management, 18 (1): Shaw, S. Fair, H., (1997), «Outsourcing the hr function-personal threat or valuable opportunity?» Strategic Change 6, Williamson, O.E., (1975), «Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Anti- Trust Implications», Free Press, New York, NY. 326
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