3D Animation (1): Basic Object Editing

Transcription

1 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 40 3D Animation (1): Basic Object Editing 1 Introduction to Anim8or It is a f r e e w a r e for making 3D models and animations. It can be downloaded from its website: http: // 2 Computer 3D model Points and lines Face Rendered 2.1 Computer 3D objects are composed of p o i n t s, l i n e s and f a c e s. 2.2 A 3D model becomes an image or animation after R e n d e r i n g. 3 Create a simple object You can simply choose the object and drag it in the window. S p h e r e C u b e C y l i n d e r Polygon Primitive Mesh Text Modifier 4 Model Mode Different view modes can show more details of the model. Wire frame mode Flat shaded mode Smooth mode 5 Tools Object Edit Toolbox: You have to s e l e c t an object first in order to edit. Object Edit Viewpoint 6 Axis Select s i n g l e edit Move Point Edit Drag to select g r o u p edit Rotate Scale Delete object: Press D e l e t e key

2 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 41 7 View 7.1 Choose View All and you can see four different views of an object. 7.2 You have to choose a view when you edit an object. Reset View: View Reset / Reset All 7.3 Viewpoint Move view Rotate view Zoom view Fit View Fit all views 7.4 Rotate viewpoint A green circle will appear to change the view. Mouse left button Rotate view. Mouse right button Move view. Mouse center button Press and drag to Zoom in /out. Assignment Create a human model. There should be at least 2 sections for hands and legs. Save the model file Press File Save As Filename: 3*??a1.an8 Export model to JPG image Select the Perspective View, and use tool to set the view. Press Render Render to Image In the Frame Spec Editor Set Width as 800 Set Height as 600 Set Background as White Press OK when finished. Choose Save on the left hand side. In the Image File Format Editor Set Format as JPG. Set Quality as 90. File: Q:\3*\3*??a1.jpg

3 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 42 3D Animation (2): More on Object Editing 1 Other basic shapes: 1.1 Select Build Primitive to select the shape. 1.2 Select tool and drag the shape. Tetrahedron Octahedron Dodecahedron Icosahedrons Tr. Icosa. Gr. Dodeca Gr. St. Dodeca. Gr. Tr. Icosa. 2 Primitive object editor (double click the object): Sphere Cube Cylinder Div Lon Div Lat x y Div Lat Div Lon z Diameter Diameter 3 Rotate 3.1 Set the angle of rotation: Edit Rotate Rotate X 90 / Rotate Y 90 / Rotate Z Reset rotation: Edit Rotate Rotate None 4 Reset the object location: Edit Locate Center About Origin

4 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 43 5 Group 5.1 Objects can be grouped to move, scale and rotate. 5.2 Grouping objects: Build Group 5.3 Reset grouped objects: Build Ungroup Selection Scaling Rotation No grouping Grouping 6 More on selecting object 6.1 Use the r i g h t key of the mouse to select multiple objects. 6.2 Use the A L T key + right key of the mouse to cancel the selection. 7 Assignment: Aircraft 7.1 The model needs not be in scale. 7.2 Model file: 3*??a2.an8 7.3 Image file: 3*??a2.jpg (Follow the steps in the previous chapter to output image.)

5 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 44 3D Animation (3): Mesh Object 1 Mesh Object 1.1 Basic objects can only change their own sizes. In order to modify an object freely, we need to use Mesh Object. 1.2 Converting Object to Mesh Object Select an object, and then click Build Convert to Mesh Note: A mesh object cannot return to its basic form! 1.3 Free Scale Freely change the width/height/depth of the object. 2 Point Edit 2.1 A mesh object can be changed by moving the points. First choose Point Edit. 2.2 Select W i r e f r a m e mode in all views. 2.3 There are three types of point edit: p o i n t, e d g e and f a c e 3 Edit by point(s) Select Single point Move Free Scale Add Edge Select by area Rotate Scale Texture We can choose whether we want to edit the points in the front or at the back of the object. 4 Front / Back Selection Decide whether you want to select the points in front of or at the back of the object.

6 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 45 5 Edge Edit (line /side) 5.1 Select We can select a single edge or a group. 5.2 Cut Face Use it to drag a line on a mesh. Points will be added along the line for further editing Note that cutting face only adds intersection points. It does not cut an object into two. 5.3 Fill Hole Select edges that form a hole and select Edit Fill Hole. 5.4 Make a symmetric object Select a s i n g l e m e s h object Select build M i r r o r. 6 Assignment: Helmet Use point edit to make a helmet with at least 3 decorations on it. Model Filename: 3*??a3.an8 7 Follow the steps on page 39 to export image, and save it as 3*??a3.jpg

7 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 46 3D Animation (4): Material 1 Create a new material 1.1 Press and double click New. The Material Editor dialogue box will be shown up: RGB color model: It stands for r e d, g r e e n and b l u e Values range from 0 to Trans: Object t r a n s p a r e n c y Values range from 0 to When it is finished, select an object and click A p p l y. 2 Material attributes: Attributes Description Example Color of a material in a s h a d o w. Ambient Normally is the same as the d i f f u s e component. Diffuse Normally the color of a material. Specular Emissive Rough The s h i n i n e s s of the material. Usually set this color to w h i t e. The color will be the same as the diffuse color for m e t a l. It represents the l i g h t generated by a material. The greater the value, the more s h i n y the surface is. Brilliance The appearance of the diffuse component. 3 Some material examples Material Sample Ambient Diffuse Specular Emissive Rough Brilliance Red Green Blue Copper Rubber Brass Glass Plastics Pearl (More material examples:

8 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 47 4 Texture 4.1 Press or in d i f f u s e in the material editor 4.2 Press Load Texture to select the image file. 4.3 Choose the texture you want. 5 Change the texture position 5.1 Select the object and press. The texture image will be projected on the object according to the selected view. 5.2 It can only apply to m e s h objects. 5.3 Moving and scaling of the texture Mouse left key: R o t a t e Mouse right key: M o v e Mouse centre key: S c a l e 6 B u m p mapping 6.1 Bump mapping uses the b r i g h t n e s s of an image as the depth of the texture. 6.2 Bump mapping will only take effect after r e n d e r i n g. 6.3 Choose a mapping texture and press Texture, and the Surface Texture Editor will be shown: 6.4 Press button in Bumpmap to select the same texture. 6.5 Input the percentage % for the degree of bump mapping. 7 Assignment Choose one of the previous assignments and add material on it. Use at least 2 material examples provided. Set one texture. Model Filename: 3*??a4.an8 Render Image Filename: 3*??a4.jpg

9 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 48 3D Animation (5): Face Editing 1 Face Edit Mode 1.1 Select Point Edit 1.1 Point Edit 1.2 Select Edit Face 2 Select multiple faces. Click the mouse right button to select/unselect faces. 1.2 Edit Face 3 Tools Extrude face/ Extrude multiple faces Rotate face Scale face Add a peak face Add faced corners Insert tool Raise a bump face(s) Add the thickness of an object 4 Other face editing tools 4.1 Detach face from an object. Use to add points Select the upper half Edit Detach Face 4.2 Bridge It connects 2 faces or makes a hole Select 2 faces and press EditBridge The number of p o i n t s of two faces must be equal If you select faces of an object on the opposite sides, it will create a h o l e.

10 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 49 5 Subdivide 5.1 It can make the model in a soft form. ( Build Convert to Subdivided ) Warning!!! Too many subdivided objects will increase the p r o c e s s i n g t i m e. 6 Assignments: Palm or Flower Model: 3*??a5.an8 / Image 3*??a5.jpg Add a cube and use a knife tool to add points Move points to change the shape Select a face Use face extrude to make finger sections Bend the fingers Subdivided (Note: Make fingers one by one!) Make a cylinder Select 5 faces and use extrude Make the stem by Make the stem longer and bend it. Petals Subdivided (Refer to the dialogue box below) Create a cylinder by dragging the cylinder from bottom to top and set the cylinder according to the dialogue box on the right hand side.

11 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 50 3D Animation (6): Spline, Extrude and Modifier 1 Spline Spline is a l i n e. It is not a 3D object but it can help us to create 3D models. knot 1.1 Draw a spline: Press then add control points to draw a line. 1.2 Change the curvature: select a knot and drag the green line. 1.3 Knot editor (double click the knot): Smooth Corner 1.4 Close spline: press and double click the spline, then select Closed. 2 Lathe object (Build Lathe) Use this command to make an object by rotating a spline. e.g. spline rotates along the Y axis Finished Product. 3 Extrude object 3.1 Select a line tool, a polygon or a text outline. 3.2 Select Build Extrude 3.3 Set the length / depth of the object. 3.4 Set Segs (Segments) = Cap: Select for the closed end. 3.6 Axis: Select the direction of extrusion.

12 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 51 4 Modifier: Transform the object as modifier s shape. There are 5 different types of transformation: Bend Curvature Skew Taper Twist 4.1 Use to drag a rectangle to enclose the target object. 4.2 Modifier Selector: choose one of them and press OK. 4.3 Double click the modifier and set the value of the parameters in Modifier Editor. 4.4 Select both the target object and the modifier. 4.5 Select: Build Modifier Bind Modifier (Cancel: Build Modifier Unbind Modifier) 4.6 Confirm: Build Modifier Effect Modifier 4.7 Notice: The modified object will become a m e s h object Modifier only affects the enclosed area of an object. 5 Assignment: Vase 5.1 Create 3 vases by using lathe, extrude and modifier. 5.2 Model Filename: 3*??a6.an8 5.3 Image Filename: 3*??a6.jpg Project Assignment Title Requirement Characters Model (Use as many skills as possible) Use at least one skill in each chapter. Files: Model: 3*??ap.an8 Texture mapping files. Render 2 images (3*??ap1.jpg, 3*??ap2.jpg) in different views. Size: Format: J P G

13 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 52 1 Anim8or consists of 4 modes: 3D Animation (8): Figure Object Figure Build the basic object (Movable parts) Join objects to form a figure Sequence Set the motion of a figure Scene Setting figures, objects, camera and lights. 2 Break a character into parts: A figure is a combination of o b j e c t s. Usually one object refers to one movable part. In Object Mode: 2.1 Select the part and copy it: ( EditCopy / Ctrl+C ) 2.2 Create a n e w object: ( Object New ) 2.3 Paste the parts in a new object: ( EditPaste / Ctrl+V ) 2.4 Move the j o i n t to the center. 2.5 Rename the object: ( Setting Object ) 2.6 Repeat the above steps. 2.7 Choose Mode Browser to view all objects. 3 Build a figure 3.1 Select mode figure 3.2 Figure uses b o n e s to set the form. Objects are attached to the bones. 3.3 Bone Editor: First select the bone and choose the tools R o t a t e bone A d d bone Set the bone l e n g t h Display / Hide the axis Display / Hide the bone Display / Hide the objects 3.4 The steps of building a figure Select the bone in the centre : Drag the bone to add a new bone Rotate and set the length Create a new bone by choosing Finished!

14 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 53 4 Attach the object to bones Select a bone Select Build Add Object Choose object 4.1 Rotate and move the object to fit the figure. 4.2 Resize the bone to fit the object. 4.3 TIPS!! Set the arms or legs along the y -axis The joint should be placed in the c e n t e r. 4.4 Test your figure: R o t a t e the bones to see whether the object follows Check the figure in different v i e w s. 5 Assignment: Create a figure which should include 5.1 at least 10 bones; and 5.2 at least 6 objects. 5.3 Save the file as: 3*??ap.an8 (Overwrite)

15 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 54 1 Movable joint 3D Animation (9): Sequence Not all the bones in the figure can make motion. It is necessary to set some of the bones movable. 2 Bone Editor 2.1 Double click a bone you want to move: Set the bone name X / Y / Z: Select the movable direction. Min: Minimum degree of movement. Max: Maximum degree of movement. No Limit: Move freely (recommended). 2.2 If a bone is set, a sector (or circle) will be shown when pressing. The bone can move along the sector. 2.3 Naming Figure It is easier to manage the figures in Anim8or. Press Setting Figure and input the name. 3 Sequence When the bones are set, the figure is ready to set motion. 3.1 Press Mode Sequence to enter Sequence Mode. 3.2 Timeline There is a small timeline on the lower left hand side of the screen. Double click to edit the sequence: Name: Set the name of the sequence Press to select the figure. Frame: Set the total number of frame of the sequence.

16 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page When it is set, the sequence name will be shown in the timeline. Press the + button and all the movable bones will be listed. Drag this line to view more bones. 3.4 Keyframe Set the motion in some frames (keyframes). Anim8or will make the motion. Frame 0 Frame 20 Frame 40 Frame Keyframes are shown as dark spots in the timeline Different bones and different motions have their own timeline and keyframes. 3.5 Set the motion Press the key button Select a bone to move Select a frame in timeline Move the bone by pressing Play the sequence. 4 More on sequence 4.1 Delete a sequence: Edit Delete sequence 4.2 Add another new sequence: Sequence New 5 Assignment Set the sequence by using the previous file: 3*??ap.an8 and save all your work in the same file.

17 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 56 3D Animation (10): More on Sequence 1 Use the mouse to control the sequence. Different colors refer to different axes. Z axis X axis Z Y Y axis X Axis Color of the axis Mouse key View used X Green Left Left Y Blue Right Top Z Red Center Front 2 Edit joint sequence in timeline. Double click a frame of a bone and input the value. Input value Delete the setting 3 Show /Hide the sequence Axis Object Bone Sequences 4 Loop Playing Press Option Loop Sequence 5 Assignment: Render motion sequence 5.1 Select ModeScene 5.2 Select Build Add Figure (Select the figure) 5.3 Select Build Add Sequence (Select the sequence) 5.4 Select View Perspective (SettingEnvironmentGround Grid: NO) 5.5 Select Render Render Movie input Q:\3*\3*??ap in File Press OK 5.6 Select DivX (or XviD ) in 壓縮程式 press OK

18 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 57 3D Animation (11): Scene 1 Introduction: 1.1 Besides making objects and figures, 3D animation consists of the following elements B a c k g r o u n d L i g h t C a m e r a 2 Scene Mode 2.1 Select Mode Scene 2.2 The screen layout is shown as follows. 2.3 There is g r o u n d g r i d in scene mode. 3 Camera 3.1 Press to display / hide the camera and light. 3.2 Camera can m o v e, r o t a t e and z o o m along timeline, and the c a m e r a v i e w will change too. 4 Adding figure and sequence 4.1 Select Build Add Figure and select the figure. 4.2 Select Build Add Sequence and select the sequence Note: Select the f i r s t frame to add sequence.

19 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 58 5 Controlling object movement We can move, rotate and scale the object or light. 5.1 Press before setting animation. 5.2 Use to move and rotate the object. 6 Lights There is a default light in the scene, but you should add your own lights. 6.1 Add light Select Build Add Light, the Light Editor will be shown on the right: Fixed Properties Type Infinite Local Spot Light changes on movement Light changes on rotation Shape Example Sun Light Bulb Torch Effect 7 Assignment: 7.1 Use the previous file (3*??ap.an8) and save all your work in the same file. 7.2 Add figure, sequence, motion and rotation. 7.3 Add light effect. 7.4 Set camera motion.

20 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 59 3D Animation (12): Scene Editing 1 Delete object/figure/light: Edit Delete Element 2 Delete scene: Edit Delete Scene 3 Environment Setting 3.1 Press Setting Environment. 3.2 Background Solid: Plain color Image: Still image sticks with the camera view Panorama: Background moves on when camera is moving. 3.3 Ground Grid: 3.4 Fog Object fades out gradually when they are far from the camera Start: The distance where the fog starts End: The distance where the fog ends Max: The maximum degree of fog effect (NO 100%). 4 Shadow We have to activate the shadow effect in both l i g h t and o b j e c t. 4.1 Setting shadow effect in light Double click the light source, and press Advanced: Tick the option Cast Shadow. 4.2 Setting shadow effect in Object Double click the object and tick the options: Cast: Make shadow to others Receive: Other objects cast shadow on itself. 4.3 Shadow takes effect after r e n d e r i n g!

21 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 60 5 Path 5.1 When the object movement is set, press to show the path of the object movement. 5.2 Press to edit the path like position, direction and the curvature. 6 Orientation 6.1 Besides using the mouse, orientation (direction) can be set in these ways: Parent: User defines it (press and use the mouse) Path: Direction changes along the path Facing other (object): Input the object name in Other. 6.2 Note: set all the values to in Orientation (PYR) when using Path or Facing Other. 6.3 This is also applicable in light and camera. 6.4 Delete all the orientation keys for that object in timeline. 7 Assignment: 7.1 Use the previous file (3*??ap.an8) and save all your work in the same file. 7.2 Set the motion for figure(s), object(s), light(s) and camera. 7.3 Scene setting: Background, fog and shadow.

22 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 61 3D Animation (13): Import Model and Advanced Scene Setting 1 Creating a free form terrain: 1.1 In o b j e c t mode, make a new object (object new) 1.2 Create a cube and set the value as shown. 1.3 Convert it to Mesh Object: BuildConvert to Mesh 1.4 Delete the bottom part in Point Edit Mode. 1.5 Edit terrain shape: Select p o i n t s in t o p view (do not select the f a c e s ) Move the point(s) up and down in f r o n t / s i d e view Repeat the above steps When it is finished, press Build Convert to Subdivided to get a smooth terrain. 1.6 Terrain texture mapping Find image using keyword: T e x t u r e in search engine.(e.g.: grass texture) Select top view Use the c e n t e r key of the mouse to set the texture scale Bump mapping In material editor, select T e x t u r e In the row Bumpmap : Set value = 100 and select the desire image. Edit (Wireframe view) Outcome (Smooth View) Subdivided

23 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 62 2 Import other models (P:\S3CL-DT\3D_Models_URL) 2.1 Besides using the self-made model, you can import other models. 2.2 Select: ObjectImport 2.3 Model file format: an8, 3 d s, l w o 2.4 Note that models usually include the mapping images. 3 Other animation setting in Scene mode 3.1 Hiding Object Double click the object and DO NOT tick the option Visible It is an animation option, therefore objects can be shown or hidden at any time. 4 Field of View (Camera Z o o m ) 4.1 Double click the camera, and set the FOV value. 4.2 The higher the value is, the wider the field of view is. 4.3 The FOV value can also be changed in different time intervals. Field of View (FOV) = 20 Field of View (FOV) = 90 5 Project Requirements. Criteria Score (%) Figure Setting 20 Sequence Setting 20 Camera Setting 15 Light Setting 15 Background and scene setting 10 Other objects (import, terrain ) 10 Extra skills (Self Learning) 10

24 S3 CL / D&T Notes (W. L. Cheung) Page 63 3D Animation (14): Output Animation 1 Playback speed 1.1 The default playback speed (frame rate) in Anim8or is 24, therefore there are marks 00, 01, 02 in every 24 frames. 1.2 Note that the playback only takes effect in movie after r e n d e r i n g. 1.3 In order to change the frame rate, select View Preference, and choose the desired frame rate, or you can type the frame rate in Other : 2 Edit the length of the animation: 2.1 Double click timeline (or press Setting Scene ). 2.2 If the frame length in the scene is smaller than the sequence frame, some sequences will not be shown after rendering. 3 Output project 3.1 Save the file as 3*??ap.an8 3.2 Select View Camera 3.3 Press RenderRender Movie 3.4 Filename: Q:\3*\3*??ap.avi 3.5 Format: AVI 3.6 Width and Height: 400, Press OK 3.8 Choose D i v x or X v i D in 壓縮程式 3.9 Press 確定 to start rendering the movie.