GROUND WATER LEVEL SCENARIO IN INDIA (Pre Monsoon -2013)

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2 GROUND WATER LEVEL SCENARIO IN INDIA (Pre Monsoon -2013) CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES GOVT OF INDIA 1

3 GROUND WATER LEVEL SCENARIO IN INDIA (Pre Monsoon -2013) Contents Page no. 1. Introduction 2 2. Rainfall Pattern 2 3. Ground Water Level Scenario in India 9 4. State Wise Ground Water Level Scenario Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh Uttaranchal West Bengal 32 2

4 1.0 Introduction Monitoring of ground water regime is an effort to obtain information on ground water levels and chemical quality through representative sampling. The important attributes of ground water regime monitoring are ground water level, ground water quality and temperature. The primary objective of establishing the ground water monitoring network stations is to record the response of ground water regime to the natural and anthropogenic stresses of recharge and discharge parameters with reference to geology, climate, physiography, land use pattern and hydrologic characteristics. The natural conditions affecting the regime involve climatic parameters like rainfall, evapotranspiration etc., whereas anthropogenic influences include pumpage from the aquifer, recharge due to irrigation systems and other practices like waste disposal etc. Ground water levels are being measured four times a year during Pre Monsoon, March/April/May, August, November and January. The ground water regime monitoring was started in the year 1969 by Central Ground Water Board. At present a network of observation wells located all over the country are being monitored. Ground water samples are being collected from these observation wells once a year during the month of March/April/May to obtain background information of ground water quality changes on regional scale. The Groundwater level data is collected from all the states except Mizoram & Sikkim and UTs of Daman & Diu and Lakshadweep where Water level monitoring is not being carried out. The groundwater level monitoring for Andaman and Nicobar is done but the data is not entered in GEMS. The database thus generated forms the basis for planning the ground water development and management programme. The ground water level and quality monitoring is of particular importance in coastal as well inland saline environment to assess the changes in salt water/fresh water interface as also the gradual quality changes in the fresh ground water regime. This data is used for assessment of ground water resources and changes in the regime consequent to various development and management activities. 2.0 Rainfall Pattern Apart from annual draft of ground water for various purposes, quantum of monsoon and non-monsoon rainfall and its component being recharged to the ground water is major controlling factor of the depth to water levels and it s annual, seasonal or decadal fluctuations. Thus study of rainfall experienced during monsoon season, winter season and pre-monsoon season rainfall and its pattern is very important for understanding spatial and temporal variations in water levels. As per the Climatic bulletins of IMD for monsoon period of 2012, winter and premonsoon period of 2013 the rainfall pattern has been studied and discussed in the following sections. 2.1 Southwest Monsoon-2012 During the 2012 SW monsoon season the actual season (June to September) 3

5 rainfall over the country as a whole and four broad geographical regions are given in the table-1 below along with respective long period average (LPA) values. The rain fall during the 4 monsoon months and second of the monsoon season (August + September) over the country as a whole are given as below. As seen in the table-1 the season rainfall over the country as a whole and four geographical regions of country were less than the respective LPAs. Month wise the rainfall during the first two months (June and July) was below its LPA values. However, monthly rainfall for August and September as well as total rainfall during the second half monsoon season was higher than its LPA values. Table -1 Season (June to September) rain fall Actual Rain fall for 2012 SW Region LPA Monsoon Season (mm) Rain fall Rain fall (mm) (% of LPA) All India Northwest India Central India Northeast India South Peninsula Monthly and second half of the Monsoon season rainfall over the country as a whole (All India) Actual Rain fall for 2012 SW Month LPA Monsoon Season (mm) Rain fall Rain fall (mm) (% of LPA) June July August September August + September The season rainfall from 1st June to 30 September 2012 was excess only in one Subdivision (Andaman & Nicobar Islands) which constitutes 0.3 % of the total area of the country, normal in 22 meteorological subdivisions (67% of the total area of the country) and deficient in 13 meteorological subdivisions (32.7 % the total area of the country). In June, deficient or scantly rainfall was observed over most of the subdivisions (27 out of 36), excess rainfall was observed over 2 subdivisions (Sub Himalayan West Bengal & Sikkim and Assam & Meghalaya) and normal over Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Konkan & Goa, Coastal Karnataka, Telangana, Arunachal Pradesh and NMMT(Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, and Tripura). During July, the rainfall over most of the subdivisions from 4

6 northwest India except 2 subdivisions (east Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand) was deficient or scantly. Other subdivisions that received deficient / scantly July rainfall were Kerala, all 3 subdivisions from Karnataka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, subdivisions from Gujarat and NMMT. The remaining 19 subdivisions received normal and 2 subdivisions (west Madhya Pradesh and Rayalseema) excess rainfall. Source: IMD Sub-division-wise rainfall distribution over India during southwest monsoon season (June to September) 2012 In August, rainfall activity picked up and rainfall over 19 subdivisions was normal and 7 subdivisions received excess rain fall. However, the August rainfall in 10 subdivisions (mostly from east and northeast India and Gujarat along with Marathwada) was deficient or 5

7 scanty. In September, normal/excess rainfall was observed over 28 subdivisions. However, NMMT, Haryana, west Uttar Pradesh and 5 subdivisions from interior and eastern part of south Peninsula were deficient. (Plate-1) 2.2 Winter Season 2013 Rainfall activity during the winter season (Jan-Feb-2013) over the country as a whole was above normal. It was below normal during January (60 % of LPA) and was substantially above normal during February (181 % of LPA). Many subdivisions of north India received about two to three times of their respective normal rainfall. Except for the eastern/north-eastern region which received less rainfall, excess/normal rainfall was observed throughout the country. 6

8 As seen in the map (Plate-2) for winter season, out of 36 meteorological subdivisions, 25 received excess rainfall, 4 received normal rainfall, 2 received deficient rainfall and 5 received scanty rainfall. Map also shows the subdivision wise spatial pattern of rainfall (cm) and rainfall statistics (mm) for the winter season (January-February 2013). Extreme northern parts of the country and some parts of peninsula received more than 5 cm of rainfall. Parts of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir received 20 to 30 cm of rainfall. For the winter season 2013, rainfall for the country as a whole was 126% of its Long Period Average (LPA) value. Map shows the area weighted seasonal rainfall over the country as a whole for the period, The rainfall for the season this year was 51.4 mm (Normal 40.9). Except for the east-northeast India, all other homogeneous regions received above normal rainfall. Southern peninsula as a whole received nearly twice of its normal rainfall. 2.3 Premonsoon-2013 Rainfall activity over the country during the premonsoon season-2013 (March May) as a whole was below normal. It was substantially below normal during March (49 % of LPA), below normal during April (77% of LPA) and was near normal during May (91 % of LPA). As seen in the map (Plate-3) showing subdivision wise rainfall pattern for premonsoon period-2013, Meteorological subdivisions of Central, north-eastern and some peninsular region of the country received excess/normal rainfall. Bihar and Gangetic West Bengal received about one and half times of its respective normal rainfall. During the season, out of 36 meteorological subdivisions, 4 received excess rainfall, 12 received normal rainfall, 13 received deficient rainfall and 7 received scanty rainfall. Subdivision wise rainfall statistics (mm) for the Pre-monsoon season (March-May 2013) is shown in the map. It shows the spatial pattern of rainfall (cm) received during the season. Extreme northern parts of the country, parts of southwest peninsula, the Arabian Sea Islands and eastern/ northeastern 7

9 region of the country received more than 10 cm of rainfall. Parts of extreme northeastern region of the country and the Bay Islands received more than 30 cm of rainfall. For the Premonsoon season 2013, rainfall for the country as a whole was 78% of its Long Period Average (LPA) value. During the season this year, rainfall was below normal over all the homogeneous regions and was nearly half its LPA value over the northwest India. Table-2 given shows subdivision wise actual, normal rainfall and departures for premonsoon Maximum positive departure is observed in the subdivisions of Saurashtra and Kutch and maximum negative departure is observed in Vidarbha. 8

10 9 Plate-4

11 3.0 Ground Water Level Scenario in India 3.1 Ground Water Level Scenario Pre Monsoon The ground water level data for the pre Monsoon 2013 indicate that out of the total wells analysed, 526 (4 %) wells are showing water level less than 2 m bgl, 3082 (25 %) wells are showing water level in the depth range of 2-5 m bgl, 5125 (41%) wells are showing water level in the depth range of 5-10 m bgl, 2900 (23%) wells are showing water level in the depth range of m bgl, 654 (5 %) wells are showing water level in the depth range of m and remaining 205 (2 %) wells are showing water level more than 40 m bgl (Fig-1 and Annexure-I). The maximum depth to water level of mbgl is observed in Rajasthan where the minimum is less than 1 mbgl. The pre Monsoon 2013 data indicates that in Sub-Himalayan area, north of river Ganges and in the north eastern part of the country in the Brahmaputra valley, eastern coast of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu states generally the depth to water level varies from 2-5 meter below ground level. Isolated pockets of shallow water level less than 2 m bgl have been observed in west Maharashtra and in parts of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh state. In major parts of north-western states depth to water level generally ranges from m bgl. In the western parts of the country deeper water level is recorded in the depth range of m bgl. In North Gujarat, parts of Haryana and western Rajasthan water level more than 40 m bgl is recorded. Along the eastern & western coast water level is generally less than 10 m. Central part of West Bengal state recorded water level in the range of 5-20 m bgl. In north central India water level generally varies between m bgl, except in isolated pockets where water level less than 10 m bgl has been observed. The peninsular part of country generally recorded a water level in the range of 5 to 20 m bgl depth range. (Plate-4) Fig- 1 10

12 3.2 Water Level Fluctuation (Pre Monsoon 2013 to Pre Monsoon 2012) The water level fluctuation for Pre Monsoon 2013 to Pre Monsoon 2012 shows that out of 9169 wells analysed 4895 (56%) are showing fall and 3792 (44%) are showing rise in water level. Remaining 482 stations analysed do not show any change in water level. About 34% wells are showing rise in the water level in the range of less than 2 m. About 6% wells 11

13 are showing rise in water level in 2-4 m range and 4% wells showing rise in water level more than 4 m range. About 56 % wells are showing decline in water level, out of which 43% wells are showing decline in water level in less than 2 m range. About 8% wells are showing decline in water level in 2-4 m range. Only 5% wells are showing decline in water level more than 4 m range. (Fig-2 and Annexure-II) A comparison of depth to water level data of Pre Monsoon 2013 with Pre Monsoon 2012 reveals that in general, there is decline in the water level in north-west, west, east, central and southern parts of the country specially in the states of Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, western parts of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. Most of the wells have been showing fall of water level in the range of 0-2 m. Fall in water level more than 2 meters has been observed in north western, western, southern and west coastal parts of the country covering states/ UT s such as Chandigarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu etc. Fall of more than 4 m observed in western and southern parts of the country. Parts of states of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu show fall of more than 4 m. (Plate-5) Rise in water level in the range of 0-2 m and 2-4 m is observed mostly in central, eastern and north eastern parts of the country as observed in states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, D&DN, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, West Bengal. Fig- 2 12

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15 3.3 Water Level Fluctuation with Mean [Pre Monsoon ( ) to Pre Monsoon 2013] A comparison of depth to water level of Pre Monsoon 2013 with decadal mean Pre Monsoon ( ) indicate that about 44% of wells are showing rise in water levels, out of which 33% wells are showing rise of less than 2 m range. About 7% wells are showing rise in water in the range of 2-4 m and about 4% wells are showing rise in water in range of more than 4 m. About 56% wells are showing decline in water level, out of which 40 % wells are showing decline in water in the range of 0-2 m. 10% wells are showing decline in water level in 2-4 m range and remaining 6% are in the range of more than 4 m. Decline in water level more than 4 m is mostly prominent in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Andhra Pradesh. Rise in water level more than 4 m is observed mostly in the Gujarat, southern Rajasthan, western Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra state. In southern states mostly a fall in the range of 0 to 4 m is observed. (Fig-3 and Annexure-III) In general, there is decline in the water level in north- west, north, east, southern, central and north eastern parts of the country. Maximum fall is observed in and around Delhi and parts of western Rajasthan. A rise in water level is also observed in almost all parts of the country as patches and especially in central India, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu states (Plate- 6). The pattern exhibited by fluctuation during pre monsoon this year with respect to decadal mean is almost similar to that of annual fluctuation for pre monsoon period ( ). During both the analyses, it has been observed that there is a fall at 56% of stations. Only difference is increase in number of wells showing fall of more than 4 m from 451 for annual fluctuation to 622 for decadal fluctuation. Fig- 3 14

16 4.0 The State wise scenario of ground water level and comparison with previous year water level as well as change with decadal average has been discussed in the following paragraphs Andhra Pradesh Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon Analysis of 1084 wells indicate that the depth to water table in 6% wells is less than 2 m bgl, whereas it ranges from 2-5 m bgl in 32% wells, 5-10 m bgl 39% wells, m bgl in 19 % wells and m bgl in 3 % wells. Only about 1% wells show water level of more than 40 m bgl. Water level varies between ground level in Guntur district to m bgl in Nizamabad district. The depth to water level map of Pre Monsoon 2013 shows that the depth to water level of 5-10 m bgl and m bgl is more prevalent in the entire state while the coastal tract is characterized by depth to water levels in the range of 2-5 mbgl. Shallow water level less than 2 m bgl are noticed in parts of Vishakhapatnam, East Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Prakasham and Nellore and in small parts in Srikakulam, Vijayanagram district of coastal region. Depth to water level ranging between 5-10 m bgl is observed in major parts of Telangana and Rayalaseema regions and as small patches in all the districts. Depth to water level ranging between 10 to 20 m bgl is noticed in Mahbubnagar, Rangareddy, Medak and Nizamabad districts and as small patches of all others districts of Telangana region. Depth to water level varying between 20 and 40 m is noticed in Mahbubnagar and Rangareddy and Medak districts of Telangana region. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water level of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared to that of Pre Monsoon 2012 shows that there is dominantly rise in water level in entire state. Water level rise is seen in almost all the districts of the state. About 56% of the wells analysed shows rise in water level. Out of this, 40% of the wells show rise in water level in the range of less than 2 m. A rise of 2-4 m is observed in 11% of the wells analysed and fall of more than4 m is noticed in 5% of the wells. About 44% of wells analysed have shown fall in water level with majority of wells (34%) showing fall in the range of 0-2 m, 7% fall of 2 to 4m and 3% fall of more than 4m. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The water level data of Pre Monsoon 2013 has been compared with decadal mean (Pre Monsoon 2003 to Pre Monsoon 2012) to assess the rise/fall in water level of this year with respect to long term average of the corresponding period. Out of 729 wells analyzed

17 (52%) show a fall in water levels where as 349 (48%) show a rise in water levels. More than 46% wells show decline in the range of 0-4 m Assam Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon In general depth to water level scenario in the state depicted a water level within 2 to 5 m bgl and 5 to 10 m bgl. Around 16% stations recorded water level within 2 m bgl and around 62% wells recorded water level between 2-5 m bgl. About 20% wells recorded water level between 5-10 m bgl. About 2% wells recorded water level between m bgl. A shallow water level within 2 m bgl was mostly recorded in pockets only. The minimum depth to water level in the state was recorded as 0.39 bgl and maximum depth to water level has been recorded as m bgl in Dhubri district. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water level of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared to that of Pre Monsoon 2012 shows that there is dominantly rise in water level in the state. About 63% of the wells analysed showings rise in water level. Out of this, 47% of the wells showing rise in water level in less than 2 m range. A rise of 2-4 m is observed at 11% of the wells analyzed and a rise of more than 4 m is noticed at 5% of the wells. About 37% of wells analysed have shown fall in water level with majority of wells (35%) showing fall in the range of 0-2 m and only 2% wells show fall of more than 2 m. Fall in water level has been observed in few pockets only. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The water level data of Pre Monsoon 2013 has been compared with decadal mean (Pre Monsoon 2003 to Pre Monsoon 2012) to assess the rise/fall in water level of this year with respect to long term average of the corresponding period. Out of 194 wells analyzed 89 (46%) show a fall in water levels where as 105 (54%) show a rise in water levels. More than 42% wells show decline in the range of 0-2 m. 16

18 4.03 Bihar Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon During the Pre Monsoon 2013 water level measurement, a total of 185 wells have been monitored. About 4 % of the wells are showing water level in the range 0-2 m bgl. About 54% of the wells are showing water level in the range 2-5 m bgl and 41% of the wells analysed are showing water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl. About 1% of the wells are showing water level in the range m bgl. Water level ranges from 0.44 m bgl in Nawada district to m bgl in Jamui district Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water level data of Pre Monsoon 2013 was compared to Pre Monsoon 2012 and the analysis shows that in general there is rise in water level in entire state. About 60% of the wells analysed are showing rise in the water level. Out of this 51% wells have shown a rise in 0-2 m range. About 7% of the wells have shown rise in 2-4 m range. About 2% of the wells have shown rise in more than 4 m range. About 40% of the wells analysed are showing falls in the water level. Out of this 38% of the total wells have shown a fall within 0-2 m range. Only 2% of monitoring wells shows fall in water level in the range of more than 2 m. Maximum 6.22 m rise in water level has been recorded in the State and Maximum 3.98 m fall in water level has been recorded in the State. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The water level data of Pre Monsoon 2013 has been compared with decadal mean (Pre Monsoon 2003 to Pre Monsoon 2012) to assess the rise/fall in water level of this year with respect to long term average of the corresponding period. Out of 181 wells analysed 93 (51%) show a fall in water levels where as 88 (49%) show a rise in water levels. More than 48% wells show decline in the range of 0-2 m bgl. 17

19 4.04 Chhattisgarh Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon In general, the depth to water level ranges up to 10 m bgl in approximately 80% of the observation wells in the state. Deeper water levels ranging between 10 and 20 m bgl occur approximately in 17% of the observation wells and mostly in parts of Bilaspur, Durg, Raigarh, and Surguja districts. Around 2% of the monitored wells is showing water levels between 0-2 m bgl and is seen in patches only. Water levels in the range of 2-5 m bgl are recorded in about 20% of the observation wells monitored. Nearly 58% of observation wells are exhibiting water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 When compared the water level of Pre Monsoon 2013, with Pre Monsoon 2012, about 44% of the observation wells are showing fall in water level. Fall of water level in the range of 0-2m is observed in 36% of the observation wells and are distributed in southern districts of the state. Fall of water level in the range of 2-4m is observed in 6% and in the range of more than 4 m is observed in about 2% of the wells monitored. Rise of water level is recorded in about 56 % of the monitored wells the state. Rise of water level in the range of 0-2 m is observed in about 49 % of the monitored wells. Rise in the range of 2 to 4 m and more than 4 m is observed in 5% and 2 % of the monitored wells respectively. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) When compared the decadal mean water level (Pre Monsoon 2003 to Pre Monsoon 2012) with water level in Pre Monsoon 2013, about 55% of observation wells are showing a rise in water level. Out of the wells monitored, 43% of the wells are showing a rise up to 2 m, 8% of the monitored wells show rise between 2 to 4 meters and 4% of the monitored wells are showing a rise in water level of more than 4 m. Fall of water level as compared to the decadal mean is observed in 45% of the monitored wells. About 36% of the monitored wells are showing a fall in the range of 0-2m, whereas 7% of the monitored wells are showing a fall in the range of 2-4 m. Fall in water level of more than 4m is observed in 2% of the monitored wells. 18

20 4.05 Delhi Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon The depth to water level recorded in the state of Delhi during Pre Monsoon 2013 ranged from 1.97 m bgl to m bgl. It is observed that 25% of the wells have shown water level in the range of 2-5 m bgl. About 26% of the wells analysed have shown water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl and 25% of the wells have shown water level in the range of m bgl. Deeper water level in the range of m bgl and more than 40 m bgl are shown by 12% of the wells analysed in both the ranges. Deeper water level of mbgl is observed in South & South West districts where as water levels of more than 40 m bgl are observed in South districts. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water levels of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared to water level of Pre Monsoon 2012 in the state indicates that about 77% of the wells analysed have recorded a fall in water level, out of which 69% of analysed wells have recorded a fall in the range of 0 to 2 m, 5% of analysed wells have shown fall in the range of 2 to 4 m and 3% of the wells have shown fall more than 4 m. About 23% of the wells have shown rise in water level, out of this 21% have recorded rise in the range of 0 to 2m. About 1% of the wells have shown rise in water level in the range of 2 to 4 m and remaining 1% wells shows rise in water level more than 4 m range. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The fluctuation of water level during Pre Monsoon 2013, when compared with the Decadal means (Pre Monsoon ) indicates that in general there is rise and fall in water level. About 37% of analysed wells have shown rise in water level. Out of this 31% of the wells have shown rise in the range of 0-2 m, 6% of analysed wells have shown rise in the range of 2 to 4 m. About 63% wells have shown a decline in water level. Out of this 33% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of 0-2 m, 18% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of 2-4 m, 12% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of more than 4 m. 19

21 4.06 Goa Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon The depth to water level recorded in the state of Goa during Pre Monsoon 2013 ranges from 1.68m bgl to m bgl in North Goa. It is observed that out of 43 monitored wells, 7% wells show less than 2 m bgl water level, 42% wells show 2 to 5 m bgl water level, 37% wells show 5 to 10 m bgl water level and 14% wells show10 to 20 m bgl water level. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water levels of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared to water level of Pre Monsoon 2012 in the state of Goa indicate that about 51% of the wells analysed have recorded a fall in water level. Out of which 41% of analysed wells have recorded a fall in the range of 0 to 2 m, 8% of analysed wells have shown fall in the range of 2 to 4 m and 2% of the wells have shown fall more than 4 m. About 49% of the wells have shown rise in water level, out of this 46% have recorded rise in the range of 0 to 2m. About 3% of the wells have shown rise in water level in the range of 2 to 4 m. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The fluctuation of water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with the Decadal means (Pre Monsoon ) indicates that about 44% of analysed wells have shown a rise in water level. Out of this 37% of the wells have shown rise in the range of 0 to 2 m. The remaining 7% wells have shown a rise in water level in the range of more than 2 m. About 56% wells have shown a decline in water level. Out of this 47% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of 0-2 m, 7% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of 2-4 m, 2% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of more than 4 m Gujarat Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon The depth to water table for 3% of the wells analysed have shown water level in the range of 0-2 m bgl, 15% of the wells have shown water level in the range of 2-5 m bgl. About 35% of the wells analysed have shown water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl and 34% of the wells have shown water level in the range of m bgl. Deeper water level in the range of m bgl and more than 40 m bgl are shown by 11% and 2% of the wells analysed. The depth to water level recorded in the state of Gujarat during Pre Monsoon 2013 ranged from 0.05 m bgl in Surendranagar districts to m bgl in Kutch district. 20

22 Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water level data of Pre Monsoon 2013 compared to Pre Monsoon 2012 shows that in general there is rise and fall in water level in entire state. About 36% of the wells analysed shows rise in the water level. Out of this 27% wells have shown a rise in 0-2 m range. About 5% of the wells have shown rise in 2-4 m range and about 4% wells has shown rise in water in more than 4 m. About 64% of the total wells have shown a fall in water level. Out of this 39% wells have shown a fall in 0-2 m range. About 14% of the wells have shown fall in 2-4 m range and about 11% wells has shown fall in water level in more than 4 m. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The water level data of Pre Monsoon 2013 has been compared with decadal means (Pre Monsoon 2003 to Pre Monsoon 2013) to assess the rise/fall in water level of this year with respect to long term average of the corresponding period. About 56% of monitoring wells shows decline in water level and rest 44% wells are showing rise in water level. About 29% of wells shows rise in the 0-2 m range and 9% wells showing rise in the 2-4 m range. 6% wells are showing rise in water level more than 4 m. 31% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of 0-2 m, 15% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of 2-4 m and 10% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of more than 4 m Haryana Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon About 4% of wells monitored have reported water level up to 2 m bgl. About 19% of the wells monitored falls within the range of 2-5 m bgl. About 28% of the wells monitored falls within the range of 5-10 m bgl. Moderately deep water levels i.e m bgl occurs in major parts of the State, observed at 29% of the monitored wells. Deep water levels i.e m bgl is seen at 18% of the monitored wells. Very deep water levels more than 40 m bgl are seen at 2% of the monitored wells. The depth to water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 varies from 1.15 m bgl in Sirsa district to m bgl in Bhiwani district. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 The water level data of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with Pre Monsoon 2012 indicates that there is rise in water levels in about 34% of the wells monitored. In most of the area the rise is in the range of 0-2 m. About 30 % of the wells monitored show rise in 21

23 the range between 0-2 m. The water level rise in the range between 2-4 m and more than 4 m have been observed at about 2% wells monitored each. Decline in water level has been recorded in 66% of the wells. Fall in range of 0-2m has been recorded in 51% wells. The 12% of wells shows fall in water level in 2-4 m range. The 3% of wells shows fall in water level in more than 4 m range. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The fluctuation of water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with the average water levels of past decade (Decadal mean Pre Monsoon ) indicates in general there is decline as well as rise in water level in entire state. About 66% of monitored wells have registered decline in water level. The decline of 0-2 m has been observed at about 41% of the wells analysed. About 13% of wells reported decline in water level between 2-4 m. A decline of more than 4m has been recorded in 12% of monitored wells. About 34% of wells analysed have shown rise in water levels. Rise in the range of 0-2 m has been recorded in 29% of monitored wells. Water level rise in order of 2-4m has been recorded at 4% of wells analyzed and about 1% shows a rise of more than 4 m Himachal Pradesh Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon It is observed that 7% of the wells are showing water level in the range of 0-2 m bgl, 35% of the wells are showing water level in the range of 2-5 m bgl About 30% of the wells are showing water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl while 25% of the wells are showing water level in the range of m bgl. Deep water levels of more than 20 m are shown by 3% wells. The depth to water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 varies from 0.60 m bgl in Mandi district to m bgl in Sirmaur district of the state. About 42% of the wells show water level of less than 5 mbgl mostly occurring in Balh Valley of Mandi District, parts of Kangra, Una, & Sirmaur districts and also in other localized areas of other districts. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water level data of Pre Monsoon 2013 compared to Pre Monsoon 2012 shows that in general there is rise and fall in water level in entire state. About 59% of the wells analysed shows rise in the water level. Out of this 52% wells have shown a rise in 0-2 m range. About 4% of the wells have shown rise in 2-4 m range and about 3% wells has shown rise in water in more than 4 m. About 41% of the total wells have shown a fall in water level. Out of this 37% wells have shown a fall in 0-2 m range. About 2% of the wells have shown fall in 2-4 m range and about 2% wells has shown fall in water level in more than 4 m. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The water level data of Pre Monsoon 2013 has been compared with decadal means (Pre Monsoon 2003 to Pre Monsoon 2013) to assess the rise/fall in water level of this year with respect to long term average of the corresponding period. About 50% of monitoring wells shows decline in water level and rest 50% wells are showing rise in water level. About 41% of wells shows rise in the 0-2 m range and 4% wells showing rise in the 2-4 m range.5% wells are showing rise in water level more than 4 m. 46% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of 0-2 m, 3% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of 2-4 m and 1% of the wells have shown decline in water level in the range of more than 4 m. 22

24 4.10 Jammu & Kashmir Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon It is observed that about 17% wells have less than 2 m bgl water level, mainly in outer plain areas. About 48% of the wells analysed have shown water level in the range of 2-5 m bgl. About 19% wells have shown water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl. About 7% wells have 10 to 20 m bgl water level and the remaining 9% wells have more than 20 m bgl water level. The depth to water level recorded in the state of Jammu & Kashmir during Pre Monsoon 2013 ranged from 0.45 m bgl in Kathua district to m bgl in Jammu district. All the areas of valley in Udhampur and Rajouri districts shows water level between 0-2 and 2-5 m bgl. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water levels of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with water level of Pre Monsoon 2012 in the state indicates that about 67% of the wells analysed have recorded a rise in water level, out of which 50% of analysed wells have recorded a rise in the range of 0 to 2 m, 11% of analysed wells have shown rise in the range of 2 to 4 m and 6% of the wells have shown rise more than 4 m. About 33% of the wells have shown fall in water level. Out of which 30% of analysed wells have recorded a fall in the range of 0 to 2 m, 1% of analysed wells have shown fall in the range of 2 to 4 m. 2% of analyzed wells have shown fall in the range of more than 4 m. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The fluctuation of water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with the decadal means (Pre Monsoon ) indicates that about 38% of analysed wells have shown a decline in water level. Out of this 31% of the wells have shown decline in the range of 0 to 2 m, 5% wells have shown decline in the range of 2 to 4 m and 2% in the range of more than4 m bgl. About 62% wells have shown a rise in water level, out of which 54% wells have shown rise in the range of 0 to 2 m, 6% wells have shown rise in the range of 2 to 4 m and 2% wells have shown rise in the range of more than 4 m Jharkhand Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon Out of the total wells, about 1% of wells have shown depth to water level in the range of 0 to 2 m. About 13% of the wells water level was found between 2 to 5 m depth ranges. About 66% of the wells analysed are showing water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl. Deeper water levels (more than 10 m bgl) are observed in 20% wells. During the Pre Monsoon 2013 water level ranges from 0.50 m bgl in Dhanbad district to m bgl in Purbi Singhbhum district. 23

25 Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 In the state of Jharkhand there is an overall rise in water level in Pre Monsoon 2013 in comparison to Pre Monsoon About 61% of the wells analysed showing rise in the water level. Out of this 43% wells have shown a rise in 0-2 m range. About 12% of the wells have shown rise in 2-4 m range. About 6% of the wells have shown rise in water level more than 4 m. About 39% of the wells analysed showing decline in the water level. About 32% of the total wells have shown a decline in water level within 0-2 m range. 5% of the total wells have shown a decline in water level within 2-4 m range. 2% of the total wells have shown a decline in water level in more than 4m range. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The water level data of Pre Monsoon 2013 has been compared with decadal means (Pre Monsoon to assess the rise/fall in water level during current year with respect to long term average of the corresponding period. About 47% of analysed wells have shown a decline in water level. Out of this 40% of the wells have shown decline in the range of 0 to 2 m, 6% wells have shown decline in the range of 2 to 4 m and 1% in the range of more than 4 m bgl. About 53% wells have shown a rise in water level, out of which 39% wells have shown rise in the range of 0 to 2 m, 10% wells have shown rise in the range of 2 to 4 m and 4% wells have shown rise in the range of more than 4 m Karnataka Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon The analysis of monitored wells shows that 5% wells have less than 2m bgl water level, 17% wells show 2 to 5 m bgl water level and 44% wells show 5 to 10 m bgl water level. Moderately deep water level of 10 to 20 m bgl is seen in 33% wells and deep water level of more than 20 m bgl found in about 1% of the analysed wells. The depth to water level recorded in the state during Pre Monsoon 2013 ranged from 0.50 m to m bgl in Bagalkot district. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water levels of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared to that of Pre Monsoon 2012 have shown that about 28% of the analysed wells have recorded a rise in water level. The remaining wells about 72% have recorded a fall in water level. The rise of water level in the range 0-2m is observed in 20% of the analysed wells, rise in water level in the range of 2-4 m and more than 4 m is recorded at 4% of wells. The fall in water level in the range of 0-2 m is observed in 47% of analysed wells. Fall of water level in the range of 2-4 m and more than 4 m are seen in 15% and 10% wells respectively. 24

26 Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The fluctuation of water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with the average water levels of past decade (Decadal mean Pre Monsoon ) indicates that about 31% of the wells analysed showed a rise in water level and the remaining 69% wells showed a fall. A rise of 0-2 m is recorded in 23% of analysed wells. A rise in the range of 2-4 m and more than 4 m is recorded at 4% of wells for each range. In the fall category, a fall of 0-2 m is prominent and is recorded in 41% of analysed wells. Fall of 2 to 4 m and more than 4 m is seen in 15% and 13% of the analysed wells respectively Kerala Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon It is observed that 7% of the wells have less than 2 m bgl water level, mainly in coastal areas. About 30% of the wells analysed have shown water level in the range of 2-5 m bgl. About 45% wells have shown water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl, 17% wells have shown 10 to 20 m bgl water level and only 1% wells have shown more than 20 m bgl water level. The depth to water level recorded in the state of Kerala during Pre Monsoon 2012 ranged from 0.30 m bgl in Alappuzha district to m bgl in Idukki district. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water levels of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared to water level of Pre Monsoon 2012 in the state indicates that about 36% of the wells analysed have recorded a rise in water level, out of which 33% of analysed wells have recorded a rise in the range of 0 to 2 m, 2% of analysed wells have shown rise in the range of 2 to 4 m and 1% of the wells have shown rise more than 4 m. About 64% of the wells have shown fall in water level, out of this 57% wells have recorded fall in the range of 0 to 2m and 5% have shown fall in the range of 2-4 m and 2% recorded fall in water level more than 4 m. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The fluctuation of water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with the decadal mean (Pre Monsoon ) indicates that about 29% of analysed wells have shown a rise in water level, of which 26% of the wells fall in the range of 0 to 2 m. About 71% wells have shown a decline in water level, of which 63% of the wells fall in the range of 0-2 m. This analysis indicates that the change in water level is mostly restricted to rise or fall upto 2 m. 25

27 4.14 Madhya Pradesh Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon The depth to water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 varies from 0.70 to m bgl. In general the depth to water level ranges between 5-10 m bgl and m bgl in most parts of Madhya Pradesh state. About 1% monitoring wells are showing water levels in 0-2 m bgl range. About 13 % of monitoring wells are showing water level in 2-5 m bgl range. Depth to water level ranging between 5-10 m bgl was observed in 45% along the Narmada valley districts of the state 36% wells showing water level ranging between m was observed almost in north western Madhya Pradesh. Remaining 5% wells are showing water level in the range of m. Deep water level more than 20 m bgl has been seen in Burhanpur, Gwalior, Bhind, Sheopur and Morena districts. Very deep water level more than 40 m bgl has been observed at one well in Bhind District. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water levels of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared to water level of Pre Monsoon 2012 in the state indicates that about 50% of the wells analysed have recorded a rise in water level, out of which 35% of analysed wells have recorded a rise in the range of 0 to 2 m, 8% of analysed wells have shown rise in the range of 2 to 4 m and 7% of the wells have shown rise of more than 4 m. About 50% of the wells have shown fall in water level, out of this 35% have recorded fall in the range of 0 to 2m and 10% have shown fall in the range of 2-4 m and 5% recorded fall in water level more than 4 m. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The fluctuation of water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with the Decadal mean (Pre Monsoon ) indicates that about 58% of analysed wells have shown a rise in water level, of which 38% of the wells fall in the range of 0 to 2 m. About 12% wells have shown a rise in water level in the range of 2-4 m, 8% wells have shown a rise in water level in the range of more than 4 m. About 31% wells have shown a decline in water level in the range of 0-2 m, 9% wells have shown a decline in water level in the range of 2-4 m and about 2% wells have shown a decline in water level in the range of more than 4 m. This analysis indicates that the change in water level is mostly restricted to rise or fall upto 2 m. 26

28 4.15 Maharashtra Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon Water level less than 2 m bgl are observed in about 5% wells. Depth to water level of 2 to 5 m bgl occurs in entire state with 16% of the wells falling in this range. About 50% of the wells analysed showing water level in the range of 5-10 m bgl. About 26% of the wells analysed showing water level in the range of m bgl. About 3% of the wells analysed showing water level in the range of m bgl. Only one well show water level of more than 40m bgl range. The depth to water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 in the state varies from 0.45 bgl in Satara districts to m bgl in Jalgaon district. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water levels of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared to water level of Pre Monsoon 2012 in the state indicates that about 49% of the wells analysed have recorded a rise in water level, out of which 35% of analysed wells have recorded a rise in the range of 0 to 2 m, 8% of analysed wells have shown rise in the range of 2 to 4 m and 6% of the wells have shown rise of more than 4 m. About 51% of the wells have shown fall in water level, out of this 37% have recorded fall in the range of 0 to 2m and 8% have shown fall in the range of 2-4 m and 6% have shown fall of more than 4m. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The fluctuation of water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with the Decadal mean (Pre Monsoon ) indicates that about 50% of analysed wells have shown a rise in water level, mostly (35% of the wells) in the range of 0 to 2 m. About 50% wells have shown a decline in water level, mostly (37% of the wells) in the range of 0-2 m. 27

29 4.16 Orissa Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon It is observed that 6% of the wells water level ranges in 0-2 m depth range. About 40% of the wells analysed have shown water level in the range of 2-5 m bgl. Most of the wells falls in the range of 5-10 m bgl as shown by 49% of the wells analysed and is distributed in most parts of the state. About 5% wells analysed have water level in the range of m bgl. The depth to water level recorded in the state of Orissa during Pre Monsoon 2013 ranged from 0.45 m bgl in Sambalpur district to m bgl in Jajapur district. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 Water levels of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared to water level of Pre Monsoon 2012 in the state indicates that about 44% of the wells analysed have recorded a rise in water level, out of which 37% of analysed wells have recorded a rise in the range of 0 to 2 m, 5% of analysed wells have shown rise in the range of 2 to 4 m and 2% of the wells have shown rise of more than 4 m. About 56% of the wells have shown fall in water level, out of this 50% have recorded fall in the range of 0 to 2m and 4% have shown rise in the range of 2-4 m and 2% recorded fall in water level in the range of more than 4 m. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The fluctuation of water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with the Decadal mean (Pre Monsoon ) indicates that about 44% of analysed wells have shown a rise in water level mostly ( 37% of the wells) in the range of 0 to 2 m, 6% in the range of 2-4 m and 1% in the range of more than 4 m. About 56% wells have shown a decline in water level, falling mostly (44% of the wells) in the range of 0-2 m, 9% in the range of 2-4 m and 3% in the range of more than 4 m. 28

30 4.17 Punjab Depth to Water Level Pre Monsoon The depth to water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 varies from 0.53 m bgl in Firozpur district to m bgl in Fatehgarh district. A very shallow water level of < 2 m bgl is observed in parts of Firozpur and Muktsar districts. Shallow water levels i.e. < 5 m bgl is observed mainly in the southwestern part in Firozpur, Muktsar, Faridkot districts and in part of Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur and Rupnagar districts. Moderately deep water levels i.e m bgl occur in major parts of the State covering 33% of the wells analysed. Deep water levels in the range of m bgl are reported in 23 % of the wells analysed. Deepest water level of more than 40 m bgl is observed in Fatehgarh district. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2012 to Pre Monsoon 2013 The water level of Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with Pre Monsoon 2012 indicates that there is decline as well as rise in water level in entire state. About 73% of the wells analysed showing a decline in water level. The water level decline between 0-2 m has been observed in 67 % of the wells analysed and 6% of wells showing fall more than 2 m. Rise in water levels is observed in 27% of the wells analysed. The rise of 0-2 m has been observed in 24% of the wells monitored. About 3% of the wells shows rise more than 2 m. In general most of the area has decline as well as rise is in the range of 0-2 m. Fluctuation - Pre Monsoon 2013 to Premonsoon Decadal mean ( ) The fluctuation of water level during Pre Monsoon 2013 when compared with the average water levels of past decade (Decadal mean Pre Monsoon ) indicates general decline and rise of water level in all the districts of Punjab State. About 73% of wells have registered decline. However, 49% wells shows water level decline in the range of 0-2 m, 18% of wells reported decline between 2-4 m in patches. Decline of more than 4 m has been observed in 6% of the wells analysed. Rise in water level is observed in 27% of the wells, mainly in the southwestern districts and few of isolated pockets. Out of this 23% of the wells analysed is showing rise in the range of 0-2 m and 4% of the wells showing rise of more than 2 m. 29