Water Demand Management in Jordan Case Study

Transcription

1 Water Demand Management in Jordan Case Study Presented for the Fifth Partner Forum on Water Governance in the MENA Region Prepared by Eng. Jamal Hijazi Director of Water Demand Management Unit Tunisia 31 May- 4 June

2 Table of Contents 1-INTRODUCTION 3 2-WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONALIZATION 3 3-WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT POLICY 3 4-WDM POLICY IMPLEMENTATION W D M P O L I C Y : P L A N S A N D C O O R D I N A T I O N S H A R I N G R E S P O N S I B I L I T I E S W D M P R O G R A M S C O S T S & B E N E F I T S A C C O U N T A B I L I T Y A N D R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y 6 5-CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS R E F E R E N C E S 7 1- Introduction 2

3 Jordan is a Middle East country characterized by dry weather and suffering from water scarcity. The challenges become stronger with the climate change, political situation in the world and especially in the Middle East region, limited water resources, low rainfall rate and the natural population growth. Under these circumstances and in order to meet the challenge, Jordan started to develop strategic plans and to take measures and action to meet the challenge. Actions and measures are driven from the water strategy 1998 and from the "Water strategy : Water for Life". The water demand management is a major component in the developed strategies where Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) started to plan and implement projects to meet the strategy goals. The developed WDM frame work is a comprehensive and integrated set of guidance and statements which involved the capacity building, legislation, technology, and responsibilities. The paper presents the case study on water demand management in Jordan 2- Water Demand Management institutionalization The water strategy 1998 has addressed the water demand subject targeting the achievement of the highest possible efficiency in water conveyance, distribution and use, adoption of measures to maximize the net benefit from the use of a unit flow of water, definition and assignment of roles in water conservation to be played by the different sectors of society; and promotion of systems and devices for water saving and water reuse. Therefore, MWI has established a water demand management unit (WDMU) to be one major unit on the MWI organization structure and to handle the water demand management as core functions, the establishment of WDMU was during The water sector organizations has developed separate water demand policy, but there was a need to develop and a implement a comprehensive national water demand policy which covers all area of water use efficiency in all sectors urban, industrial, tourism and agricultural. In August 2008, the water demand management policy has been issued and got the approval of the prime ministry of Jordan with cooperation of IDARA project / USAID Funded project. 3- Water demand Management Policy As its main objective the Water Demand Management Policy is intended to result in maximum utilization and minimum waste of water, and promote effective water use efficiency and water conservation, for social and economic development and environmental protection. Sustained implementation of this water demand management policy will generate water savings that will be an important source of additional water to help bridge the gap between supply and demand and advance economic growth and social development. The policy contains the following major The urban component of the Water Demand Management Policy consists of the following statements, which provide guidance for the development and implementation of demand management measures and programs in all regions of the country.in The Urban and agriculture sectors, the main policy statements and guidance are as follow: Instituting Water Demand Management Codes and Equipment Certification Reduction of Non-Revenue Water Water Pricing 3

4 Water Supply Augmentation using Rainwater Harvesting, Gray water and Onsite Treated Wastewater Reuse of Treated Wastewater On Prohibition on Wasting Water On Comprehensive Water-Use and Water Demand Management Information Program Education and Public Awareness Water Demand Management Programs Industrial Water Demands Tourism Water Demands Water-wise Landscaping Water Efficiency Assistance for Low Income Consumers Training and Capacity Building Water Demand Management Research and Development Best Management Practices Water Exchange Option Financial Mechanisms for Improving Water Efficiency Key Performance Indicators 4- WDM Policy Implementation MWI started to implement the WDM policy with process of data collection from Jordanian water sector units depending on the customers billing data, none revenue water, population, Investments Programs and other sources of available information. The billing data reflects the real water consumption for each consumer as total, consumer type, residential, commercial, industrial, and sorted per governorate. Based on the data available and with cooperation with the water utilities in Jordan, WDMU and IDARA Project has conducted several types of surveys, to identify and classify the water usage on the micro level, faucet, kitchens, showers, toilets and classified per sector. The studies and surveys has been conducted in Amman, Northern Governorates and Aqaba. The future plans will include the rest of the Jordanian governorates. The results of the studies presented in this study are for the Northern Governorates only. All surveys and audits were conducted using data loggers, sensors and other equipments to achieve the most accurate figures which reflect the water use types in each sector. All data collected from the field were analyzed using computers, analysis software and graphically presented. 4.1 WDM Policy: Plans and Coordination Sharing Responsibilities Based on the analysis from the data collected, MWI has developed a set of programs to be implemented to meet the water demand management goals in the water strategy and to achieve the most efficient water use in Jordan. Implementation of these WDM programs requires an important and legal role for other stakeholders: Jordanian governmental organizations, Donors and NGO's. Therefore, MWI has involved the stockholders in the action plans development process and came out with 9 action plans to implemented. The plans were developed for ministry of environment, Tourism, 4

5 industry and trade, ministry of public works and Housing "under development", and ministry of Labor. In parallel with the developed action plans, 1. MWI signed an agreement with the Ministry of Public Works and Housing and the Royal Scientific Society (RSS) to develop a standardized water supply and sanitation plumbing code. MWI financed the project. 2. MWI signed an MOU with the Jordan Institution for Standards and Metrology and the Royal Scientific Society to establish testing lab in RSS to test and certify plumbing materials and devices based on Jordanian and International technical standards and regulations. MWI financed the project through local currency fund from USAID. 3. MWI signed an MOU with the Ministry of Labor (ETVET council) and the Vocational Training Corporation to institute (Master Plumber) certification and vocational training program based on the new plumbing code and technical standards. 4. MWI signed and MOU with the HSBC bank and Jordan Water Company (Miyahuna-water utility which responsible for water and wastewater services in Amman) as the first Public Private Partnership in promoting the 1 st water saving devices retrofitting campaign and promote public awareness. In this campaign, Miyahuna retrofitted 2000 water subscribers in Amman. 5. MWI is working with Greater Amman Municipality on developing recommendations for efficient water use at High-Rise and High Density Developments in Jordan. The developed 18 recommendations for Water saving technologies are in process to be standards and technical bases to be implemented by investors and contractors. 6. MWI is working with MercyCorps (International NGO) on prompting and implementing WDM in CBOs in rural areas and poor areas. Over the project's five-year lifespan, at least 120 rural CBOs will receive grants of 7,000 Jordanian Dinars, or about U.S. $10,000. The project is funded by USAID and Mercy Corps. A new phase of the project has been started march As social responsibility, has completed a rain water harvesting wells construction project for poor families in the rural areas where the rainfall rate is high. Thirty five rain water harvesting wells were implemented for 35 houses in Altafeela and Jerash Governorates. During 2010 MWI will construct another 35 wells in other areas across the kingdom. Additionally, MWI has retrofitted 5000 faucets in the governmental building where water 30 % of water can be saved according to the water audits conducted for those organizations. Additionally, MWI has implemented 6 xeroscaping gardens in the governmental schools across the kingdom combined with awareness sessions for teachers and students to introduce the culture of the water wise gardens in the country. 8. MWI has jointly worked with GTZ on the PPP initiative where two gray water projects were implemented one in the hotels sector and one in the residential sector. Still the results of this project under evaluation. 4.2 WDM Programs Costs & Benefits As mentioned before, MWI has developed a set of programs to improve the water use efficiency across all types of water consumers taking into consideration the best management practices and the cost and benefits. The programs were developed based on analyzing the data collected from the field for water use. Annex 1 Graph1 shows the results of the water use in the northern governorate of Jordan, while the rest 5

6 of graphs show the aggregated indoor water use in Jordan sorted by sector. The following table presents the proposed efficiency program distributed on difference sectors (customer classes) Customer Class Residential Residential Education Education Governmental Governmental Residential Touristic Touristic Commercial Commercial Touristic Touristic Program Name Toilet Trim Replacement, Residential Showerhead & Faucets Retrofitting, Residential Toilet Trim Replacement, Education Faucets Retrofitting, Education Toilet Trim Replacement, Government Offices Faucets Retrofitting, Government Offices Faucets Retrofitting, Worship High Efficiency Toilet, Hotel (via Performance Contract) Showerhead & Faucets Retrofitting, Hotel (via Performance Contract) Toilet Trim Replacement, Commercial Faucets, Commercial Office High Efficiency Toilet, Hotel (via Performance Contract) Showerhead & Faucets Retrofitting, Hotel (via Performance Contract) Each one of the programs has been studied based on the following : Savings (MCM/Y) quantity of water saving, Present Value PV Cost(JD), present value PV Benefit (JD), Benefit/ Cost B/C Ratio, Payback period / Years The detailed results of the Cost benefit analysis are illustrated in Annex 2 There are some risks might be encountered during the implementation of the programs related to the availability of budget in some of governmental organizations, price change of the water saving devices. These programs are implemented in the already built houses, and currently a full code for new buildings is under development. The cost benefit analysis is included. 4.3 Accountability and Responsibility A set of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) has been developed for water demand management programs. The KPIs are ranked from one to three in descending level of importance, with one being the most important. The main sources of data for the indicators are the WUE tracking tool and the Demand Forecasting model for each water utility (Annex 3). The utilities are being monitored by Water Authority of Jordan to implement and meet there targets. In addition to the political well of the water sector clearly defined in the water strategies and policies, the new legislation frame work of the new water law in Jordan will cover the identified gaps in the current legislative statements. MWI is in process to develop new water law in Jordan which will include the items necessary for monitoring and clearly define the responsibilities among the water sector stakeholders. 6

7 5- Conclusions & Recommendations Water Demand Management is an important set for policies, procedures and guidance which should be institutionalized. WDM practices need to have responsible body with official institutional frame work to plan, implement and monitor. A close coordination among water sector stakeholders should be adopted since water conservation is a common responsibility of the society. There are a variety of water use efficiency programs that can be implemented. However the cost of these programs is usually the major factor that influences the implementation. Past and ongoing experience on WDM programs indicates that strong emphasis should be devoted to retrofitting programs such as Aerators, Showerheads. The analysis shows that they are most cost effective for water use efficiency in the residential sector, government buildings and mosques and schools when they are already exist. A WDM Code for new buildings should be in place and enforced. 6- References 1- Water Strategy, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Water Strategy : Water for Life, Royal Committee, Water Demand Management Policy, MWI, IDARA/USAID Funded project reports, 2009, MercyCorps Reports, 2009,

8 Annex 1 Graph 1 Idara Project, Northern Governorate Audit Report,

9 Annex1 Table 1 Use Category Number of Customers Annual Use 2008 (m 3 /year) Commercial 5, ,820 Education 1, ,665 Governmental 1,350 3,247,335 Health ,430 Industrial ,472 Residential 208,765 34,108,840 Touristic ,191 Worship 1, ,573 Agriculture ,135 Total 220,920 39,732,828 Idara Project, Northern Governorate Audit Report,

10 t B a t h L e a k s O t h e r D i s h w a s h e r 1 % 3 % 1 % 1 % C l o t h e s W a s h e r 1 4 % S h o w e r 1 9 % F a u c e t 4 7 % T o i l e t 1 4 % Residential Indoor End Uses by Percent, Jordan M W I, Idara Project, Residential End Use Analysis Report, 2009 C l e a n i n g 6 % O t h e r s 5 % F a u c e t, B i d e t s 2 0 % T o i l e 6 9 % Office Building End Uses in Jordan M W I, Idara Project, End Use Analysis Report,

11 Touristic Hotels End Uses M W I, Idara Project, Hotels End Use Analysis Report, 2009 I r r i g a t i o n 9 % C l e a n i n g 4 % B i d e t 3 % F a u 2 9 % c e t s T o i l e t s 5 5 % Schools End Uses M W I, Idara Project, Schools end use analysis Report,

12 Annex 2 Cost Benefit Analysis Table 1 1 2