Figure 1 All Levels of Government Fund Highways and Transit. Average annual own-source spending by level of government, State.

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Alban Holland
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1 Figure 1 All Levels of Government Fund Highways and Transit Average annual own-source spending by level of government, billion 84 billion Local 75 billion Source: Pew s analysis of U.S. Census Bureau s Annual Survey of and Local Government Finances, ; U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Public Budget Database

2 Figure 2 Spending on Highways Exceeds That for Transit at Each Level of Government Share of spending, % 90% 19 % 20 % Highway 40 % Transit 80% 70% 81 % 80 % Highway 60% 50% 60 % 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Local Note: This figure excludes the roughly 2 percent of federal spending that flows directly to highway and transit infrastructure. Source: Pew s analysis of U.S. Census Bureau s Annual Survey of and Local Government Finances,

3 Figure 3 Surface Transportation Funding Flows Among Levels of Government Spending on highways and transit, 2012 Own-source revenue 58 billion 89 billion 73 billion government 11 billion 45 billion Local government government 26 billion 2 billion 109 billion 109 billion Transportation system Note: Numbers may not add up exactly due to rounding. Sources: Pew s analysis of U.S. Census Bureau s Annual Survey of and Local Government Finances, 2012; U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Public Budget Database 2015 The Pew Charitable Trusts Own-source flows Intergovernmental transfers Direct spending on transportation

4 Figures 4-6 Relative Significanceof Grants for Surface Transportation Varies by and Region share of total for highways and transit, funding of government, all levels NY highways and expenditures for NY transit, percapita, NY OK VY OK VA NY VA VALess than 150 TN SC SC AL TNAR VA TN AR NY MS NK SC AL TNAR 250 or greater TX MS NK SC AL TN AR TX MS OK SC AR VA AL TX MS AL U.S. average TXMS TN OK SC AR TX MS AL TX VA TN OK MS AL 167 Less than or greater 23% - 25% 26% - 29% 30% - 36% 26% - 29% 25 26% - 29% 26% - 29% % and local expenditures for highways and transit, per capita, % - 29% U.S. average 26% - 29% OK TX Source: Pew s analysis of U.S. Census Bureau s Annual Survey of and Local Government Finances, VA TN SC AR MS NY Note: Excludes federal spending directly on projects AL Less than or greater 508 Less than or greater SC AR M NY MY TX U.S. average

5 Figure 7 Surface Transportation Investment Is Declining Highway and transit spending by level of government, adjusted for inflation, Billions of 2012 dollars Local Recovery Act Notes: Inflation-adjusted using Bureau of Economic Analysis price index for state and local government investment in structures (Table 3.9.4, Line 36). Years are in state fiscal years. Excludes federal spending directly on projects. Sources: Pew s analysis of U.S. Census Bureau s Annual Survey of and Local Government Finances, ; Recovery.gov agency-reported data,

6 Figure 8 Highway Trust Fund Faces Growing Shortfalls Actual and projected revenue and outlays, Billions of dollars Revenue Projected revenue Transfers from general fund Actual outlays Projected outlays Actual end-of-year balance Projected end-of-year balance Note: Numbers not adjusted for inflation. Source: Pew s analysis of Congressional Budget Office and Highway Administration data

7 Figure 9 and Governments Rely Heavily on Gas Tax Revenue to Fund Highways Resources used for highways, by level of government, % 90% 80% 7 % 14 % 12 % 13 % 19 % 18 % Bond proceeds Other taxes, fees, investment income, and other receipts Property taxes 13 % General fund 70% 60% 66 % 6 % 11 % 15 % Tolls Vehicle tax Fuel tax 50% 40% 30% 21 % 31 % 47 % Note: Local vehicle tax revenue includes a small amount of fuel revenue as well. revenue is in federal fiscal years; revenue of state and local governments is in their own fiscal years or calendar years, depending on how they report their data to the Highway Administration. 20% 10% 0% 3 % 4 % Local Source: Pew s analysis of Highway Administration 2012 data (Tables HF-10, F, LDF, FE- 210). Local data are estimated by the Highway Administration.

8 Figure 10 Gas Tax Revenue Has Fallen Over the Past Decade and state fuel tax revenue, adjusted for inflation, Billions of 2012 dollars Note: Inflation-adjusted using Bureau of Economic Analysis price index for state and local government investment in structures (Table 3.9.4, Line 36). revenue is in federal fiscal years; state revenue is in state fiscal years or calendar years, depending on how states report their data to the Highway Administration. Source: Pew s analysis of Highway Administration data, Tables FE-210 and F.

State and Local Sales Tax Revenue Losses from E-Commerce: Estimates as of July 2004

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