Solar Energy? for Nova Scotia?! Why? We have gobs of oil, gas and coal!
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1 Solar Energy? for Nova Scotia?! Why? We have gobs of oil, gas and coal! 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 1
2 Energy costs a lot of money! In 2007 we consumed the following amounts of energy in Canada. Form of energy Consumption rate Unit cost Value ($CAD) Petroleum 2.33 million bpd $111/bbl (70 /L) $259 million Natural gas 255 million m 3 /day 50 /mcf $128 million Therm. electricity 400 million kwh/day 10 /kwh $40 million Hydro electricity 1000 million kwh/day 10 /kwh $100 million Nuke electricity 245 million kwh/day 10 /kwh $25 million Total (daily) $552 million Total (annual) $201 billion Per capita (annual) $6,300 The GDP (gross domestic product, expenditure based) of Canada was $1,530 billion in % of the GDP was for energy. 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 2
3 Energy costs a lot of money! In 2010 we consumed the following forms of energy in Canada. Form of energy Consumption rate Unit cost Value ($CAD) Petroleum 2.26 million bpd (-) $159/bbl ($1/L) $359 million Natural gas 283 million m 3 /day (+) 50 /mcf $141 million Therm. electricity 370 million kwh/day (-) 12 /kwh $44 million Hydro electricity 987million kwh/day (-) 12 /kwh $118 million Nuke electricity 235 million kwh/day (-) 12 /kwh $28million Total (daily) $690 million Total (annual) $252 billion Per capita (annual) $7,500 The GDP (expenditure based) of Canada was $1,625 billion in % of the GDP was for energy; up from 13% of the GDP in /07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 3
4 Energy consumption continues to increase throughout the world! We love to fly The Airbus A380: double deck jumbo jet 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 4
5 The Comet: the first mass produced commercial jet airliner Boeing 747-8: Intercontinental Boeing 777: the workhorse of the major airline fleets. 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 5
6 6,000 5,000 Consump on of Jet Fuel (Thousand Barrels Per Day) The September 11, 2001 disaster 4,000 3,000 Recession in the early 1990 s The great financial crisis of 2008 World USA China UK 2,000 Russia 1, Consumption_of_Jet_Fuel_(Thousand_Barrels_Per_Day).xlsx /07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 6
7 Efficiency is laudable, has merit, and is necessary, but it is not going to save us! We need to use more free energy, that is inexhaustible! We need to use more solar energy to displace purchased energy, in whatever form. 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 7
8 Solar Combi System 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 8
9 Fogo Island Inn, Newfoundland 66 Thermo Dynamics solar collectors for DHW and space heat 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 9
10 Solar Bandit 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 10
11 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 11
12 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 12
13 Nova Scotia and PV!! 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 13
14 The Nova Scotia s Renewable Electricity Plan established a target of 25% renewable electricity by 2015, with a goal of 40% by renewable electricity includes all pre 2002 renewable electricity and all renewable low impact electricity generated after December 31, 2001 and imported sources of renewable electricity (but not Hydro Quebec power!) renewable low impact electricity means electricity produced from: (i) solar energy (ii) wind energy (iii) run of the river hydroelectric energy (v) tidal energy (xi) any other source that is able to be replenished by natural processes. within 80 years at the latest 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 14
15 In 2010, the final Renewable Electricity Regulations stated In accordance with the Act the Utility and Review Board shall set a tariff under this Section for each of the following classes of generation facility: wind biomass small scale instream tidal run-of-the-river hydroelectricity Solar was specifically excluded! The NS DOE stated that advice to include solar energy in the ComFIT was not accepted, because: The Renewable Electricity Plan noted that solar photo-voltaic technologies are expected to drop in price in the future. It was decided to wait until they become more economic before supporting wide-spread use. 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 15
16 In 2012 a review of the ComFIT was undertaken. The review report was released in March The report stated Photovoltaic The inclusion of Solar PV is part of a separate review process no recommendation is available at this time. The results of a study regarding solar opportunities within the province will be made available for review as part of the recently announced Electricity System Review. 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 16
17 Electricity Generation, Denmark: March 17 to March 24, Denmark has a 6,000 MW system. Routinely generates 5,000 MW of electricity plus 350 MW of PV power more than 100% of demand. Red = total consumption Green = cost of a kwh Light blue = central power stations Medium blue = CHP plants Yellow = photovoltaics Dark blue = wind 4,800 MW 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 17
18 Germany has a 60,000 MW system and routinely generates 22,000 MW of PV electricity plus 20,000 MW of wind power. Solar PV typically shaved 10,000 to 22,000 MW from the peak load in the winter 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 18
19 Genera on of Electricity in Nova Sco a (megawa -hours): ,593 14, , ,079 95,000 kwh in 2009 Wind is blowing strong! Typically 1 million MWh every year 2013 was not a good year for hydro! Hydro Steam Gas turbine Tidal Wind 8,585,444 Total generation in 2013 was 10.3 billion kwh NS.Elec.2013.xlsx /07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 19
20 Source of kilowa -hours of electricity in Nova Sco a: ,445,400 1,900,000 Hydro (incl. Muskrat Falls) Steam (gas fired - coal) Gas Turbine 2,452,800 50, ,000 A possibility? Total generation in 2020 will be 10.0 billion kwh?? Tidal (Annapolis + 5 MW instream) Wind (800 MWp) PV (1100 MWp) 5,500,000 NS.Elec xlsx /07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 20
21 PV in Nova Scotia The Muskrat Falls investment is going to be $2 billion. 90% of this $2 billion will be spent outside Nova Scotia. After accounting for transmission and distribution losses the Muskrat supply is 850 million kwh, 8% of our electricity needs. $2 billion investment in PV would supply 1,100 MW p, at $1.80/W p. $1 billion of this would be spent in Nova Scotia (engineering, labour, etc.) More could be spent in Nova Scotia if PV module assembly were to be undertaken in Nova Scotia MW p of PV will supply 1,400 million kwh of electricity, for 50 years maybe more. Losses associated with transmission ands distribution are negligible as the PV is distributed around the province near the load centers. 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 21
22 kwh for the month PV Array Performance in Halifax 180,000, ,000, ,000,000 Electricity produced June PV supply is 5 million kwh/day; demand is over 20 million kwh/day 1.31 kwh/year/wp Energy from a total of 1100 MW p of PV 120,000, ,000,000 80,000,000 60,000,000 40,000,000 Average power 208 MW (CF = 19%); Max power might be 1000 MW 20,000,000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Halifax_I_PV.xlsx /07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 22
23 04/07/2014 Energy-May_2014.pptx 23
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