8 th grade Social Studies United States History to 1877

Transcription

1 8 th grade Social Studies United States History to st 6 weeks: Colonization & Exploration 2 nd 6 weeks: Revolutionary Era ( ) 3 rd 6 weeks: Government & the New Republic 4 th 6 weeks: Westward Expansion & Jacksonian Democracy 5 th 6 weeks: Antebellum America ( ): reform, the Industrial Revolution, sectionalism 6 th 6 weeks: The Civil War & Reconstruction

2 US History through Grade 8 A study of US history through 1877 explores these essential questions: How has the development of the United States social, cultural, economic, and political institutions defined it as a unique nation in the world? In what ways have European (and other) cultures, systems of government, and economic systems influenced the history and development of the United States? How does the US Constitution define the rights, roles and responsibilities of both citizens and government? In what ways does the Constitution adapt to changes in society and culture? How has the free enterprise economy of the US influenced innovation and invention? In what ways does US history illustrate the effects of being a society that periodically undergoes reform?

3 TOPIC: Major Eras in U.S. History BIG IDEA: United States history can be defined by the characteristics of its time periods. TEKS Knowledge Statement: 8.1- The student will understand traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history through A- Identify major eras in U.S. history through 1877 and describe their defining characteristics; 8.1B- Apply absolute and relative chronology through sequencing of significant individuals, events, and time periods; 8.1C- Explain the significance of the following dates: 1607, 1776, 1787, 1803, and ; Applies critical thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a varied of sources; Communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The five eras of U.S. History are: o Colonization 1607 o Revolution 1776 o New Republic 1787 o Westward Expansion 1803 o Civil War There is a significant event and a person associated with each era. What are the major eras of U.S. history between 1492 and 1877? What were the significant events of each era? Who were the significant people from each era? Absolute and relative chronology through the sequencing of the five major eras The significance of the following dates: 1492, 1607, 1776, 1787, 1803, List each era in chronological order on a timeline Match a significant individual and event with a particular time period

4 TOPIC: Colonization BIG IDEA: The colonies influenced values and beliefs many Americans cherish today such as economic opportunity, religious freedom, and representative government. TEKS Knowledge Statement: 8.2 & 8.3- The student understands the causes of exploration and colonization eras and the foundations of representative government in the United States. 8.2 A- Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization; 8.2 B- Compare political, economic, and social reasons for establishment of the 13 colonies; 8.3 B- Evaluate the importance of the Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and the House of Burgesses to the growth of representative government; 8.3C Describe how religion contributed to the growth of representative government in the American colonies; 8.10A Create thematic maps, graphs, charts, models representing various aspects of the U.S.; 8.10B Pose and answer questions about geographic distribution patterns shown on maps, charts, graphs and models; 8.11A Locate places and regions of importance in the United States during the 18 th and 19 th centuries; 8.11B Compare places and regions of the US in terms of physical and human characteristics; 8.11C Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors on major historical and contemporary events in the US; 8.12 A- Analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns, economic activities in the U.S.; 8.12B Describe the consequences of human modification of the physical environment of the US; 8.13 B- Explain reasons for the plantation system and the growth of the slave trade; 8.21A Explain the role individuals such as William Penn in the development of self-government in colonial America; 8.24 D- Analyze the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious growths to our national identity; Applies critical thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a varied of sources; 8.31-Communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. The colonies were established for varied reasons. The colonies developed separate and distinct cultures. The colonies influenced the foundation of representative government in the Americas. The colonial regions developed separate and distinct economic systems. Explain why Europeans colonized the New World. Describe the economic, political, and cultural differences between the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. Identify early forms of selfgovernment in the English colonies. Reasons for the founding of the 13 colonies How to identify the effects of physical characteristics of each reason The impact of the Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut and the House of Burgess The development of the plantation system and the growth of the slave trade The development of colonial industries Identify reasons why the Virginia Company established the first colony in the New World Identify reasons Pilgrims and Puritans migrated to the New World Identify reasons why indentured servants came to the New World Compare the political, economic, and social differences of the regions Identify the influence of significant founding documents Compare and contrast different economic systems of the three colonial regions Trace the origins of slavery in colonial America

5 TOPIC: Pre-Revolution BIG IDEA: A spirit of independence became evident as the colonies began to make their own laws and develop their own way of doing things, far from the established rules and restrictions faced in their home countries. TEKS Knowledge Statement: 8.4 The student will understand significant political and economic issues of the Revolutionary Era. 8.3A- Explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period; 8.4A- Analyze the causes of the American Revolution, including mercantilism and British economic policies following the French and Indian War; 8.4B Explain the roles played by significant individuals during the American Revolution, including Samuel Adams, Ben Franklin, King George III, Thomas Jefferson, Marquis de Lafayette, Thomas Paine, George Washington 8.15A- Explain why a free enterprise system of economics developed in the new nation Applies critical thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a varied of sources; Communicates in written, oral, and visual forms. Colonists thought British policy would restrict their freedoms and were angered by Parliament s series of taxes. Tensions between colonists and the British government increased causing the formation of colonial groups to protest British policies. Why did the British government s actions after the French and Indian War anger the American colonists? How did British policies unite the colonies? Definition of mercantilism Explain the purpose of the Albany Plan of Union Explain the effects of the Proclamation of 1763 Describe how the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act and Intolerable Acts attempted to control colonial trade after the French and Indian War Explain how the presence of British troops increased tension with American colonists Describe how the Sons of Liberty, Daughters of Liberty, Committee of Correspondence, and First Continental Congress challenged British policies

6 TOPIC: Revolution BIG IDEA: In fighting for the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, the American patriots laid the foundation for the United States of American we know today. TEKS Knowledge Statement: 8.4 The student will understand significant political and economic issues of the Revolutionary Era. 8.6 Understand Westward Expansion and its effects on the political, economic and social development of the nation. 8.1C- Explain the significance of the following date: 1776; 8.4B- Explain the roles played by significant individual during the American Revolution; 8.4C- Explain the issues surrounding important events of the American Revolution; 8.6A Explain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the United States; 8.11A Locate places and regions of importance in the US during the 18 th and 19 th centuries; 8.16A- Identify the influence of ideas from historic documents including the Declaration of Independence; 8.16B Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation; 8.21B- Evaluate the contributions of the Founding Fathers as models of civic virtue; 8.23B- Describe the contributions of significant political, social, and military leaders of the United States; 8.24E- Identify the political, social, and economic contributions of women to American society; 8.30F-Identify bias in written, oral, and visual material. Declaration of Independence gave fighting of the Revolutionary War a united purpose throughout the colonies. The significance of individual leaders during this time period. The explanation of the significance of battles fought in the Revolution War. The colonial advantages will help lead them to successfully winning the war. Articles of Confederation created a weak central government that will lead to the need for revision. What role did colonists grievances play in writing the Declaration of Independence? How did the signing of the Declaration of Independence affect the direction of the colonies? What were the contributions made by the Revolutionary leaders? What is the significance of the battles fought in the American Revolution? What were the reasons the Americans were successful in their fight? What are the strengths and weakness of the Articles of Confederations? The major grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence Impact of the 2 nd Continental Congress Difficulties faced by the Continental Army Advantages and disadvantages of the Americans during the Revolution How the failures of the Articles of Confederation led to the creation of the Constitution Explain how the signing of the Declaration of Independence gave the colonies a purpose for war Identify the contributions of Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, the Marquis de Lafayette, Thomas Paine, George Washington, John Hancock and John Paul Jones Identify the contributions of women, such as Abigail Adams and Molly Pitcher Analyze the significance of the following battles: Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, Saratoga, Trenton, Valley Forge and Yorktown Explain the impact of the French alliance Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

7 TOPIC: Government and the New Republic BIG IDEA: Civic Responsibility is a vital part of a successful democracy. TEKS Knowledge Statement: 8.5 and 8.16 The student will understand the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the Republic and the American beliefs and principles reflected in the US Constitution and other important historic documents. 8.3A Explain the reasons for growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period; 8.4D Analyze the issues of the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, including major compromises and arguments for and against ratification; 8.5A Describe major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the New Republic such as maintaining national security, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the central government; 8.5C Explain the origin and development of American political parties; 8.5D Explain the causes of and issues surrounding the important events of the War of 1812; 8.14A Analyze the War of 1812 as a cause of economic changes in the nation; 8.16A Identify the influence of ideas from historic documents including the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, the Federalist Papers, and selected anti-federalist writings on the US system of government; 8.16C Identify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how those grievances were addressed in the US Constitution and the Bill of Rights; 8.16D Analyze how the US Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights; 8.17A Summarize the purposes for and processes of changing the US Constitution; 8.17C Identify the origin of judicial review and analyze examples of congressional and presidential responses; 8.18A Analyze the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, including those of Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, James Madison, and George Mason; 8.19A Summarize the issues, decisions, and significance of landmark Supreme Court cases including Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden; and George Washington; **Continued on the next page** The Founding Fathers created a new form of representative government. The Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Declaration of Independence, Federalist Papers, and Articles of Confederation influenced the framework of the Constitution. Compromises became a vital part of American government. The US Constitution is based on the 7 principles of government. The process of ratification caused divisions in the country that led to the development of political parties. How did the influential leaders impact the New Republic? How did previous English and colonial documents influence the framing of the Constitution? Why were compromises necessary during the Constitutional Convention? How did the 7 principles of government influence the framing of the Constitution? How did ratification of the Constitution lead to the emergence of political parties? What is the impact of the successes and challenges of the early Republic?

8 TOPIC: Government and the New Republic BIG IDEA: Civic Responsibility is a vital part of a successful democracy. TEKS Knowledge Statement: 8.5 and 8.16 The student will understand the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the Republic and the American beliefs and principles reflected in the US Constitution and other important historic documents. 8.20A Define and give examples of unalienable rights; 8.20B Summarize rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights; 8.20C Explain the importance of personal responsibilities such as accepting responsibility for one s behavior and supporting one s family; 8.20D Identify examples of responsible citizenship, including obeying rules and laws, voting, and serving on juries; 8.20E Summarize the criteria and explain the process for becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States; 8.20F Explain how the rights and responsibilities of US citizens reflect our national identity; 8.21B Evaluate the contributions of the Founding Fathers as models of civic virtue; 8.22A Identify different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important historical and contemporary issues; 8.22B Describe the importance of free speech in a democratic society; 8.23C Summarize a historical event in which compromise resulted in a peaceful resolution; 8.23A Analyze the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of the US such as Abraham Lincoln, John Marshall, and George Washington; How the Framers used previous historical documents to form one new representative government The importance of compromise in a democratic government Define: federalism, republicanism, limited government, checks and balances, individual rights, separation of powers, and popular sovereignty The arguments of the Federalists and Anti-federalists The presidencies of George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe Analyze the leadership qualities of the early statesmen Recall aspects of self-government Explain the importance of the compromises at the Constitutional Convention, i.e. the Great Compromise and the 3/5 Compromise Identify examples of the seven principles of government (listed above) Analyze how the Constitution reflects the principles of a democracy Compare and contrast the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-federalists Explain the significance of the following events from each administration: Washington precedents set, the rise of political parties, and his Farewell Address; Adams Alien and Sedition Act; Jefferson Election of 1800, Embargo Act, Louisiana Purchase, and Marbury v. Madsion; Madison War of 1812; Monroe Adams-Onis Treaty, Era of Good Feeling, and Monroe Doctrine

9 TOPIC: Westward Expansion BIG IDEA: Westward Expansion was a factor in the growth of American economic power and the expansion of democracy. TEKS Knowledge Statement: 8.6 The student will understand westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation. 8.5F Explain the impact of the election of Andrew Jackson, including the beginning of the modern Democratic Party; 8.5G Analyze federal and state Indian policies and the removal and resettlement of Cherokee Indians during the Jacksonian era; 8.6B Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny; 8.6C Analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation; 8.6D Explain the major issues and events of the Mexican War and their impact on the United States; 8.6E Identify areas that were acquired to form the U.S.; 8.7D Compare the provisions and effects of congressional conflicts and compromises prior to the Civil War, including the roles of John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster; 8.11A Locate places and regions of importance in the US during the 18 th and 19 th centuries; 8.12A Analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns, and economic activities in the U.S. during the 18 th and 19 th centuries; 8.12B Describe the consequences of human modification of the physical environment of the US; 8.12C Describe how different immigrant groups interacted with the environment in the US during the 18 th and 19 th centuries; 8.13A Identify economic differences among different regions of the United States; 8.13B Explain reasons for the development of the plantation system, the growth of the slave trade, and the spread of slavery; 8.13C Analyze the causes and effects of economic differences among different regions of the US at selected times in US history; 8.18B Describe historical conflicts arising over the issues of states rights, including the Nullification Crisis and the Civil War; 8.22A Identify different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important historical and contemporary issues. Learners will understand: The positive and negative consequences of Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny resulted in the displacement of and loss of land for Native Americans and Mexicans. The key political, economic and social events of the Jackson era. How did Manifest Destiny spread American principles? How did American ideals conflict with other populations? How did Jackson s administration affect the spread of popular sovereignty? Who gained and who lost in the US pursuit of Manifest Destiny The effect of the Indian Removal Act The beginning of the modern democratic party How protective tariffs led to sectional differences Identify the major land acquisitions throughout Manifest Destiny Evaluate the lasting effect of the Trail of Tears Analyze the effects of the elections of 1824 and 1828 Analyze the role of tariffs in the banking system and Nullification Crisis

10 TOPIC: Antebellum America BIG IDEA: Strong sectionalism rivalries between the north, south, and west contributed to economic, social, and political change. 8. TEKS Knowledge Statement: 8. 7 The student will understand how political, economic, social factors led to the growth of sectionalism and the Civil War. 8.5B Summarize arguments regarding protective tariffs, taxation, and the banking system; 8.6A Explain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the United States; 8.6D Explain the major issues and events of the Mexican War and their impact on the U.S.; 8.7B Compare the effects of political, economic and social factors on slaves and free blacks; 8.7C Analyze the impact of slavery on different sections of the United States; 8.12C Describe how different immigrant groups interacted with the environment in the US during the 18 th and 19 th centuries; 8.14B Identify the economic factors that brought about rapid industrialization and urbanization; 8.15A Explain why a free enterprise system of economics developed in the new nation; 8.15B Describe the characteristics and the benefits of the US free enterprise system during the 18 th and 19 th centuries; 8.18A Analyze the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, including those of Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, James Madison, and George Mason; 8.21C Identify reasons for and the impact of selected examples of civil disobedience in US history such as Henry David Thoreau s refusal to pay a tax; 8.22C Summarize a historical event in which compromises resulted in peaceful resolution; 8.24D Analyze contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity; 8.24E Identify the political, social, and economic contributions of women to American society; 8.25A Describe the historical development of the abolitionist movement; 8.25B Evaluate the impact of reform movements including public education, temperance, women s rights, prison reform, and care of the disabled; 8.28A Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, the cotton gin, and the Bessemer steel process; 8.28B Analyze the impact of transportation systems on the growth, development, and urbanization of the US. 8.28C Analyze how technological innovations changed the way goods were manufactured and marketed, nationally and internationally; 8.28D Explain how technological innovations led to rapid industrialization; 8.29A Compare the effects of scientific and technological innovations that have influenced daily life in different periods in US history; 8.29B Describe how scientific ideas influenced technological developments during different periods in US history; 8.29C Identify examples of how industrialization changed life in the U.S. Learners will understand: The impact reform movements had on society. The impact of the Industrial Revolution on the different sections of the US. The compromises that postponed secession. That the Mexican War led to increased sectional tensions. What were the major reform movements and who were their leaders? Who were the key inventors, their inventions, and their impact? How did inventions sharpen the divide between sections of the US? How successful were attempts to keep the country united? How did territorial acquisitions affect slavery? The temperance, education, abolitionists, and women s rights movements Inventions such as the steamboat, cotton gin, Bessemer steel process, Lowell textile industries, and interchangeable parts How improvements in transportation like railroads and canals improved roads Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, and the Compromise of 1850 Victory in the Mexican War increased territory and the potential expansion of slavery for the US TOPIC: Civil War and Reconstruction Identify Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Dorthea Dix and their contributions to women s rights Identify Frederick Douglas, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and William Lloyd Garrison and their contribution to the abolitionist movement Identify Horace Mann and his contribution to public education Evaluate how inventions improved the quality of life Explain how compromises merely postponed secession Identify Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and their regions Explain how the Mexican War increased sectional tension within the country

11 TOPIC: Civil War and Reconstruction BIG IDEA: The Civil War began as a fight to preserve the Union, became a fight to end slavery, and resulted in increased liberties for all Americans in a renewed effort to live up to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. TEKS Knowledge Statement: 8. 8 and 8.9 The student will understand individuals, issues, and events of the Civil War and the effects of Reconstruction on the political, economic, and social life of the nation. 8.8A Explain the roles played by significant individuals during the Civil War, including Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, and Abraham Lincoln; 8.8B Explain issues surrounding significant events of the Civil War, including the firing on Fort Sumter, the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg, the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation, the assassination of Lincoln, and Lee s surrender at Appomattox Court House; 8.8C Analyze Abraham Lincoln s ideas about liberty, equality, union, and government as contained in his first and second Inaugural addresses and the Gettysburg Address; 8.9A Evaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments; 8.9B Describe the economic difficulties faced by the US during Reconstruction; 8.9C Explain the social problems that faced the South during Reconstruction and evaluate their impact on different groups; 8.12A Analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns, and economic activities in the US during the 18 th and 19 th centuries; 8.13A Identify economic differences among different regions of the US; 8.13B Explain reasons for the development of the plantation system, the growth of the slave trade, and the spread of slavery; 8.13C Analyze the causes and effects of economic differences among different regions of the US at selected times in US history; 8.17B Describe the impact of 19 th century amendments, including the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments on life in the US; 8.19B Evaluate the impact of selected landmark Supreme Court decisions including Dred Scott v. Sanford on life in the US; 8.23A Analyze the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of the US such as Abraham Lincoln, John Marshall, and George Washington; 8.23B Describe the contributions of significant political, social, and military leaders of the US, such as Frederick Douglass, John Paul Jones, James Monroe, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton; 8.24D Analyze the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity. Learners will understand: The Civil War was fought to preserve the Union and then end slavery. Grant, Lee, Davis, and Lincoln played significant roles in the Civil War. Lincoln s ideas about liberty, equality, union and government. Both sides faced hardships and successes during the Civil War. The role border states played in the Civil War. The significant military and political events of the Civil War. The importance of the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments. What was the purpose of the Civil War? Who were the key leaders of the Civil War? What was Lincoln s role in the Civil War? What were the advantages and disadvantages of the Union and the Confederacy? What was the importance of border states during the war? What were the significant military actions of the Civil War? What were the Civil War Amendments? Lincoln s goal to preserve the Union Leadership roles of Grant, Lee, Davis, and Lincoln during the Civil War Key points of Lincoln s 1 st and 2 nd Inaugural Address Key points of the Gettysburg Address and Emancipation Proclamation Inequalities of the resources between the North and South and how it affected the outcome of the Civil War Which were the border states and their role in the Civil War Impact of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and Appomattox Court House 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments Analyze the change in Lincoln s philosophy as the Civil War progressed Identify for which side influential leaders served Describe the contributions of key leaders during the Civil War Evaluate the importance of key historical documents of the Civil War Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the Union and the Confederacy Analyze the impact of the Underground Railroad and the Fugitive Slave Law on the continuation of slavery Explain the cause and effect of significant military actions Identify the points of the Civil War Amendments and their effect on Reconstruction