Battle Cries and Freedom Songs: The Civil War Battle Cries and Freedom Songs: The Civil War Mobilization: North and South

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1 1 2 Battle Cries and Freedom Songs: The Civil War Mobilization, North and South What were the North s key advantages at the outset of the war? The Early War, How did the two sides objectives dictate their strategies in the early years of the war? The Emancipation Proclamation How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the war? Turning Points, How did the changing nature of the war affect soldiers on both sides? 3 Battle Cries and Freedom Songs: The Civil War War Transforms the North What impact did the war have on the North s economy? The Confederacy Disintegrates How did the war affect civilian life in the South? The Union Prevails, What was Grant s strategy for ending the war? 4 5 The Civil War: The Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg: A Turning Point The Surrender at Appomattox Court House Mobilization: North and South War Fever The North s Advantage in Resources 1

2 The North s Advantage in Resources Leaders, Governments, and Strategies The Southern Landscape 6 7 War Fever Union mobilized state militias Ninety-day call-up Later changed to draft Confederate draft The North s Advantage in Resources Larger population 90 percent of the nation s industrial capacity Better finances Leaders, Governments, and Strategies Jefferson Davis Planter Served in Mexican War Lincoln Good at consensus-building Kept border states in the Union Goals Preservation of traditions key to goals of both sides The Southern Landscape Traditional tactics generally would not work in this war Potential southern advantage in fighting on home ground The Early War: First Bull Run The War in the West The War in the East First Bull Run Border states secured by July 1861 Attempt to take Richmond 2

3 Attempt to take Richmond First Battle of Bull Run July 21 Confederate victory The War in the West Union victories Cumberland River forts Taken by February 1862 Shiloh 10,000 casualties War turned more harsh Civilian populations became targets The War in the East Another offensive against Richmond George B. McClellan Robert E. Lee put in charge of Confederate forces Seven Days Battles 30,000 killed The Emancipation Proclamation Origins The Document The Legacy Origins Lincoln focused on saving the Union First Confiscation Act Passed by Congress Draft of emancipation order presented in July 1862 War going badly for North 3

4 War going badly for North Second Confiscation Act 21 The Document Antietam gave Lincoln an opportunity Emancipation Proclamation September 1862 Mixed reception Changed northern war goals Thirteenth Amendment Ratified 1865 Discrimination against black soldiers The Legacy Emancipation Day celebrations Fiftieth anniversary Height of lynchings Centennial Civil rights movement One hundred and fiftieth anniversary Barack Obama president Turning Points: The Naval War Antietam From Fredericksburg to Gettysburg Vicksburg, Chattanooga, and the West The Naval War Union blockade Partially successful Confederacy focused on breaking the blockade 4

5 Confederacy focused on breaking the blockade Antietam Lee gambled on a quick victory Crossed into Maryland Antietam September 1862 Bloodiest single day of fighting Ended in a draw Turning point Britain and France decided not to aid Confederacy Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation From Fredericksburg to Gettysburg Lincoln replaced McClellan with Ambrose E. Burnside Fredericksburg November 1862 Confederate victory Chancellorsville May 1863 Death of Stonewall Jackson Gettysburg July 1863 Union victory Union morale improved Vicksburg, Chattanooga, and the West Vicksburg July 4 Grant gained control of the Mississippi Chattanooga Linked Richmond to lower South Union victory The Trans-Mississippi West Indians fought federal troops Glorieta Pass March Explore the Civil War on MyHistoryLab War Transforms the North 5

6 Wartime Legislation and Politics The Northern Economy Northern Women and the War 35 Wartime Legislation and Politics Dissent Suspension of habeas corpus Copperheads Radical Republicans The national economy Homestead Act Land Grant College Act Conscription New York Draft Riot The Northern Economy Economy revived Demand increased New industries Real wages declined Strikebreakers hired Profiteering Northern Women and the War Federal government Equal pay Changing views of women s sphere Modernization New economy Larger government Shift in class, gender, race relations The Confederacy Disintegrates Southern Politics Southern Faith 6

7 Southern Faith The Southern Economy Southern Women and the War Southern Politics States rights Confederate states protected themselves Calls for peace Lack of national identity Southern Faith White southerners remain convinced their cause was right Black southerners thought the Bible reflected their cause The Southern Economy Damage to southern agriculture Bread riots Union attacks on civilians Southern Women and the War Maintained their way of life initially Supported the war New demands Managing plantations Survival became their only goal Lost faith in their cause The Union Prevails: Grant s Plan to End the War The Election of 1864 and Sherman s March The Road to Appomattox and the Death of Lincoln Grant s Plan to End the War Increased tempo of the war 7

8 Increased tempo of the war Grant kept Lee focused on Virginia Sherman advanced into Georgia The Wilderness May 1864 Siege of Richmond Atlanta Union victory The Election of 1864 and Sherman s March Lincoln reelected Thirteenth Amendment passed Sherman s march to the sea Reached Goldsboro, North Carolina, in March 1865 Lincoln s second inauguration Addressed reconstruction Confederacy armed slaves The Road to Appomattox and the Death of Lincoln Lee and Davis abandoned Richmond Confederate surrender Appomattox Court House April 7, 1865 Assassination of Lincoln April 14, 1865 John Wilkes Booth Conclusion The Civil War caused more than one million casualties, dead and wounded, and left the South devastated. The Union victory solved the constitutional problem of secession and ended slavery. 8

9 secession and ended slavery. For black southerners, emancipation was the conflict s most important result. Ending the South s isolation became an important task. 9