Chapter 4 IP Addressing

Transcription

1 Chapter 4 IP Addressing Decimal Notation Classes Special Addresses A Sample Internet Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast Addresses Applying for IP Addresses Private Networks 1 Figure 1 Internet address An Internet address is made of four bytes (32 bits) that define a host s connection to a network. Class Type 2

2 Figure 2 Decimal point notation Figure 3 Internet address classes Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4 Class A 0 Class B Class D 1110 Multicast address Class E 1111 Reserved for future use 4

3 Figure 4 Classes using decimal notation Class A Class B Class D Class E From To Multicast Address Reserved Multicast Address Reserved Table 1 Numbers in classes Class Number of Networks Number of Hosts A = = 16,777,214 B 2 14 = 16, = 65,535 C 2 21 = 2,097, = 254 D Not Applicable Not Applicable E Not Applicable Not Applicable 6

4 Figure 5 Multihomed devices Types of addresses Introduced at layer 2 - ex. Ethernet MAC address Addresses at layer 3 are IP Packets to specific computer are unicast Packets to groups of computers are broadcast or multicast 4.3 deals with broadcasts 8

5 Table 2 Special addresses Special Address Source or Destination Network address Specific All 0s None Direct broadcast address Specific All 1s Destination Why? Limited broadcast address All 1s All 1s Destination This host on this network All 0s Specific Destination Loopback address 127 Any Destination 9 Figure 6 Examples of network addresses Specific All 0s (a) Class A (b) Class B (c) 10

6 Figure 7 Example of direct broadcast address Specific All 1s The direct broadcast address is used by a router to send a message to every host on a local network. Every host/router receives and processes the packet with a direct broadcast address. Destination IP address: : 255 R 11 Figure 8 Example of limited broadcast address and hostid All 1s Destination IP address: A limited broadcast address is used by a host to send a packet to every host on the same network. However, the packet is blocked by routers to confine the packet to the local network. R Router blocks the limited broadcast packet 12 COSC Fall 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

7 Figure 9 Example of this host on this network address and hostid All 0s?.?.?.? Source IP address: Bootstrap server A host which does not know its IPaddress uses the IP address as the source address and as the destination address to send a message to a bootstrap server. 13 Figure 10 Example of specific host on this network All 0s Specific Destination IP address: This address is used by a router or host to send a message to a specific host on the same network

8 Figure 11 and hostid 127.X.Y.Z Example of loopback address Process 1 Process 2 TCP or UDP IP Destination address: 127.x.y.z A packet with a loopback address will not reach the network. 15 Figure 12 Sample internet G G x.y.z.t. R To the rest of the Internet R