The Construction of Birds in Yuanmingyuan Relic Park Beijing

Transcription

1 Chinese Journal of Zoology ~ * Ⅱ Tachybaptus ruficollis Anas platyrhynchos Turdus merula A. poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha A. crecca Tarsiger cyanurus Phylloscopus proregulus Accipiter nisus Paradoxornis webbianus Q958 A The Construction of Birds in Yuanmingyuan Relic Park Beijing CHEN Zhi-Qiang 1 FU Jian-Ping 2 ZHAO Xin-Ru 3 DING Chang-Qing 1 * 1 College of Biological Science and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing Science Popularization Press Beijing Beijing Normal University Beijing China Abstract From October 2002 to December times of surveys were conducted on the bird structure of Yuanmingyuan Relic Park Beijing. Totally 217 bird species of 15 orders 47 families were recorded. Among them 119 species belong to migrants 57 species belong to summer bird 42 species belong to resident 20 species belong to winter birds 1 species belongs to vagrant and 3 species were escaped bird. There were 26 bird species in Yuanmingyuan are listed as second class of China National Protected Wildlife. The little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis mallard Anas platyrhynchos and Eurasian blackbird Turdus merula were recorded as residents in Beijing and the Chinese Spot-billed duck A. poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha common teal A. crecca Orange-flanked bush robin Tarsiger cyanurus and Pallas s leaf warbler Phylloscopus proregulus were recorded as winter birds. Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus was not only migrant bird but also recorded as wintering and summering in Beijing. The wetland complexity and hydrophyte plant diversity affect the bird structure in Yuanmingyuan Park. In the recent years the clear up of weeds and shrubs caused the decrease of buntings Emberizidae and Vinous-throted parrotbills Paradoxornis webbianus. Key words Bird structure Residence type Yuanmingyuan Relic Park Beijing No. 2008BADB0B0404 * cqding@ bjfu. edu. cn chenzhiqiang407@ 163. com

2 22 Chinese Journal of Zoology hm 2 50% Nelumbo 1-5 nucifera Phragmites australis 6-9 Typha orientalis Acorus calamus Myriophyllum spicatum Nymphoides peltatum Magnolia sp. Salix sp. Sophora japonica Fraxinus chinensis Acer truncatum Lonicera maackii Lagerstroemia indica Vitex negundo var. heterophylla 1981 ~ 1986 Cotinus coggygria 1989 ~ Orychophragmus violaceus Lagopsis supin Bothriospermum chinense ~ ~ ~ 2 km / h d mm 6 ~ 8 6 km 70% %

3 = 17 / h 10 / h 1 ~ 10 / h 1 / h 0. 1 / h 0. 1 / h % Ⅱ % 119 Excel % % 42 SPSS % % % % Table 1 1 The birds construction of different seasons of Yuanmingyuan Relic Park Rare species Usual species Dominate species Total species Spring % % % 177 Summer % % % 98 Autumn % % % 152 Winter % % % 58 The data of the table the number of species accounting for the percentage of the number of seasonal species in brackets. 1 2 Fig. 1 Changes of encounter rates of waterbirds Fig. 2 Changes of encounter rates of Residence in Yuanmingyuan Relic Park in years Birds in Yuanmingyuan Relic Park in years

4 24 Chinese Journal of Zoology ~ ~ 2005 / h ~ 2008 / h ~ 2008 / h 2002 ~ 2008 Table 2 Average encounter rate of usual birds of Yuanmingyuan Relic Park year 4 Rank Species ± Encounter rate Mean ± SD 1 Passer montanus ± Cyanopica cyana ± Pica pica ± Anas platyrhynchos ± Hirundo rustica ± Tachybaptus ruficollis ± Paradoxornis webbianus ± Fringilla montifringilla ± Ardeola bacchus ± Apus apus ± Streptopelia chinensis ± Sturnus cineraceus ± Picoides major ± Parus palustris ± Carduelis sinica ± Pycnonotus sinensis ± % % ~ ~

5 Cygnus cygnus Tadorna ferruginea Circus melanoleucos Coturnix japonica Trunix tanki blanfordii Grus grus lilfordi Gallicrex cinerea Gallinago megala Asio otus otus Caprimulgus indicus jotaka Anthus richardi Lanius bucephalus bucephalus L. excubitor Corvus torquatus Locustella certhiola Cisticola juncidis tinnabulans Dicrurus hottentottus Luscinis svecicus svecica Terpsiphone paradisi incei Carduelis flammea flammea C. hornemanni exilipes Emberiza leucocephalos leucocephalos % birds. Condor Bioscience Blewett C M Marzluff J M. Effects of urban sprawl on snags and the abundance and productivity of cavity-nesting Valiela I Martinetto P. Changes in bird abundance in eastern north america Urban sprawl and global footprint

6 26 Chinese Journal of Zoology Appendix Birds list of Yuanmingyuan Relic Park in Beijing Species Month Residence type 1 Tachybaptus ruficollis R S P 2 Podiceps cristatus P 3 Pelecanus crispus 0. 1 E 4 Phalacrocorax carbo S 5 Ardea cinerea R S P 6 A. purpurea 0. 1 S 7 Egretta alba S 8 E. intermedia S 9 E. garzetta S 10 Bubulcus ibis P 11 Ardeola bacchus S 12 Butorides striatus 0. 1 S 13 Nycticorax nycticorax S 14 Ixobrychus sinensis S 15 I. eurhythmus S 16 I. cinnamomeus S 17 Botaurus stellaris S 18 Cygnus atratus E 19 Anser albifrons 0. 1 P 20 Aix galericulata P S 21 Anas penelope P 22 A. falcate P 23 A. strepera P 24 A. formosa P 25 A. crecca P W 26 A. platyrhynchos R S P 27 A. poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha P S W 28 A. acuta P 29 A. querquedula P 30 A. clypeata P 31 Netta rufina 0. 1 P 32 Aythya ferina P

7 4 27 Species Month Residence type 33 A. baeri 0. 1 P 34 A. fuligula 0. 1 P 35 Melanitta fusca 0. 1 P 36 Bucephala clangula P 37 Mergellus albellus P W 38 M. merganser P W 39 Pernis ptilorhynchus P 40 Milvus migrans lineatus 0. 1 P 41 Circus spilonotus 0. 1 P 42 C. cyaneus P 43 Accipiter gularis P 44 A. nisus P S W 45 A. gentilis P 46 Butastur indicus P 47 Buteo buteo P W 48 B. hemilasius 0. 1 P 49 Hieraaetus pennatus 0. 1 P 50 Falco tinnunculus R 51 F. amurensis P 52 F. columbarius P 53 F. subbuteo P 54 F. cherrug 0. 1 P 55 F. peregrinus P 56 Rallus aquaticus 0. 1 P 57 Amaurornis phoenicurus S 58 Porzana pusilla S 59 P. fusca S 60 Gallinula chloropus S 61 Fulica atra P 62 Himantopus himantopus P 63 Vanellus vanellus 0. 1 P 64 V. cinereus 0. 1 P 65 Charadrius placidus P 66 C. dubius P S 67 C. alexandrinus P 68 Scolopax rusticola P 69 Gallinago stenura 0. 1 P 70 G. gallinago P 71 Tringa stagnatilis 0. 1 P 72 T. ochropus P 73 T. glareola P 74 Actitis hypoleucos P 75 Larus crassirostris P 76 L. canus 0. 1 P 77 Sterna hirundo 0. 1 P 78 Chlidonias hybridus S 79 Streptopelia orientalis R 80 S. decaocto R

8 28 Chinese Journal of Zoology 45 Species Month S. chinensis R 82 Cuculus sparverioides 0. 1 S 83 C. micropterus S 84 C. canorus S 85 C. saturatus S 86 Otus bakkamoena 0. 1 R 87 O. sunia S 88 Bubo bubo 0. 1 R 89 Strix aluco 0. 1 P 90 Athene noctua R 91 Asio flammeus 0. 1 P 92 Apus apus S 93 A. pacificus P 94 Alcedo atthis R 95 Halcyon smyrnensis 0. 1 S 96 H. pileata S 97 Megaceryle lugubris R 98 Eurystomus orientalis S 99 Upupa epops R S 100 Picoides canicapillus R 101 P. hyperythrus P 102 P. leucotos 0. 1 P 103 P. major R 104 Picus canus R 105 Galerida cristata P 106 Alauda arvensis 0. 1 P 107 Hirundo rustica S 108 H. daurica S 109 Delichon urbica P 110 Dendronanthus indicus 0. 1 S 111 Motacilla alba P S 112 M. citreola 0. 1 P 113 M. flava P 114 M. cinerea P S 115 Anthus hodgsoni P 116 A. roseatus S 117 A. spinoletta P 118 A. rubescens P 119 Coracina melaschistos 0. 1 V 120 Pericrocotus ethologus 0. 2 S 121 Pycnonotus jocosus 0. 1 E 122 P. sinensis R 123 Bombycilla garrulus 0. 1 W 124 B. japonica 0. 1 W 125 Lanius tigrinus P 126 L. cristatus S 127 L. sphenocercus P 128 Oriolus chinensis S Residence type

9 4 29 Species Month Residence type 129 Dicrurus macrocercus S 130 Acridotheres cristatellus R 131 Sturnia sturnina P 132 S. sericeus R 133 Sturnus cineraceus R 134 Cyanopica cyana R 135 Urocissa erythrorhyncha R 136 Pica pica R 137 Corvus dauuricus R 138 C. frugilegus 0. 7 R 139 C. corone R 140 C. macrorhynchos R 141 Troglodytes troglodytes R 142 Prunella montanella W 143 Luscinia calliope P 144 L. cyane 0. 1 P 145 Tarsiger cyanurus P W 146 Phoenicurus auroreus P 147 Saxicola torquata P 148 Zoothera sibirica 0. 1 P 149 Z. dauma 0. 1 P 150 Turdus hortulorum 0. 1 P 151 T. merula R 152 T. obscurus P 153 T. pallidus 0. 1 P 154 T. ruficollis P 155 T. eunomus P W 156 T. mupinensis 0. 1 S 157 Muscicapa griseisticta P 158 M. sibirica P 159 M. dauurica P 160 Ficedula zanthopygia S 161 F. narcissina S 162 F. parva P 163 Garrulax davidi 0. 1 R 164 Paradoxornis webbianus R 165 Urosphena squameiceps 0. 1 S 166 Locustella lanceolata 0. 1 P 167 Acrocephalus sorghophilus 0. 1 P 168 A. bistrigiceps S 169 A. orientalis S 170 A. aedon P 171 Phylloscopus fuscatus P 172 P. armandii S 173 P. schwarzi P 174 P. proregulus P S W 175 P. yunnanensis S 176 P. inornatus P S

10 30 Chinese Journal of Zoology 45 Species Month P. humei S 178 P. borealis P 179 P. plumbeitarsus P 180 P. tenellipes 0. 1 P 181 P. coronatus S 182 P. reguloides 0. 1 S 183 Regulus regulus W P 184 Zosterops erythropleurus P 185 Z. japonicus P 186 Aegithalos caudatus R 187 Parus palustris R 188 P. songarus R 189 P. ater R 190 P. venustulus S 191 P. major R 192 Sitta villosa 0. 1 R 193 Passer montanus R 194 Fringilla montifringilla W P 195 Carpodacus erythrinus P 196 C. roseus 0. 1 W 197 Loxia curvirostra 0. 1 W 198 Carduelis spinus W 199 C. sinica R 200 Coccothraustes coccothraustes W 201 Eophona migratoria R 202 E. personata P 203 Uragus sibiricus W 204 Emberiza godlewskii 0. 1 R 205 E. cioides R 206 E. tristrami P 207 E. fucata 0. 1 P 208 E. pusilla P 209 E. chrysophrys P 210 E. rustica P 211 E. elegans P 212 E. aureola 0. 1 P 213 E. rutila 0. 1 P 214 E. spodocephala P 215 E. pallasi P 216 E. schoeniclus P 217 Calcarius lapponicus W Residence type 1 / h 2 R S W P V 3 Ⅱ 1 The value represent encounter rate the unit is ind. / h 2 R Resident S Summer bird W Winter bird P Traveler V Vagrant bird E Escaped bird 3 Second-class National protection animal.