The Biology and Control of Biting Insects including Bed Bugs.
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1 The Biology and Control of Biting Insects including Bed Bugs. Moray Anderson Technical Director, Killgerm Group.
2 The Biology of Biting Insects The season is upon us! Many biting insects in UK. Many people are bitten by insects.
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8 The Biology of Biting Insects Most bites are NOT caused by mosquitoes or bed bugs. BUT Public Health Significance of these species is increasing.
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11 The Biology of the Mosquito Many different species Worldwide distribution UK distribution, Mosquito Watch (NPAP CIEH) Many different contrasting environments From equatorial rain forests to urban sprawl
12 Mosquitoes
13 The Biology of the Mosquito Appearance 1 st distinguishing feature - long proboscis which is always longer than the thorax
14 The Biology of the Mosquito Appearance 2 nd distinguishing feature - legs and wing veins which are always covered in scales.
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16 The Biology of the Mosquito Wing scales of Culicine mosquito
17 The Biology of the Mosquito Appearance 3 rd distinguishing feature - antennae
18 The Biology of the Mosquito Antennae Male plumose antenna
19 The Biology of the Mosquito Antennae Female pilose antenna
20 The Biology of the Mosquito Life cycle Egg Anophelineeggs
21 The Biology of the Mosquito Life cycle Egg Culicine eggs
22 The Biology of the Mosquito Life cycle larvae float and feed in water pupae in water also Control water application
23 West Nile Virus What is West Nile Virus? Viral disease that can be found in a number of vertebrate species birds horses house mouse Humans Rapid spread throughout USA birds, horses, humans
24 1999
25 2000
26 2001
27 2002
28 2003
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30 West Nile Virus Do we need to worry in UK? European cases? In the last 40 years there have been WNV outbreaks in Czech Republic France Italy Poland Portugal Russia Spain Romania
31 The Biology of the Mosquito In USACulex pipiens pipiens responsible for much of the transmission of West Nile Virus Common in UK, BUT does not bite humans. Culex pipiens molestus, occurs in UK Almost indistinguishable morphologically from the typical Culex pipiens pipiens It DOES bite humans. Shows different behaviour
32 The Biology of the Mosquito Culex pipiens pipiens The larvae develop in natural or artificial collections of foul, fresh or brackish water.
33 The Biology of the Mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Culex pipiens molestus early aquatic stages are usually found underground Typical sites include flooded cellars, boiler rooms, etc.
34 Aedes albopictus
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36 Imported tyres: According to Used Tyre Working Group 1999: 20,254 tonnes (units 3,116,000) 2000: 34,921 tonnes (units 5,372,462) 2001: 37,473 tonnes (units 5,765,077)
37 SURVEY OF MOSQUITO SPECIES IN PROXIMITY TO AN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. Twelve sites were sampled. All sites could all act as breeding zones for mosquitoes All surveyed to confirm the current species of mosquitoes present at the sites
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39 Tyres in small wood near airport
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41 SURVEY OF MOSQUITO SPECIES IN PROXIMITY TO AN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT.
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45 Bed bugs Increase in numbers in recent years Is it real?
46 Local authority figures Bedbugs Bedbugs
47 Local authority figures Bedbug Cases / / / / / / / /07
48 Figures authority figures Bedbug Cases / / / / / / / /06
49 Bed bugs Increase in numbers in recent years Is it only UK? No worldwide increase hotels, cruise liners, domestic properties, hostels, etc. Reasons?
50 Bed bugs Increase in numbers in recent years Reasons? Increase in overseas travel Second-hand furniture Centrally heated houses Decline in hygiene in communal living Second hand items car boot sales
51 Bed Bugs Order Hemiptera true bugs all fluid feeding predators on other insects plant feeders vertebrate/human feeders
52 Bed Bugs Order Hemiptera Cimex lectularius. Worldwide distribution UK Cimex hemipterus. Tropical distribution
53 Bed Bugs Order Hemiptera Adults approx 4 8 mm No wings Mouthparts folded under body Good walking legs
54 Bed bugs Sites where infestations are being found hotels lodging houses youth hostels university halls of residence schools cruise ships domestic properties
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56 Bed Bugs Reproductive strategy Eggs Around per female At around 10 o C days to hatch At around 23 o C days to hatch
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59 Bed Bugs Order Hemiptera Cimex spp. Nymphs Life span days
60 Bed Bugs Order Hemiptera Cimex spp. Nymphs In good conditions egg to adult 8 10 weeks
61 Bed Bugs Order Hemiptera Cimex spp. Development times Temp ( o C) wks
62 Bed Bugs Order Hemiptera Cimex lectularius Adults Life span normally days BUT, at cool temps. ( say around 10 o C) Can survive starvation for years
63 Bed bugs All blood feeders all stages feed on human blood take 5 10 mins to feed anaemia caused if many bites no human diseases transmitted (Hepatitis B a few wks) HIV?(virus survives about 1 hour) Blood not complete diet Micro-organisms in gut resting sites important
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67 Bed bug bites
68 2 wks. later 24 hrs. after biting
69 Bed bugs Harbourages RECOGNISE where these may be: Extremely varied sites Wooden structures»beds»wardrobes»desks»tables» skirting boards etc. Electrical fittings Telephones Computers etc.
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71 Control strategies Bed bugs Inspection thorough inspection of all possible harbourages set crawling insect monitoring traps holes/cracks between rooms
72 Control strategies Bed bugs Insecticides Varied formulations sprays dusts diatomaceous earths flushing aerosols ALL possible resting sites MUST be treated
73 Control strategies Bed bugs Insecticides Vary formulations and active ingredients Treatment 1» Possibly Nylar (pyriproxyfen) plus Carbamate plus Dusts Treatment 2 (about 2 wks later)» Possibly organophosphate or Demand CS (microencapsulated) Treatment 3(about another 2 wks later)» Possibly Pyrethroid plus flufenoxuron (Tenopa)
74 Control strategies Bed bugs Monitoring success of treatments? Thorough follow-up inspections do not restrict treatment to one visit
75 Control strategies Bed bugs Resistance to insecticides behavioural resistance genetic mutation Treatment to avoid development of resistance thoroughness do not restrict to one insecticide VARY the active ingredient
76 Bed bugs Conclusions increase in numbers worldwide problem thorough control strategies needed maintain vigilance once control has been carried out
Bed Bugs. 2. How are they transferred? As above. 3. Will I get a disease? Bed bugs do not transmit human diseases.
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