1968, ( Strickland and Parsons, 1965 ; Armstrong et al., 1967 ; Strickland and Parsons, 1972 ; Grasshoff et al., 1983 ; Sato et al.

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1 15 4 Vol. 15, No CHIN ESE JOURNAL OF POLAR RESEARCH December 2003 (,,310012) (,200129) ( GB ), 50 ml 30 cm 2,1. 5 cm 2 a 10 mm 11 %, : ( GB ) 1 17 M, F ( ) 10 % , ( Strickland and Parsons, 1965 ; Armstrong et al., 1967 ; Strickland and Parsons, 1972 ; Grasshoff et al., 1983 ; Sato et al., 2001) (1975), ( GB ), ( GB ),, ( Chow and Johnstone, 1962 ;,1986 ;, 1980) 70 % 80 %, (,1988 ;,,1988) (1998) (1999) 20 ml 10 M, cm cm,1999 [] , [] ( G )

2 262 15, (2000), (2002) ( GB ) ( ),, 2 (, GB ) SHI2 MADZU UV21206, nm, 1 cm (,,2002) : 10 m ;5 m ; ( GB ) 3. 1 % NaCl 0. 8 % MgSO 4 GBW ( ) ( GB ) 25 ml : %, 0. 1 mm, cm, 1. 5 cm 1. 5 = 4. 7 cm, 5. 0 cm ; 3. 0 cm ( ), (2000),,,, ( Kline,1972), a > 10 mm, , ml, ( 2, 3, 4) 3. 3 ( 3, 4), [ ( ) 016 ] cm M ; M , E, N, 238 U 234 Th, 20 ( 1) : M M, ( C s ) ( C c ) C s = C c ,

3 4 : 263 r = ( n = 20), 11 % M, 11 % 1 ( C s ) ( C c ) Table 1. Concentration ratios of spiral to circular coils in duplicate / m C c / M C s / M C s / C c / m C c / M C s / M C s / C c : C s = C c , r = , n = ( ),( 2) :, (C, A ) (, 1986 ; Grasshoff et al., 1999) F A,(,,2002) 1 17 M,F % 23 % Table 2. Tests of three serial numbers of zinc slice, r ( n = 9) [ ( ) 016 ]cm 2, F C = A ( ) C = A cm 2, [ ( ) 013 ] cm A C = A ( ) cm 2 ;[ ( ) 016 ]cm 2 ( ) cm 2 3 ( GB ) 30 cm 2 (50 ml ),( C) F 30 = C ( x cm 2 ) / C (30 cm 2 ) ;C ( x cm 2 ) x cm 2, r/ min 8 14 min ; 6 %

4 (2002), HCO - 3 p H p H, M M ( 1),, ( n = 20) 1, 0. 3 % 5. 5 %,2. 8 % ; 0. 2 % 1. 8 %,0. 9 %, 3 ( n = 2 ) Table 3. Surface area of spiral coil and average of nitrate concentration ( n = 2) / cm / 4 M F 30 # / 4 M F / 10 M F / 10 M F / 14 M F / 14 M F # 30 cm 2,( C) F 30 = C( x cm 2 ) / C (30 cm 2 ) ;C ( x cm 2 ) x cm 2 1,,;, ( Grasshoff et al., 1983) 2 ( Grasshoff et al., 1983 ; Skougstad and Fishhman, 1963 ; Grasshoff et al., 1999), 3, 4 M, cm 2,,, 15 M, (1975,1991) : 4 M, 30 cm % (,, 2002)

5 4 : 265 (1975, 1991) 6 5 cm cm 2 11 %,1 89 % (,, 2002),, (1975,1991), 14 M, cm 2,, 9 5 cm 2, 8 5 cm 2. 7 %, 4 M 7 5 cm cm 2 ( GB ) 6 5 cm 2, 45 cm 2 ( GB ) 30 %, (1988) (1975) 0 30 cm 2, 4 12 M,25 cm 2 ( 3 1),(1999) 20 ml 10 M, cm cm ( 3) 3, EXCEL 2000 F F (1, n - 2),, 4, ( 4), 4 ( S) ( C) ( C = a + b S) Table 4. Linear regression analysis ( C = a + bs) between surface area ( S) of spiral coil and nitrate con2 centration ( C) (/ ) ( n) S2C ( r) ( a) ( b) ( p) / 4 M / 4 M / 10 M / 10 M / 14 M / 14 M (1975) :,46 49,, (1986) :,,, 33, , 153, 261 (1988) :,, 7 (2), 83 89

6 266 15, (1988) :,, 7 (3),13 17, (2000) :,,,,, 19 22, (2002) :,, 21 (2), (1980) :,, 10 (3), (1999) :( ),, (6), Armstrong FAJ, Stearns CR and Strickland JDH (1967) : The measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means of the Technicon Autoanalyzer and associated equipment, Deep2Sea Research, 14, Chow TJ, Johnstone MS (1962) :Determination of nitrate in sea water, A nal. Chi m. Acta, 127, Grasshoff K et al. (1983) :Methods of Seawater Analysis(Second, revised and extended edition), Weinheim, Verlag Che2 nie, Grasshoff K et al. (1999) :Methods of Seawater Analysis ( Third, completely revised and extended edition), Wiley2VCH, Weinheim, , , 568. Kline M (1972) : Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, New York, Oxford University Press, Sato K et al. (2001) :R/ V Mirai MR002K06 Cruise Report, Tokyo, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, 147. Skougstad MW and Fishhman MJ (1963) : Nitrate, nitrite and nitrogen compounds in water analysis, A nalytical Chem2 ist ry, 35 (5), 190R. Strickland JDH and Parsons TRA (1965) :A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis, Bulletin No. 125 (Second revised edi2 tion), Ottawa, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Strickland JDH, Parsons TRA (1972) : A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis, Bulletin No. 167 (Second edition), Ot2 tawa, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, ZINC2COIL SHAPES AND ITS AREAS IN SEAWATER NITRATE MEASUREMENT OF ZINC CADIUM METHOD Jin Mingming, Tang Renyou, Chen Jianfang and Lu Yong (Laboratory of Regional Oceanography, SIO ; Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences,SOA, Hangzhou , China) Chen Bo ( Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai , China) Abstract According to t he zinc cadmium reduction met hod in China Specification for Oceano2 graphic Survey, surface area of circular zinc2coil of 1. 5 cm diameter is 30 cm 2 for the 50 ml sample. We improved the circular coil to the Archimedes spiral coil of the interval 2 a greater than 10 mm, the nitrate concentrations with the spiral coil are 11 % higher than that with the circular coil. In the area tests of the spiral coil and for 4 M concentrations of stan2 dard nitrate solution, the concentration value becomes saturated beyond 35 cm 2. As for 14 M concentration, the concentration value approaches saturated until at 45 cm 2. So the 30 cm 2 area of the circular coil in the Specification is not enough. In the range between 1 and 17 M, the relative errors of nitrate concentrations with the spiral coils of the F98072 and serial numbers (Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co. ) are about 19 % 23 %. Key words nitrate, surface area, zinc, seawater, analytical method.

Application Note: Absorbance

Application Note: Absorbance Units Units Theory of absorbance Light absorption occurs when atoms or molecules take up the energy of a photon of light, thereby reducing the transmission of light as it is passed through a sample. Light