Effects of fertil izer levels on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and contents of protein and yield in grain in specialty wheat

Transcription

1 2003, 26 (1) : 1 5 Journal of N anjing A gricultural U niversity 3,,,,, (, ) :, 10 9, 10 (225 kg hm - 2 ) (33715 kg hm - 2 ) (150 kg hm - 2 ) (150 kg hm - 2 ) (30 kg hm - 2 ), 9 3, ; 9 (11215 kg hm - 2 ) (30 kg hm - 2 ), (LAI) ; 9 : ; ; ; ; ; : S : A : (2003) Effects of fertil izer levels on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and contents of protein and yield in grain in specialty wheat SHEN Jian2hui, J IAN G Dong, DAI Ting2bo, J IN G Qi, TIAN Yong2chao, CAO Wei2xing 3 ( Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agric U niv, Nanjing , China) Abstract : Field experiment was conducted to study effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application levels on yield and quality of grains, photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves, and nitrogen accumulation and distribution in plant in two specialty wheat varieties : mid2gluten and weak2gluten 1 Grain yields and protein contents of were high under the treatments of moderate (225 kg hm - 2 ) or high nitrogen (33715 kg hm - 2 ) with high phos2 phorus (150 kg hm - 2 ) and potassium (150 kg hm - 2 ), and under the treatment of moderate nitrogen with high phosphorus and low potassium (30 kg hm - 2 ). Yields of with the above treatments were also high, but grain protein contents were low with the treatments of moderate or high nitrogen with high phosphorus and potassium. were lowest in the treatments of low nitrogen (30 kg hm - 2 ) and high potassium. Grain protein contents and yields of Grain yield remarkably related to photosynthetic parameters of flag leaf and LAI at anthesis. Leaf nitrogen content at anthesis and the difference of nitrogen content between anthesis and maturity of showed conic relation to grain protein content1 Key words : mid2gluten wheat ; weak2gluten wheat ; fertilizer application quantity ; photosynthetic characteristics ; grain yield ; grain quality [1,2 ] [3, ], : : ( ) ; ( ) ; (B K , B K ) : (1963 ), 3 Corresponding author : (1958 ),, Tel : ' China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.

2 2 26 [4,5 ], [6,7 ],,,, Table 1 Description of each treatment in the experiment 10 9, 1 4 : 40 % 20 % 30 % 10 % ; 70 % 30 % ; 50 %, 3, 15 m hm - 2, 20 cm 112 / kg hm - 2 Fertilizer applied N P K 1 N H P H K H N L P H K H N M P H K H N M P L K L N M P H K L N M P L K H Note : N = nitrogen ; P = phosphorus ; K = potassium ; H = high ; M = middle ; L = low1the some as follows1 CID CI 301PS, mol m - 2 s - 1 CID CI 510CF, 5 min (LAI) ICT AccuPAR 80, 517 GB/ T ,, 9 10 ( 1) ( 2), ( 2), ( 3 5) ( 6 4), ( Table 2 Effects of different treatments on yield and yield components of wheat 9 / 10 4 hm - 2 Spike number Grains per spike / g kernel wt. / kg hm N H P H K H a a a a 2 N L P H K H ab a a b 3 N M P H K H ab a a a 4 N M P L K L ab a a a 5 N M P H K L ab a a a 6 N M P L K H b a b b Yield 10 1 N H P H K H a a b a 2 N L P H K H abc a ab b 3 N M P H K H ab a a ab 4 N M P L K L abc a ab ab 5 N M P H K L ab a ab a 6 N M P L K H bc a a b : The different letters refer to signifcance at 0105 level. The same as follows1

3 1 : % 711 %) ( % 515 %) 225 kg hm - 2,,, 3 5,, ; 4 6,, 6, 4, ( 3), 1316 %, ( < 1115 %, GB/ T ) %, % %,, , 9 3 Table 3 Effects of different treatments on contents of protein and starch in grains, and parameters of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in flag leaf of wheat / % / % CO 2 Protein content Starch content P n / mol m - 2 s - 1 C i / mol N H P H K H ab ab 2113 a ab a 2 N L P H K H b a 1814 b ab ab 3 N M P H K H ab b 2115 a b a 4 N M P L K L a b 1915 ab ab ab 5 N M P H K L ab ab 2013 ab b ab 6 N M P L K H b a 1811 b a b 1 N H P H K H a b 2219 a b a 2 N L P H K H b bc 1913 b ab c Fv/ Fm 10 3 N M P H K H ab c 2117 ab b b 4 N M P L K L a c 1913 b ab c 5 N M P H K L ab bc 2210 a b a 6 N M P L K H b a 1812 bc a c 213 LAI ( P n ) ( Fv/ Fm) CO 2 (C i ) (C i, CO 2 ) P n Fv/ Fm 6, 2 4 ; C i 6, 2 4 ( 3),, 2, LAI ( 1), Fig11 Effects of different treatments on LAI of LAI, LAI wheat flag leaf 214 4, , 6 ;,,

4 Table 4 Effects of different treatments on nitrogen content in vegetative organs of wheat at anthesis and maturity stages Leaf blade Anthesis Sheath and internode Leaf blade Maturity Sheath and internode 1 N H P H K H 3156 a 1104 a 0187 a 0124 a 2 N L P H K H 2175 bc 0173 bc 0176 a 0115 a 9 3 N M P H K H 3128 ab 0194 a 0178 a 0118 a 4 N M P L K L 2183 abc 0172 bc 0169 a 0117 a 5 N M P H K L 3140 a 0183 ab 0179 a 0120 a 6 N M P L K H 3109 ab 0181 ab 0172 a 0120 a 1 N H P H K H 3135 a 0190 a 0192 a 0139 a 2 N L P H K H 2181 abc 0159 bc 0174 a 0116 a 10 3 N M P H K H 3125 a 0199 a 0172 a 0120 a 4 N M P L K L 2182 abc 0176 abc 0170 a 0126 a 5 N M P H K L 3114 ab 0197 a 0192 a 0128 a 6 N M P L K H 2176 bc 0181 ab 0188 a 0123 a 215 2, P n Fv/ Fm LAI, C i, LAI 2 LAI Fig12 Correlation analysis between yield and photosynthetic parameters of flag leaf, and LAI in wheat at anthesis stage ( 3), 9 ( ),, 9,, 10,

5 1 : 5 3 Fig13 Correlation analysis between grain protein content and nitrogen content at anthesis, 3 and nitrogen redistribution between anthesis and maturity stages [8 ], [5 7 ],, kg hm kg hm - 2 ( 1, 3 5), 10 9,, ; ( 2) ( 6), 9, LAI, LAI 9,,, : [ 1 ],. [J ]., 2001, 21 (2) : [ 2 ],,,. [J ]., 1999, 14 (5) : 1 5. [ 3 ]. [J ]., 2001 (1) : [ 4 ],,,. [J ]., 2001, 35 (1) : [5 ],,,.. [J ]., 2001 (2) : [ 6 ],,. [J ]., 2001, 35 (4) : [ 7 ],,,. [J ]., 2000 (5) : [ 8 ],. [J ]., 2000 (6) : :