UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA. GY 112: Earth History. The Proterozoic. Lecture 18: Tectonics Part 1. Instructor: Dr. Douglas W.
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1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History The Proterozoic Lecture 18: Tectonics Part 1 Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick
2 Last Time 1) The Early Atmosphere 2) The Oceans and Hydrosphere 3) The Change
3 Earth s Early Atmosphere 4.1 GA: N 2 ; HCl; SO 2 ; CO 2 ; CH 4 ; NH 3 ; NO 2 ; H 2 O No. O 2
4 Earth s Hydrosphere All water on, in and over the Earth is recycled via the hydrologic cycle
5 Ozone UV radiation in the upper atmosphere makes ozone 2H 2 O + UV H 2 + O 2 2O 2 + UV O 3 + O
6 Oxygen Cyanobacteria (e.g., the microorganisms comprising stromatolites) and photosynthesis made oxygen starting at least GA ago.. Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 ( sugar ) + 6O 2
7 Oxygen The atmosphere became oxidizing by 1.8 GA and reached near current levels by the Ordovician.
8 Today s Agenda The Proterozoic Part 1 1) The Proterozoic time frame 2) Paleogeography 3) Tectonics (Wopmay Orogeny) (Web Lecture 18)
9 The Proterozoic Eon Eon Phanerozoic Proterozoic Archean Hadean Time 550 MA to 0 MA 2.5 GA to 550 MA 4.1 GA to 2.5 GA 4.6 GA to 4.1 GA Platform: younger (550 MA-2.5 GA) sedimentary rocks
10 The Proterozoic Eon Eon Phanerozoic Proterozoic Archean Hadean Time 550 MA to 0 MA 2.5 GA to 550 MA 4.1 GA to 2.5 GA 4.6 GA to 4.1 GA Division (ERA) Neoproterozoic Mesoproterozoic Paleoproterozoic Age 900 MA to 550 MA 1.6 GA to 900 MA 2.5 GA to 1.6 GA Paleo- old Meso-middle Neo-new
11 Proterozoic Paleogeograpy Neoproterozoic 650 MA This is about as far back as we can go with detailed paleogeography
12 Proterozoic Paleogeograpy Rodinia (the first supercontinent) The Earth 1.0 GA But we can guestimate back to about 1 GA
13 Archean Tectonics Recall: Archean Tectonics involved differentiation of the Earth s crust. Volcanoes, plutons and stretching of the crust, but possibly limited to no rifting
14 Archean Tectonics Translation: As far as we can tell, there was no modern plate tectonics during the Archean.
15 Modern Plate Tectonics 7 major lithospheric plates
16 Modern Plate Tectonics Rigid lithospheric plates float atop ductile asthenosphere
17 Modern Plate Tectonics Where they make contact, you get serious geology (earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain building)
18 Modern Plate Tectonics But this type of tectonics has not always occurred
19 But this type of tectonics has not always occurred The first evidence of divergent and convergent plate tectonics was during the Paleoproterozoic (2.1 GA) in the Slave Province of the Canadian Shield
20 But this type of tectonics has not always occurred The first evidence of divergent and convergent plate tectonics was during the Paleoproterozoic (2.1 GA) in the Slave Province of the Canadian Shield
21
22 Coronation Geosyncline
23 Coronation Geosyncline Wopmay Orogen
24 Coronation Geosyncline Wopmay Orogen Bathurst Aulocogen
25 Coronation Geosyncline Wopmay Orogen Bathurst Aulocogen Athapuscow Aulocogen
26 A paleogeographic reconstruction of the Coronation Geosyncline 2.1 GA would look like this:
27 Which indicates that the Earth s crust rifted, flooded with seawater and deepened over time
28 The Coronation Geosyncline therefore represents the opening of an ocean basin (i.e., a new ocean formed). But
29 Linear trenches also opened up.
30 Linear trenches also opened up. They were mostly filled with coarse gravel and breccia (phase 1 fill in the Coronation Geosyncline)
31 Linear trenches also opened up. They were mostly filled with coarse gravel and breccia (phase 1 fill in the Coronation Geosyncline) Triple Junction Ternary rifting patterns Chalk board
32 In any triple junction, one of the arms will become a failed rift or an Aulcogen. Two will continue to spread into an ocean
33 The best modern example of a failed arm is the East African Rift
34 But the Coronation Geosyncline ocean did not last a long time.
35 But the Coronation Geosyncline ocean did not last a long time. Granite was emplaced along the western side around 1.8 GA
36 But the Coronation Geosyncline ocean did not last a long time. Granite was emplaced along the western side around 1.8 GA indicating a plate collision with another continent.
37 This mountain-building event is called the Wopmay Orogeny
38 So what hit us?
39 The culprit was Australia seen here fleeing the scene of the accident about 500 MA after the incident
40 Today s Homework 1. Pay your USA parking tickets! 2. Quiz Thursday (definitions) Next Time 1. Proterozoic Tectonics Part 2
41 GY 112: Earth History Lecture 18: Proterozoic Tectonics Part 1 Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick dhaywick@southalabama.edu This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.
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