5G Not Just a Faster 4G
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1 5G Not Just a Faster 4G Erik G. Ström CommunicaDon Systems Dept. of Signals and Systems Chalmers Univ. of Technology Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
2 So, what is 5G? Good quesdon! Depends on how you ask, however, 5G is whatever comes after 4G. Another answer: Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
3 One System to Rule All Services Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
4 Wireless 1G: NMT + other ca G: GSM + other ca G:WCDMA + other ca EU FRAMES 4G: LTE ca EU WINNER 5G:? ca EU METIS Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
5 Chalmers University of Technology METIS in a Nutshell EU FP7, 28 M Euros 30 months ( to ) High level objecdve Lay the foundadon, Ensure a global forum, and Build an early global consensus for 5G 5 vendors (Ericsson,...) 5 operators (Deutche Telekom,...) 13 academic org. (Chalmers,...) 1 car OEM: BMW Leads Moving Networks in METIS Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
6 Facts and for 2020 Cellular Systems (according to METIS) Avalanche of traffic Explosion of the number of connected devices Large diversity of use cases and requirements guaranteed service level reliability QoS X billion (2010) 50 billion (2020) data rate link budget device capabilities latency duty cycle As 4G, but beser and then some new stuff Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
7 METIS Science & Technology Objectives To provide a system concept that supports 1000 Dmes higher mobile data volume per area 10 Dmes to 100 Dmes more connected devices 10 Dmes to 100 Dmes higher typical user data rate 10 Dmes longer badery life for low power MMC 5 Dmes reduced end- to- end latency Avalanche of traffic Explosion of the number of connected devices Large diversity of use cases and requirements guaranteed service level reliability QoS X billion (2010) 50 billion (2020) data rate link budget device capabilities latency duty cycle Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
8 METIS System Concept Generic 5G Services xmbb mmtc umtc Extreme Mobile Broadband Massive Machine- Type CommunicaDon Ultrareliable Machine- Type CommunicaDon Source: METIS deliverable D6.6 Final report on the METIS 5G system concept and technology roadmap hdps:// Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
9 Chalmers University of Technology METIS System Concept Generic 5G Services xmbb mmtc umtc Source: METIS deliverable D6.6 Final report on the METIS 5G system concept and technology roadmap hdps:// Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
10 Extreme Mobile Broadband (xmbb) EssenDally 4G- style services, but much beder than what can be expected by evolved 4G User features High data- rates at some places Reliable moderate data- rates everywhere Moderately low latencies Technical features Wide frequency ranges: from sub- GHz to mm- Wave Wide deployment range: from large macro to extreme small cell Selected technology components Flexible OFMD- based radio interface, shorter frames, wider bandwidth MulDple antennas: beamforming, massive MIMO, CoMP Dynamic RAN Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
11 Chalmers University of Technology Massive Machine- Type (mmtc) User features Scalable connecdvity, 105 devices/access node Good coverage: wide area and deep indoor Low cost, complexity, energy consumpdon Technical features Very low signaling overhead User features TDMA- style access - Scalable connectivity OpDonal aggregadon - Wide area coverage Selected technology components - Deep penetration M2M relaying - Low cost, complexity & energy consumption ContenDon- based access Technical features Narrowband transmission a) Massive MTC (mmtc) - Very low signaling overhead - Time synchronous access Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22, 2015 c) b) 11
12 Ultra- Reliable Machine- Type (umtc) User features Ultra reliable Low latency Low data rates Technical features D2D network controlled, ad- hoc fallback MulD- operator operadon Fast discovery and link establishment Selected technology components Availability indicator framework Advanced channel esdmadon and predicdon Advanced HARQ with deadlines Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
13 Source: METIS deliverable D6.6 Final report on the METIS 5G system concept and technology roadmap hdps:// Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
14 METIS System Concept (see D6.6) Generic 5G Services xmbb mmtc umtc Main Enablers LSCP DRAN LCTF ST 100+ Technology Components Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
15 Lean System Control Plane (LSCP) IntegraDon of xmbb, mmtc, and umtc Possible separadon of control and data planes Control at lower frequencies, data at higher frequencies for xmbb Enhanced energy performance OpDmized sleep mode for mmtc Ensure scalability Ad- hoc fallback for umtc Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
16 Dynamic Radio Access Network (DRAN) Includes ultra- dense networks, nomadic nodes, massive MIMO beams, and D2D User nodes can be both end- nodes and network nodes Node acdvadon and deacdvadon, self- opdmizing networks Wireless muldhop self- backhaul Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
17 Localized Contents and Traffic Flows (LCTF) Cache content and provide services as far out towards the network edge as possible Reduce data transport Reduce latency Flat network architecture Traditio nal Access Nodes Access Virtual Network D2D+MN Access +URC Nodes Massive MIMO UDN CoMP MMC Aggregation Network (local, regional, national) DATA CENTER Core Network Internet MN D2D Mobile Core Centralized Functions + OAM Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
18 Spectrum Toolbox (ST) Wide spectrum range Fragmented spectrum Different regulatory rules Diverse bandwidths Diverse access methods Licensed Unlicensed Hybrids Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
19 Frequencies Spectrum Requirements Lower frequencies: good coverage, but small available bandwidths Higher frequencies: bad coverage, but large available bandwidths Type of access Exclusive (licensed) bands: interference easy to control Shared bands: interference less easy to control License- free bands: interference hard to control Bands Bands Exclusive < 6 GHz > 6 GHz Bands Shared Bands Licensefree Bands xmbb J J J J J mmtc J K J K K umtc J L J K L Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
20 1000X capacity: three ways forward In order of increasing poten5al Higher efficiency Advanced coding and moduladon Smart scheduling MulDple antenna systems More spectrum All good spectrum is already used Spectrum at higher carrier frequencies (say, >6 GHz) is sdll available, but is challenging to use More base Avalanche of traffic X 1000 Denser network à more capacity per unit area 5 billion (2010) Gains are limited as the number of basestadons approach or exceeds the number acdve terminals Explosion of the number of connected devices 50 billion (2020) Larg cases guara servic data r d ca Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
21 Chalmers University of Technology Antennas MIMO > Massive MIMO MulDple antenna system can increase data rate and/or reliability PotenDal to reuse same spectrum with up to a factor N = number of antennas Integral part of modern wireless systems Future direcdon might be using very large number of antennas at the base stadon This is called massive MIMO, which has potendal for significantly increased spadal hdp:// reuse Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
22 Chalmers University of Technology No spectrum, no Radio Waves f = 3 khz 300 GHz λ = 10 km 1 mm Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
23 Chalmers University of Technology Spectrum allocation chart for Mauritius, source: hdp:// Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
24 New 5G Bands in the 6-40 GHz Band (According to METIS)! Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
25 New 5G Bands in the GHz Band (According to METIS) Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
26 versus Frequency Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
27 Densifying Network Macro cell provide coverage, but poor cell edge performance Adding smaller cells (micro, pico, femto) smoothens out the performance Seems to be a simple and feasible soludon, right? Source: hdp://electronicdesign.com/4g/understanding- small- cell- unificadon- s- vital- role- lte- and- 4g Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
28 Can Moore s Law save us? "The number of transistors incorporated in a chip will approximately double every 24 months." No! Cost is dominated by deployment of base stadons and energy costs Cost for electronics is decreasing cost for concrete and energy is not à New thinkning is needed for 2020 Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
29 New Technology Example 1 Moving Networks Vehicles will be an integral part of the network, not mearly end nodes In other words, vehicles will be moving base sta@ons today 5G Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
30 New Technology Example 2 Direct Device- to- Device (D2D) Communica5on UL DL D2D caused interference Network assistance D2D suffered interference D2D D2D Gains [1] Proximity gain: increased data rate, decreased delay, power consumpdon Reuse gain: same radio resources can be used by cellular and D2D links Hop gain: a cellular link needs a uplink and a downlink resource, a D2D link needs only one resource [1] G. Fodor, et al., Design Aspects of Network Assisted Device- to- Device CommunicaDons, IEEE Comm. Mag., March 2012, pp Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
31 Timeline Possibility to influence 5G = amount of orange Exploring new paradigms, fundamentals, system concepts System optimisation / Implementation standardisation/trial (Pre-commercial Trial) Further developments on fundamentals Beyond 2020 system IMT.UPDATE (traffic, etc..) WRC 12 WRC 15 SPECTRUM STUDIES sharing VISION for Beyond IMT-Advanced Spectrum allocadon Rel-12 Rel-13 4G evoludon Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
32 Conclusions METIS is concluded and 5G is taking shape 5G generic services Extreme mobile broadband (xmbb) Massive machine- type communicadon (mmtc) Ultra- reliable machine- type communicadon (umtc) The MTC services are new à new thinking is needed (security, energy efficiency, reliability, latency, ) Many interesdng enablers moving networks D2D (also ad- hoc, muld operator) massive MIMO Next wave of 5G projects has just started, stay tuned for more results Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
33 Sources Lots of material inspired/copied from METIS public deliverables hdps:// For an overview of the METIS system concept, please see D6.6 Final report on the METIS 5G system concept and technology roadmap Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
34 BACKUP Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
35 Overall including METIS technology roadmap Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
36 5G- PPP Phase 1 Projects Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
37 Project Time Plan Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
38 Modern Cars are Moving Wireless Systems RKE/TPMS RF RKE LF 6 Alarm sensor GNSS 3G/4G Bluetooth WLAN bgn GNSS (Sat nav.) 3G/4G MIMO DAB L-band/SDARS WLAN bgn WLAN p 2 Broadcasting AM/FM1/FM2/TMC In a Modern Car Approximately 40 antennas 100 ECUs (computers) 2 km cable harness 125 khz 100 GHz Volume: 5 x 2 x 1.5 m Radar TPMS 4 DAB III/DVB-T 4 Radar (obstacle) 2 Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
39 METIS Scenarios and Test Cases Chalmers University of Technology Amazingly fast Great service in a crowd Best experience follows you Super real- 5me and reliable connec5ons Ubiquitous things communica5ng Dense urban information society Virtual reality office Shopping mall Stadium Open air festival Traffic jam Mobile cloud processing Blind spots Teleprotection in smart grid Emergency networks communications Traffic efficiency and safety Massive deployment of sensors and actuators Business as usual New business Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
40 METIS Scenarios and Test Cases Chalmers University of Technology Amazingly fast Great service in a crowd Best experience follows you Super real- 5me and reliable connec5ons Ubiquitous things communica5ng Dense urban information society Virtual reality office Shopping mall Stadium Open air festival Traffic jam Mobile cloud processing Blind spots Teleprotection in smart grid Emergency networks communications Traffic efficiency and safety Massive deployment of sensors and actuators Vehicular relevance Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
41 TC6: Traffic Jam Smartphones and tablet is expected to increase the consumpdon of public cloud services on the move This is especially challenging on highways and rural areas, where network deployment is sparse A difficult scenario is unforeseen traffic jams that leads to high data traffic demands that are unpredictable in space and Dme Erik G. Ström Ström August Lindholmen 16, 2013 So3ware Developer Day October 22, 2015 Slide 41
42 TC7: Blind Spots In any fixed network deployment there will be coverage holes, due to shadowing This will lead to service outage or high badery consumpdon for mobile devices It is not cost- effecdve to eliminate all coverage holes by deploying more base stadons Vehicles can serve as mobile base stadons This makes sense, since vehicles and people are usually at the same places Erik G. Ström Ström August Lindholmen 16, 2013 So3ware Developer Day October 22, 2015 Slide 42
43 TC8: remote for mobile terminals Cloud storage and compudng is adracdve for several reasons offloading heavy calculadons and storage leads to simpler, less expensive, and less power- hungry terminals Mobile cloud compudng requires high- speed, low- latency, and available communicadon The automodve and transportadon industry will rely on remote processing to ease vehicle maintenance and to offer novel services to customers with very short Dme- to- market Erik G. Ström Ström August Lindholmen 16, 2013 So3ware Developer Day October 22, 2015 Slide 43
44 Chalmers University of Technology Intelligent Transport Systems (C- ITS) CooperaDve à V2X communicadon Traffic Safety Electronic emergency brake light Traffic jam ahead StaDonary vehicle warning, etc. Traffic Efficiency Green light opdmal speed advisory CooperaDve adapdve cruise control Platooning, etc. Erik G. Ström Lindholmen So3ware Developer Day October 22,
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