THE CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM. Chapter 9
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1 THE CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM Chapter 9
2 Cardiorespiratory System What are the functions of the cardiorespiratory system? Transport O 2 to tissues and removal of waste Transport of nutrients to tissues Regulation of body temperature
3 Cardiorespiratory System What are the components of the cardiorespiratory system? Cardio- Heart = a pump between external and internal respiration Blood Vessels = transportation Respiratory Lungs = gas exchange
4
5 Cardiovascular System Heart Blood vessels
6 THE HEART PULMONARY CIRCUIT SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT
7 THE HEART FOUR CHAMBERS 2. Right atria - blood from systemic system to Right ventricle - blood to pulmonary system and then to Left atria - blood from pulmonary system to Left ventricle - blood to systemic system and then to...right atria (and repeat)
8 Cardiovascular System Systemic circuit " Which side of the heart is part of the systemic circuit? " What is the oxygen content of the blood as it leaves the heart (high or low)? Pulmonary circuit " Which side of the heart is part of the pulmonary circuit? " What is the oxygen content of the blood as it leaves the heart (high or low)?
9 BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART Blue section shows blood flow through the right side of the heart Red section shows blood flow through the left side of the heart
10 MYOCARDIUM or Cardiac Muscle What is the myocardium? Why is the left ventricle the most powerful and largest of the chambers? Right Wall Left Wall
11 MYOCARDIUM Intercalated disks What are they? What is their function?
12 CONTROL OF THE HEART - INTRINSIC
13 CONTROL OF THE HEART What part of the heart is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart? What is the function of the A-V node? What is an electrocardiogram?
14 Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) TERMS Depolarization: stimulation of the myocardium Repolarization: recovery of the myocardium from stimulation
15
16 CONTROL OF THE HEART - ECG
17 MEDULLA Control Center 1. Neural input to medulla Higher brain centers Receptors Baroreceptors (blood vessels) Stretch receptors (heart) Chemoreceptors (blood vessels) Mechanoreceptors (muscles/joints) 2. Neural output from the medulla Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system
18 MEDULLA Control Center
19 CONTROL OF THE HEART NEURAL CONTROL Parasympathetic Nervous System acts through the vagus nerve. What affect does the vagus have on heart rate? What affect does the Sympathetic Nervous System have on heart rate? HORMONAL CONTROL What affect do the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine have on heart rate?
20 HEART FUNCTION - Heart Rate Heart Rate Definition? What is a typical resting heart rate?
21 HEART FUNCTION - Cardiac Cycle Cardiac Cycle: Events that occur between two consecutive heartbeats (systole to systole) What is Systole? What is Diastole?
22 HEART FUNCTION - Cardiac Cycle
23 HEART FUNCTION - Heart Rate Why does heart rate increase during exercise? How is heart rate increased?
24 HEART FUNCTION Stroke Volume What is stroke volume? What happens to stroke volume during exercise? How is stroke volume increased?
25 HEART FUNCTION - Cardiac Output (Q) What is cardiac output? Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume Example: HR of 72 beats/minute x SV of 70 ml/beat Therefore, Q = 72 x 70 or 5,040 ml/min or L/min [the beat(s) cancel out]
26 HEART FUNCTION Heart Rate beats per minute Stroke Volume (SV) milliliters per beat (ml/beat) Cardiac Output (Q) milliliters per minute liters per minute (L/min)
27 HEART FUNCTION - Cardiac Output (Q) How is cardiac output increased during exercise? Why is cardiac output increased during exercise?
28 a-v O2 Difference Oxygen Extraction at Rest Arteries 20 ml or oxygen in every 100 ml of arterial blood Veins 15 ml/100 ml of blood. How much oxygen did the muscles use?
29 THE VASCULAR SYSTEM (Circulation) Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules & Veins
30 THE VASCULAR SYSTEM - Arteries How do arteries differ from other blood vessels?
31 THE VASCULAR SYSTEM - Arterioles Unique? Smooth muscle sphincters Function? Blood distribution Vasodilation Vasoconstrict ion
32 THE VASCULAR SYSTEM - Capillaries What makes capillaries unique from other blood vessels?
33 THE VASCULAR SYSTEM - Veins What makes veins unique from other blood vessels?
34 Muscle Pump
35 Muscle Pump
36 BLOOD PRESSURE Systolic is the pressure in the when the heart is. Diastolic is the pressure in the when the heart is. What is a normal resting blood pressure? What happens to systolic blood pressure during exercise? Why?
37 BLOOD PRESSURE
38 THE BLOOD What are some of the functions of the blood? Transportation: gas, nutrients, and wastes Regulates temperature Others
39 THE BLOOD FORMED ELEMENTS Red blood cells. What do they do? White blood cells. What do they do? Platelets. What do they do?
40 THE BLOOD BLOOD VOLUME
41 THE BLOOD - Hematocrit What is Hematrocrit? Ratio of formed elements (mostly RBC) to the total blood volume What is a typical value?
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