Employing & Combining On-Site Power Technologies:

Transcription

1 Employing & Combining On-Site Power Technologies: To Support Carbon Neutral, Sustainable Design Clark C. Bisel, PE, LEED AP WSP Flack + Kurtz

2 CSIRO Energy Center: Harvest the Elements

3 Overview Project Background Design Overview Project Results Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts Financial Conclusions Future Opportunities / Needs in California

4 Emissions Reductions A Key Decision Variable Initiated in 1999 at a dynamic time in world energy politics Opened in 2003, the CSIRO Energy Centre sets a new benchmark in ecologically sustainable design, and showcases technology that enables buildings to use up to 60 percent less energy while integrating onsite generation of power to match the building's demands (

5 CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Australia s premier scientific research group Over 6,000 staff across entire continent Diverse interests agribusiness to built environment to radio astronomy

6 CSIRO Energy Center The Project World class research facility Energy neutral: on site use = on site supply Cost effective Use a systems design approach and multiple technologies

7 Two Tiered Design Process 1) Optimize Building Energy Needs 2) Evaluate Energy Source Options

8 Optimize Building Energy Needs Establish baseline energy model Reduce envelope impacts Integrate climate opportunities Reduce internal equipment loads Define user environment Create a modular and flexible facility Optimize building services design

9 HVAC Initiatives Underfloor office air conditioning system with mixed mode controls Operable windows for offices and thermal chimneys to create natural ventilation Dual air system with corridor make up Variable speed fans to fume hoods plus all other variable flow air and water systems 100% outside air with heat recovery and indirect evaporative cooling Building heating, process water, and domestic hot water using heat recovered from site energy generation

10 Electrical Initiatives Natural light to all functional spaces, optimize glazing Light shelves on north walls of offices and laboratories Direct/indirect pendent luminaires / T 5 lamps Electronic ballasts with dimming capability Lighting control daylight and occupancy sensing with automatic on/off control wherever possible Energy Star office equipment

11 Building Controls Initiatives Supervisory control & data acquisition for site generation Sophisticated Building Management system to match physical systems Central computer control for integration of all components Energy auditing of actual and planned performance Public display of generation performance

12 Evaluate Energy Source Options Energy Task Force to provide impartial analysis and jointly select from a menu of energy supply options Involve all stakeholders Chaired by WSP Flack + Kurtz as notional ombudsman Create analysis protocol to be consistently applied throughout project

13 Evaluation Criteria & Weightings CO2 Ability to minimize CO2 emissions % Deliverability Degree of risk associated with availability of selected source % Integration Ability to integrate the technology into the buildings and site % Image Positive public perception of CSIRO initiative % Commercialization Ability to obtain support from the energy industry % Capital Cost Treated separately and holistically

14 Energy Procurement Program Objectives Government & industry participation Promotion of benefits of participation Financial investment and/or support Promotion of a new energy culture Promotion of Australian technologies Harnessing international technologies Facilitating incorporation of leading edge energy technologies

15 On Site Generation Mix 3 small wind turbines of 20 kw 1 medium wind turbine of 100 kw (future) 90 kw of building integrated photovoltaic arrays 2 microturbines of 60 kw 1000 kwh battery 4 small fuel cells of around 25 kw (future) Heat recovery and absorption chiller (future) Total capacity 520 kw

16 Project Results CSIRO Vision Grant from Sustainable Energy Development Authority Photovoltaics Preliminary LEED scoring potential Gold Rating X Australian Greenhouse Office grant failed because savings seen as too small (under 2,000 tons/year) Potential for financial and technology support from industry failed

17 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California All new residential construction in California will be zero net energy by 2020 All new commercial construction in California will be zero net energy by 2030 CPUC 2007

18 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California Energy demand is on an equal basis with energy supply. As a result of this decision, energy efficiency will be viewed as a resource deserving the same type of strategic thinking as already invested in new power plants. - PUC Commissioner Timothy Alan Simon

19 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California How do we do it, and what does it mean?

20 The Definition of Zero Net Energy Buildings which, on an annual basis, use no more energy than is provided by on-site renewable energy sources.

21 The Definition of Zero Net Energy On site

22 The Definition of Zero Net Energy Address project related energy generation: Not on site energy opportunities

23 The Definition of Zero Net Energy On site may be overly restrictive: Limits project development area resulting in sprawl and greater transportation impacts.

24 The Definition of Zero Net Energy The California Energy Commission has recognized that transportation energy in the state is more than 50% greater than building energy use.

25 The Definition of Zero Net Energy Potential Consequence: Urban development ceases to exist?

26 The Definition of Zero Net Energy Are on site energy resources available? Location Screening by neighbors access

27 The Definition of Zero Net Energy The definition of Zero Net Energy is often carefully worded on exclusions.

28 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California On site energy generation is not currently allowed in Title 24 documentation!

29 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California Title 24 does not regulate user process energy at all! (Neither does ASHRAE 90.1)

30 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California Title 24 only allows a few fixed system types (Same as ASHRAE 90.1)

31 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California Title 24 does not allow exceptional calculations outside the energy model. (ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G does)

32 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California Title 24 does not account for water use in the building yet The water/energy relationship is clearly shown Water related energy use consumes: 19% of the state s electricity 30% of its natural gas 88 billion gallons of diesel fuel every year and this demand is growing!

33 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California Title 24 does not account for building vertical transportation.

34 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California Title 24 does not account for transportation energy. Decisions affecting land use directly affect energy use and the consequent production of greenhouse gases, primarily because of the strong relationship between where we live and work and our transportation needs. California Energy Commission

35 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California The conclusion: Title 24 and building design must radically change!

36 Zero Net Energy Buildings in California The exemplary building of today will become the norm in the near future!