Chemical guidelines/standards for drinking water (at Approval) Application A1043. World Health Organization Limits for Packaged Water

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1 Supporting document 2 Chemical guidelines/standards for drinking water (at Approval) Application A1043 World Health Organization Limits for Packaged Water Executive summary FSANZ has tabulated the various chemical substances and their respective maximum levels in a number of drinking water guidelines and standards. These guidelines or standards include: Australia New Zealand Food,, Table to clause 2(2). WHO, 2011 (WHO guidelines), Table A3.3 Guideline values for chemicals that are of health significance in drinking-water. The chemical limits in these guidelines are also used by the x for Bottled/Packaged Waters (other than natural mineral waters) ( STAN ). x for Waters, 2011 ( STAN ). National Health and Medical Research Council (),, New Zealand Ministry of Health, for New Zealand, 2005/2008. Australasian Bottled Water Institute, Model. All maximum levels have been expressed as mg/l. A Chemical Abstract Service registry number () has been provided where appropriate. i

2 or Guideline Packaged water, natural mineral water of drinking water for Waters for New Guideline Guideline Guideline Packaged water Drinking water Water Drinking water Drinking water Packaged water Chemicals in common with the Arsenic (A,T) 0.01 (total As) g 0.05 Barium Borate/Boron (as H 3 BO 4 ) 2.4 (as Boron) 5 (as Boron) 4 (as Boron) 1.4 Cadmium Chromium (as Cr 0.05 (P) (total) 0.05 (total Cr) 0.05 (as Cr(VI)) 0.05 (total) g 0.05 (VI)) Copper Cyanide Fluoride (Naturally occurring) 1.5* Labelling for >1 mg/l & > h 1.0 mg/l Lead (A,T) Manganese Mercury (inorganic) Nitrate i 10 Nitrite Organic matter NA 3.0 (KMnO 3 digested as O 2 ) Selenium (P) Sulphide 0.05 (as H 2 S) Zinc

3 for Waters INK king-water for New Zealand (2005) Additional chemical analytes Acephate Acrylamide a Alachlor a Aldicarb , (sulfoxide & sulfone) Aldrin and Dieldrin Ametryn Amitraz Amitrole Anatoxin-a g Anatoxin-a(s) g Antimony Asulam Atrazine (and its chloro-s-triazine metabolites, WHO) Azinphos-methyl g Benomyl Bentazone g Benzene a Benzo(a)pyrene a Beryllium g Bioresmethrin Bromacil Bromate (Na) (K) Bromodichloromethane 0.01 a (A,T) a

4 for Waters Bromoform Bromophos-ethyl Bromoxynil Captan Carbaryl for New Carbendazim/ Thiophanate-methyl Carbofuran Carbon tetrachloride Carbophenothion Carboxin Carfentrazone-ethyl Chlorantraniliprole Chlorate (D) 0.8 g Chlordane also Chlorfenvinphos Chlorine (C) 5 (4.1 for chloraminated systems) Chlorine dioxide Chlorite (D) g Chloroacetate (as chloroacetic acid) Chlorobenzene g Chloroform Chlorophenol Chlorothalonil Chlorotoluron Chloroxuron Chlorpyrifos Free <0.1 3

5 for Waters for New Chlorsulfuron Clopyralid Cyanazine Cyanogen chloride (as CN) Cyfluthrin & betacyfluthrin Cylindrospermopsin g Cypermethrin isomers Cyprodinil Deltamethrin ,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) b ,4-DB (2,4- dichlorophenoxy butyric acid) c 0.1 DDT d and metabolites , Diazinon g Dicamba Dichlobenil Di( g ethylhexyl)adipate Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Dibromoacetonitrile Dibromochloro methane 1,2-Dibromo a chloropropane 1,2-Dibromoethane a (P) g 4

6 for Waters (EDB, ethylene dibromide) Dichloroacetate a (D) 0.1 (dichloroacetic acid) for New 0.05 (dichloroacetic acid) g Dichloroacetonitrile (P) 0.02 g 1,2- Dichlorobenzene, (o-dichlorobenzene) (C) ,4- Dichlorobenzene, (p-dichlorobenzene) (C) ,2-Dichloroethane a ,1-Dichloroethene ,2-Dichloroethene (1,2- dichloroethylene) Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) 2,4-Dichlorophenol ,2-Dichloropropane (P) 0.05 g (1,2- DCP) 1,3-Dichloropropene a j Dichlorprop / Dichloroprop-P (2,4- DP; 2-(2,4- dichlorophenoxy) propionoic acid)) Dichlorvos Diclofop-methyl Dicofol Difenzoquat

7 for Waters Diflubenzuron Dimethoate ,4-Dioxane a Diphenamid Diquat (ion), diquat dibromide g Disulfoton Diuron g 2,2-DPA (Dalapon; 2,2 dichloropropionic acid) for New EDTA (edetic acid) Endosulfan g Endothal Endrin Epichlorohydrin (P) # g EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl- (thiocarbamate)) Esfenvalerate Ethion Ethoprophos Ethylbenzene (C) Etridiazole Fenamiphos Fenarimol Fenitrothion Fenoprop (Silvex; 2,4,5-TP) Fensulfothion Fenthion Fenvalerate j 6

8 for Waters for New Fipronil Flamprop-methyl Fluometuron Fluoranthene g Flupropanate Formaldehyde Formothion Fosamine Glyphosate Haloxyfop Heptachlor (and its epoxide) g Hexachlorobenzene g Hexachloro j butadiene Hexaflurate Hexazinone g Homoanatoxin-a g Hydroxyatrazine Imazapyr Iodide Iprodione Isoproturon Lindane (ɣhexachlorocyclohexane) Lithium g Maldison (Malathion) g Mancozeb for ETU (ethylene thiourea = degradant) MCPA e

9 MCPB (4-(2-methyl- 4-chlorophenoxy) butyric acid) for Waters for New Mecoprop (MCPP) Metalaxyl g Metaldehyde Metham for MTIC (methylisothiocya nate = degradant) Methidathion Methiocarb Methomyl Methoxychlor Methyl bromide Metiram for ETU (ethylene thiourea = degradant) Metolachlor Metribuzin g Metsulfuron-methyl Mevinphos Microcystin-LR (P) microcystin-lr (free plus cellbound) Molinate Molybdenum j Monochloramine Monochloroacetate (as the acid) Monocrotophos Napropamide

10 for Waters for New Nicarbazin Nickel g 0.1 Nitralin Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) Nitrite, long term g N-Nitrosodimethyl amine (NDMA) Nodularin g Norflurazon Omethoate Oryzalin g Oxadiazon g Oxamyl Paraquat Parathion (ethyl parathion) Parathion-methyl g Pebulate Pendimethalin Pentachlorophenol a (P) g Permethrin g 2-Phenylphenol g Picloram g Piperonyl butoxide Pirimicarb Pirimiphos-ethyl Pirimiphos-methyl g Polihexanide Primisulfuron methyl g Procymidone g 9

11 for Waters for New Profenofos Propachlor Propanil g Propargite Propazine g Propiconazole Propyzamide Pyrasulfotole Pyrazophos Pyridate g Pyriproxifen Pyroxsulam Quintozene Saxitoxins (as Saxitoxin equivalents) Silver Simazine Sodium dichloroisocyanurate as cyanuric acid Sodium g fluoroacetate (1080) Spirotetramat Styrene (C) (vinylbenzene) Sulfate NA 500 Sulprofos ,4,5-T f Temephos Terbacil g Terbufos Terbuthylazine Terbutryn

12 Tetrachloroethene (Tetrachloroethylene) for Waters for New Tetrachlorvinphos Thiobencarb Thiabendazole g Thiometon Thiophanate Thiram Toltrazuril Toluene (C) Triadimefon Tributyltin oxide g Trichlorfon Trichloroacetate (as trichloroacetic acid) Trichloroacetaldehyde (chloral hydrate) g 0.2 (as trichloroacetic acid) Trichlorobenzenes (total) 0.03 (total) g Trichloroethane g Trichloroethene (P) 0.08 g (trichloroethylene) Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-(as speciated phenolics) a (C) Triclopyr g Trifluralin Trihalomethanes See individual The sum of the ratio of the 0.25 The sum of the ratio of the

13 entries concentration of each to its respective guideline value should not for Waters for New concentration of each to its respective MAV should not exceed 1 exceed 1 Uranium (P) g Vernolate Vinyl chloride a Xylene (C) (total) 10 Surface active < LOQ agents Pesticides and PCBs < LOQ Mineral oil < LOQ Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons < LOQ Total no. of analytes Information correct as of 10 May

14 Notes regarding chemical guidelines/standards for drinking water Explanatory notes A = provisional guideline value because calculated guideline value is below the achievable quantification level; C = concentrations of the substance at or below the health-based guideline value may affect the appearance, taste or odour of the water, leading to consumer complaints; D = provisional guideline value because disinfection is likely to result in the guideline value being exceeded; P = provisional guideline value because of uncertainties in the health database; T = provisional guideline value because calculated guideline value is below the level that can be achieved through practical treatment methods, source protection, etc. a For substances that are considered carcinogenic, the guideline value is the concentration in drinking water associated with an upper-bound excess lifetime cancer risk of 10-5 (one additional cancer per of the population ingesting drinking water containing the substance at the guideline value for 70 years). b 2,4-Dichlororphenoxyacetic acid. c 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid. d Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. e 4-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid. f 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. g PMAV: Provisional Maximum Acceptable Value (because it is provisional in the WHO (WHO 2004) or WHO has no guideline value but the New Zealand Drinking Water standards have retained a MAV or developed its own). h For oral health reasons the NZ Ministry of Health recommends that the fluoride content for drinking-water in New Zealand be in the range of mg/l. This is not a MAV. i Short term exposure. The short term exposure MAVs for nitrate and nitrite have been established to protect against methaemoglobin in bottle-fed infants. j Not strictly part of the ABWI CoP, but a value is included by the testing laboratory (NMI = National Measurement Institute, Australia) * Fluoride: Volume of water consumed and intake from other sources should be considered when setting national standards. # The guideline value is below the limit of quantitation. Improved analytical procedures are required for this compound. ^ Chemical limits also used for the x for Bottled/Packaged Waters ( STAN ). Additional information not shown in table For the New Zealand, MAVs are defined as the maximum acceptable values for inorganic and organic compounds of health significance. Both the Drinking water and the New Zealand also contain maximum acceptable values for radiological compounds: References World Health Organization s (WHO) Annex 3 (Chemical Summary Tables). Table A3.3 Guideline values for chemicals that are of health significance in drinking-water. NRMMC Paper 6 National Water Management Strategy. National Health and Medical Research Council, National Resource Management Ministerial Council, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. Ministry of Health. for New Zealand Wellington: Ministry of Health. 13