Auxiliary Have/Has + Past participle

Transcription

1 Mardi 08/03/2016 ROSNET Elissa L2 CR : Juliette Phélip Anglais C. Brandenburger 16 pages Lecture 5 (Tenses ; Saying It Aloud ; Figures ; Taking a History) Plan A. CHAPTER 6 Tenses : Present Perfect I. Present Perfect Simple II. Present Perfect continuous III. Difference between PPS and PPC IV. Exercises B. CHAPTER 4 Saying It Aloud Stress I. Verbs and nouns in 2-Syllable words II. Stress in longer words (-ION;-IAN;-IC) III. Exercices IV. Stress in longer words (-Y) and Exercices C. CHAPTER 9 Figures D. CHAPTER 5 Taking a History A. CHAPTER 6 Tenses : Present Perfect I. Present perfect simple Remarque 1 : En Français, le passé composé : Avoir ou Être + Participe Passé (ex : j'ai mangé / je suis allée /), s'il n'y a pas de mouvement je mets «avoir», s'il y a un mouvement on utilise le verbe «être». Alors qu'en anglais on utilise toujours «Have» + PP. Remarque 2 : Le passé composé français est presque toujours traduit par le Preterit et non pas le Present Perfect. Remarque 3 : Le Present Perfect est souvent traduit en français par le présent simple. Construction du present perfect Auxiliary Have/Has + Past participle (Past participle = -ed or 3rd column irregular verbs ;worked, eaten) Used for all forms : Affirmative, Interrogative and Negative forms. Present perfect will help you to conjugate Plu Perfect (Plus-que-Parfait). 1/16

2 When to use it: (FI : Forme interrogative ; FN :forme négative ; FA : forme affirmative) 1- Every time there's a link (lien) between present time and something that started in the past, 2- When an action started in the past and has an importance in the present, when it still goes on, 3- Time span (laps de temps), 4- When you've gain experience through time. Les marqueurs de temps sont capitaux pour repérer l'usage temps. Attention avec since qui montre le point de départ dans le temps. Exemple :He has studied English - for 8 years. - since Traduit en français par du présent II. Present Perfect continuous Construction: Have/Has + Been + verbe en -ing On utilise alors des termes qui ont une certaine durée dans le temps : sleep, work, rain ; words with idea of duration. Timemarkers are the same. 2/16

3 III. Difference between PPS and PPC Il faut chercher une notion de durée (1), ou de discontinuité dans l'action (action finie) (2). The captain has always done a lot of sport, that's why he can walk so fast. IV. Exercises Yet : FI et FN ; Already : FA I've just had lunch/ I've just eaten. He s (has) just gone out. I haven t finished yet. No, I've already done it. Have you found a place to live yet? I haven t decided yet. No, she s (has) just come back. 1. gone been gone gone been If you just went out, use «gone», if you came back, use «been». 3/16

4 Have you played tennis before? No, this is the first time I ve played tennis. Have you ridden a horse before? No, this is the first time I ve ridden a horse. Have you been to London before? (To car il y a un déplacement) No, this is the first time I ve been in London. (Elle y est donc plutôt in) How long have you been working there? How long have you been selling computers? We ve been waiting for the bus for 20 minutes. I ve been learning Spanish since December. Mary s been working in London since 18 January. They have been going to Italy for years I ve been looking for you. Why are looking at me like that? She s been teaching for ten years. I ve been thinking about what you said. No, he s working. She s been working very hard recently. 4/16

5 She has been travelling for three months. (PPC) She has visited six countries so far. (PPS) Patrick has won the national championship 4 times so far. (PPS) He has been playing tennis since he was ten. (PPC) They have made five films since they left college. (PPS) They have been making films since they left college. (PPC) He s (has) appeared in several films. I haven t been waiting long. No, it's (has) stopped. I ve lost my address book, have you seen it? I ve been reading the book you lent (prêter) me, but I haven t finished it yet. I ve read the book you lent me, so you can have it back now. 6. Since For For Since For How long have you known Simon? When did you first meet him? How long have they been married? When did they get married? 5/16

6 B. CHAPTER 4 Saying It Aloud Stress I. Verbs and nouns in 2-Syllable words Stress: Accent tonique = partie du mot qui est le plus en relief. Traduction : Certains mots sont à la fois un verbe et un nom, par exemple record, qui peut signifier soit enregistrement (nom) soit enregistrer (verbe). Si l accent tonique se situe sur la première syllabe, record est un nom (enregistrement). Mais si l accent tonique est sur la seconde syllabe, record est un verbe (enregistrer). Attention! Ce changement d accent tonique pour les mots pouvant être à la fois un verbe ou un nom n est pas systématique. Par exemple, answer, picture, promise, reply, travel, visit se prononcent de la même façon qu ils soient un verbe ou un nom. Attention! L accent tonique reste au même endroit quand on allonge un de ces mots à deux syllabes (avec un suffixe ou un préfixe). Par exemple, on prononce happy (0o), unhappy (o0o) ; depart (o0), departure (o0o) Nouns are stressed 0o and verbs are stressed o0. 1. Progressed = o0; progress = 0o Import = o0; export = 0o Protest = 0o; rebelled = o0 Desert = 0o; contrast = 0o Produce = o0; objects = 0o 6/16

7 1. Answer Mistake Copy 6. Guitar Complete Promise Shampoo Reason II. Stress in longer words (-ION;-IAN;-IC) 1 - avec -ION : en général, l'accent se décale de 2 positions vers la droite. Chaque fois que le mot fini par -TION l'accent tonique est avant le -TION. 2 - avec -IAN : une position vers la droite. 3 - avec -IC : décale d'une position vers la droite. III. Exercices 1 Combine the words with an ending in -ION or -IC. Find the stress position for both groups and say if the stress is different or the same. 1. Introduce Describe Improve Compete Optimist 6. Diplomat 7. Explain 8. Decide 9. Romance 10. Science Introduction Description Improvement Competition Optimistic Diplomatic Explanation Decision Romantic Scientific Same Same Same Different Different Different Different Same Different Different 7/16

8 2 Find the stress position for both groups and say if the stress is different or the same. 1. Biology o0oo Operate 0oo Improve o0 Library 0oo Examine o0o 6. Degenerate o0oo 7. Pediatrics oo0o 8. Psychology o0oo 9. Develop o0o 10. Saturate 0oo Biological oo0oo Operation oo0o Improvement o0o Librarian o0o Examination ooo0o Degeneration ooo0o Pediatrician ooo0o Psychological oo0oo Development o0oo Saturation oo0o IV. Stress in longer words (-Y) and Exercices Make a word ending in -ITY, and find the stress pattern. Person universe public major nation real human electric personality university publicity majority nationality reality humanity electricity oo0oo oo0oo o0oo o0oo oo0oo o0oo o0oo oo0oo 1. Sociology - ooo0oo civilasation Biological oo0oo oo0oo Legalization 6. authorise ooo0o 8/16

9 C. CHAPTER 9 Figures Cardinal numbers : Avant la dizaine «and» Ordinal numbers and dates : On écrit «4 January» mais on dit «4th of January» ou «January the 4th» Arithmetic : + : plus/and ; - : minus ; x : times/multiplied by ; : divided by Saying '0' : en fonction du contexte (telephone number «oh», mathematics «oh», temperature «zero», football «nil», tennis «love») Talking numbers : odd numbers : nombres impairs ; even numbers : nombres pairs 9/16

10 Une adresse mail se dit : sera@club-internet.fr : «sera at club hyphen internet dot fr» Exercice. full stop (period, USA)? question mark : colon ' apostrophe tick new paragraph three dots, points of suspension (dot/dot/dot) «...» inverted commas _ dash (in a sentence, qui sépare) A capital letter (in capitals) a bold (type face), comma! exclamation mark ; semi-colon / stroke (slash, USA) x cross s underline a italics ( ) (between) brackets - hyphen (ex : hard-working, relie deux éléments) a small letters (lower case) new line Deciphering abbreviations a) Y don't U send an ? b) I.O.U at least $20. c) Would U like a cup of T? e) Y R U late? h) I 8 a good meal with the supplier! l) We deal C2B or B2B only. m) Can you C the factory over there? h) We must B on time. i) Your call is in a Q, please hold. Y : Why U : You IOU I owe you (je te dois) U : You T : Tea Y : Why R :Are U : You 8 : ate C2B : customer to business B2B : business to business C : see B : be Q :queue (en attente) Making out telephone numbers What telephone numbers did you hear? : one seven oh seven six for two double one two : one five eight oh seven one two four triple one oh seven one five eight one nine three one five 10/16

11 1. 14 stone = about 85Kg (1 stone : 6,35kg) 1.81m (1 foot : 30 cm 1 inch : 2,5 cm) C 13/9 226g (8x28) 6. 45Km (28x1,6) Km It's height is 135x5= 30 cm. It weighs 46x0.450= 1.5 kg one third two and five eighths six and a half twenty-three and three quarters (or three fourths) five eighths two thirds Nil Love Nought point (0,1%) Zero O «oh» like the letter 11/16

12 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) n) o) p) q) r) s) t) a) b) c) d) e) («treize à la douzaine») ?? 54 F=14 C 24 C 35 C 12 C 20 C a) b) d) e) f) g) h) i) Thirty Eighty Fifteen Fourteen (a fortnight : une quinzaine) Fifty cents Seventy mph (miles per hour) Thirteen Sixteen 12/16

13 D. CHAPTER 5 Taking a history Interrogatoire du patient Presenting complaint : motif de consultation Widow/Widower : veuve/veuf 13/16

14 Drug History over the counter : sans ordonnance compliance : observance ; to comply with the treatment Family history : Reviewing the systems : Asking about the central nervous system Headaches : Maux de tête Black Out : évanouissement, malaise Fits : crises épilepsie Dizziness : vertige 14/16

15 Ringing in the ears : bourdonnement Numbness : engourdissement Tingling : fourmillement - amener, favoriser vomir poursuivre apparaître laisser tomber grossir s'avérer que contre toute attente Dédicace au Carpache, à la Team Mada, aux P2 et au mal de crâne après le cours d'anglais (ok j'arrête de me plaindre ça aurait pu être de l'aih)! 15/16

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