Chapter 3 Application Lesson using Visual C Express Edition

Transcription

1 Chapter 3 Application Lesson using Visual C Express Edition To start Visual C++ 1. Click the Start button on the Windows taskbar to open the Start menu. 2. Point to All Programs, point to Microsoft Visual C Express Edition and then click Microsoft Visual C Express Edition. The Microsoft Visual C++.NET copyright screen appears momentarily, and then the Microsoft Development Environment window opens. 3. If the Start Page window is not open, click View on the menu bar then point to Other Windows and click Start Page in the submenu. In the Integrated Development Environment window shown above, the window to the left is the Solution Explorer window, the top-right window presently showing the Start page is the Editor window, and the tab visible in the window at the bottom is the Output window. The Solution Explorer window enables you to navigate through your program files and display their contents in the Editor window and to add new files to your program. You can select other window tabs to be displayed with the Solution Explorer window using the View menu. The Editor window is where you enter and modify source code and other components of you application.

2 In the bottom of the IDE there is another window with tabs that you can choose to display by using the View menu. The Code Definition window displays the definition of a symbol selected in the Editor wins. The Call Browser window enables you to search your code for function calls. The Output window displays messages that result from compiling and linking your program. This textbook uses console applications. A console application is a program that runs in a Command Prompt window. You communicate with the program through the keyboard and screen. This allows you to concentrate on learning the C++ language before moving on to the complexities of graphical interfaces. Creating a new project When you create a project, a new solution is created automatically unless you elect to add the project to an existing solution. 1. Click File on the menu bar, point to the New command and then click Project. Or press CTRL+Shift+N or you can also click Project adjacent to Create: in the Recent Projects pane The New Project window displays.

3 Make sure that Win32 is selected in the left pane, and that Win32 Console Application is selected in the right pane. 2. In the Name: text box, enter Ch3Lab2 Browse to the location where you want to save your projects. 3. Click the OK button to display the Win32 Application Wizard dialog box.

4 In the Application Wizard you can customize the settings. Click Application Settings on the left to display the Application Settings page of the wizard. On this page you can choose options that you want to apply to the project.

5 Click the Empty project option. When you click Finish, the project will automatically open in Visual C

6 Visual C++ automatically creates the solution folder if it does not exist. By default the folder has the same name as the project, and contains the project folder and three files: A file that has.sln (which stands for solution ) as its filename extension, and records information about the projects in the solution. A file that has.suo (solution user options) as its filename extension, and is used to record the user options for the solution (a hidden file.) A file that has.ncb for the Intellisense data used for autocomplete features. To Add a C++ source file to the project Right-click the project in the solution explorer pane, then point to Add and click on New Item from the context menu. The Add New Item dialog box displays. Click Code in the Categories: pane Click C++ File (.cpp) in the Templates: pane Enter Ch3Lab2 in the Name text box Click Add to add the source file to the project.

7 When you click the Add button, the new file is added to the project and is displayed in the Editor window. The file is empty so nothing is displayed.

8 Begin entering the code that is shown on page 107 in the Editor window. You ll notice that the editor displays the comments, keywords (include and using), and symbols (#) in a different color from the rest of the code, to help you quickly identify the various elements in the code. Also notice that the editor lines up matching sets of curly braces and indents the code contained in the code block. An asterisk in the tab indicates that the source file contains changes that have not been saved. Saving a Solution Click the Save All button on the Standard toolbar, or click File on the menu bar, and then click Save All. The Save button on the Standard toolbar saves only the changes made to the selected item in the Solution Explorer. To save the solution, select the solution s name in the Solution Explorer window first.

9 Closing the Current Solution Click File on the menu bar and then click Close Solution. When you close a solution, all projects and files contained in the solution are closed. You will be prompted to save any unsaved changes. Opening an Existing Solution Click File on the menu bar, then point to the Open command, and then click on the Project/Solution command. The Open Project dialog box is displayed. Navigate to and open the solution folder. Select the Solution File (.sln file extension). Click Open button Note: you can also type Ctrl+Shift+O to display the Open Project dialog box. Practice saving, closing and opening the solution you just created. Then add the remaining program code shown on page 110. Saving, Building, and Executing a C++ Program 1. Click the Save All button on the Standard toolbar. 2. Click Build on the menu bar, then click Build Solution The message Build: 1 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 skipped appears in the Output window at the bottom of the IDE. This message indicates that the program was built (compiled and linked) successfully. Other messages are also displayed in the Output window while the program is being built. It is a good practice to view those messages to be sure that the program generated not warnings.

10 3. Scroll up the Output window to view the other messages.

11 4. Click Debug on the menu bar, then click Start Without Debugging to run the program. Note: Be sure to click Start Without Debugging on the Debug menu rather than Start. If you use Start, the Command Prompt window will not display the Press any key to continue message. Instead, the window will close immediately after displaying the program output.

12 5. Type 250 as the current weekly pay, then press Enter Type.03 as the raise rate, then press Enter The new weekly pay (257.5) appears on the screen along with the Press any key to continue message. Visual C++.NET editor automatically displays the Press any key to continue message on the screen when your program ends.

13 6. Press Enter to close the Command Prompt window, and then close the Output window by clicking the Close button on its title bar. Locating and Correcting an Error in a Program It is extremely easy to make a typing error when entering a C++ program, thereby producing a syntax error in the program. You will now introduce an error into the program to see how errors are reported, found and corrected. 1. Delete the semicolon that appears at the end of the double currentpay = 0.0; statement in the program. 2. Click the Save All button on the Standard toolbar. 3. Click Build on the menu bar, then click Build Solution. The Output pane at the bottom of the IDE window includes the error message. 4. Double-click the error message in the Output pane and the editor displays an arrow at the location where the error was encountered in the program. To get documentation on an error, click the line in the Output pane that contains the error number and then press the F1 key. 5. Type the semicolon at the end of the double currentpay = 0.0 statement. Save and build the program and then test it to see that it is working correctly.

14 6. Scroll up the Output window to view all the messages generated during the build process. Check for warning messages. Printing a C++ program To print the current active window, then close the program s solution and exit Visual C++.NET 1. Click File on the menu bar, then click Print. When the Print dialog box appears, click the OK button 2. Click File on the menu bar, then click Close Solution to close the current solution. This removes the solution from the computer s internal memory. You now can open either a new or an existing solution. 3. Click File on the menu bar, then click Exit to exit Visual C++.NET Making a Backup Copy of a C++ Solution 1. Navigate to the Solution folder, then delete the.ncb bile 2. Open the Project folder and delete the Debug folder 3. Navigate to the folder that contains the Solution folder. 4. Right-click the solution folder. Point to Send To on the context menu Activity for Lab3.3 Copying C++ source code contained in Ch3Lab2.cpp file to a new solution 1. Create a blank solution named Ch3Lab3 Solution and save it where you are saving you course work. 2. Add an empty C++ Win32 Console Project to the solution; name the project Ch3Lab3 Project

15 3. Add a new C++ source file to the project. Name the source file Ch3Lab3. 4. Click File on the menu bar, point to Open, and then click File. The Open File dialog box opens. 5. Open the Ch3Lab2 project folder; then click Ch3Lab2.cpp in the list of filenames, then click the Open button to open the Ch3Lab2.cpp file. 6. Click Edit on the menu bar, then click Select All to select all of the source code statements in the Ch3Lab2.cpp window.

16 7. Click Edit, then click Copy to copy the selected source code to the clipboard. 8. Close the Ch3Lab2.cpp window by clicking the Close button on its title bar. 9. Click the Ch3Lab3.cpp tab. Click Edit, then click Paste to paste the Ch3Lab2.cpp code in the Ch3Lab3.cpp window. 10. Change the filename in the first program comment to Ch3Lab3.cpp. If necessary, change the date in the second comment. Now remove the processing item (raise) from the program. 1. Make the appropriate modifications to the program. 2. Save and then build the solution. If necessary, correct any syntax errors, then save and build the solution again. 3. Execute the program. Test the program using your own sample data, then close the Command Prompt window. 4. When the program is working correctly, close the Output window, then use the File menu to close the solution.