Magnetic Forces On Current-Carrying Wires
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1 Magnetic Forces On Current-Carrying Wires The purpose of this experiment is to get you familiar with the forces on a currentcarrying piece of wire when it is in a magnetic field. You will use the AC/DC Electronics Board to mount two 1.5 volt batteries, which will provide the current for the wires. You will also have a straight length of wire about a meter in length, a coil of wire, and a strong rare earth magnet. To determine the north/south poles of the rare earth magnet, we will use the magnetic field sensor that we saw the first week of classes, hooked up to the 750 Interface. THE RARE EARTH MAGNET IS EXTREMELY STRONG, STRONG ENOUGH TO WIPE YOUR CREDIT CARDS, STOP YOUR WATCH, OR DO SERIOUS DAMAGE TO YOUR COMPUTER, IF IT COMES CLOSE ENOUGH TO ANY OF THESE. DO NOT REMOVE THE MAGNET FROM ITS PROTECTIVE PLASTIC CASE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I. Predicting The Magnetic Force On A Straight Length Of Wire The force on a segment d l of a wire carrying current I in a magnetic field B ext is given by df = I dl x B ( B is the part of the magnetic field caused by external currents somewhere else, it is not ext the magnetic field caused by the wire segment itself) ext 1
2 Prediction 1. Suppose the rare-earth magnet in your experimental setup has its North magnetic pole on top. If a wire is located above the magnet as shown in the figure, with the current in the wire moving from left to right, predict the direction of the force on the wire, and draw it on the figure. Prediction 2: Suppose you now place the wire in front of the magnet in its midplane, as shown in the figure below, with the current in the wire again running from left to right. Now predict the direction of the force on the wire, and draw it on the figure. Prediction 3: Suppose you place the wire behind the magnet in its midplane, with the current in the wire again running from left to right. Now what is the direction of the force on the wire? 2
3 Into the page Out of the page II. Predicting The Magnetic Force On A Coil Of Wire Prediction 4: Suppose you now place a circular coil carrying current above the magnet and coaxial with it (see figure), with the current in the coil running so that current moves counterclockwise as seen from above. Will the coil of wire be attracted to or repelled by the permanent magnet? (Remember, the North pole of the magnet is assumed to be on the top.) attracted repelled Which of the two figures on page 4 represents the TOTAL magnetic field configuration in this case (field of both magnet and coil of wire)? Field Configuration A Field Configuration B 3
4 Prediction 5: Suppose that the current in the ring runs so that current moves clockwise as seen from the top in the figure above. Will the coil of wire be attracted or repelled by the permanent magnet? attracted repelled Which of the two figures on page 4 represents the TOTAL magnetic field configuration in this case? Field Configuration A Field Configuration B Show the above predictions to one of the instructors in the room, and when he or she has looked at it and 4
5 made sure it is correct, and checked your group off, proceed to the next section. III. Measuring The Force On A Straight Length Of Wire And On A Coil Of Wire. Perform the experiments that are described above, using your length of wire, battery and coil of wire to see if reality agrees with your predictions. The rare earth magnet may have either the N or S pole on top. Use your Hall Probe magnetic field sensor to determine whether N or S is on top. If N, then all your predictions above should be correct; if S, then they should all reverse sign. Note: In looking for the force on a straight wire, bend your long wire into a long U shape so that there is plenty of length of wire to allow movement of the wire due to the magnetic force. If you use too short a piece of wire, it will be too rigid to flex enough to show the force clearly. 5
6 Field configuration A 6
7 Field configuration B 7
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