The Physics of Energy sources Renewable sources of energy Part I

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Physics of Energy sources Renewable sources of energy Part I"

Transcription

1 The Physics of Energy sources Renewable sources of energy Part I B. Maffei Bruno.maffei@manchester.ac.uk Renewable sources 1

2 Introduction! Definition! Renewable energy source: extraction/generation of energy from resources that are naturally occurring, unlimited or rapidly replenished. We need to replenish the resources from which energy is extracted at least at the same rate than it is consumed! Is it worth it?! So far, renewable sources of energy were expensive in comparison to others! Due to energy price increase (mainly lately) and technological progress renewable sources are becoming competitive. Note: not all renewable sources are necessarily clean Renewable sources 2

3 Purpose! Why do we need these?! As we have seen in lecture 1, fossil fuels (on which we are very dependant) reserves are coming to an end.! Energy demand is increasing! We need to replace/complement these sources by ones that will not disappear! Government white paper on Energy has a target of 10% of energy from renewable sources by % of energy from renewable sources by 2020 At present ~ 3%! Preferably we need clean (or at least cleaner) sources! In order to fulfil the Kyoto treaty Decrease production of greenhouse gases (mainly CO 2 and NO) Target: 60% CO 2 reduction by 2050 (in comparison to 1990 level) The EU is proposing 20% by 2020, 40% by 2030 and 80% cut by 2050! To avoid radioactive waste Fission produces elements that will remain radioactive for several 100,000 years Fusion would produce less waste, less radioactive and for shorter period Renewable sources 3

4 What will we see?! Sources directly extracted from Sun radiation! Solar heating! Solar cells! Sources indirectly extracted from Sun radiation! Bio-fuels! Biomass! Wind power! Hydroelectricity! Wave power! Tidal energy! Geothermal Renewable sources 4

5 Natural energy resources for grab on Earth Renewable sources 5

6 Biomass and Biofuels Renewable sources 6

7 Photosynthesis facts! It is the making (synthesis) of organic structures and oxygen by the action of solar radiation! The creation of these chemical elements is equivalent to energy storage Potential energy! It is the most important renewable energy process! Living organisms made from material fixed by photosynthesis! This is where human metabolism gets its energy from Human metabolism continually releases ~ 150W from food! Photosynthetic output power on Earth ~ W! ~ Equivalent to 10 5 nuclear power plants! Could we use this enormous amount of energy for our needs?! As a renewable source of energy! Without effect on other resources! As a green energy source? Renewable sources 7

8 What is photosynthesis?! It is the absorption of CO 2 and H 2 O to form carbohydrates and proteins! This reaction happens in plants! It is the results of several processes than can be classified in 2 consecutive steps Light dependent reaction: photosynthetic reactions absorption of photons Light independent reactions: Calvin-Benson cycle! It is an endothermic reaction Here the energy is provided by the photons of the solar radiations! The resulting equation can be written as [ CH 2O] H2O( ) CO + H O + photons O + + 2( g) 2 2 ( l) 2( g) ( aq) l [CH 2 O] represents a basic unit of carbohydrate Ex: formation of glucose 6 CO2 + 12H 2O + photons 6O2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O Renewable sources 8

9 1 st Process: Absorption of radiation! Solar radiation on a leaf is reflected, transmitted or absorbed! Less than 5% of the absorbed radiation is used for photosynthesis The remainder is producing heat to heat the plant or to evaporate water! The energy absorption process leading to photosynthesis:! Is not a thermal effect (raise T increase kinetic energy)! It is more like photoelectric effect: normal state conduction excited state! The absorption spectrum is not flat hν ΔE hν e ΔE + Absorption spectrum of leave Absorption spectra of separated components (lab) Abs spectrum of leave different from sum of individual abs spectra Cooperative interaction of various pigments Renewable sources 9

10 Absorption of radiation (2)! We have 2 photo-sensitive processes: PS2 and PS1 PS2: reduction of water to oxygen hν 4H2O O2 + 2H2O + 4H + + 4e 4 photons needed. ΔE= 1.82eV λ max = 680nm PS1: production of a strong reducing agent NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) 4 other photons needed. ΔE= 1.77eV λ max = 700nm Renewable sources 10

11 2 nd process: dark reaction! The formation of NADPH by PS1 supplies the main reducing agent to fix CO 2 into carbohydrate.! These subsequent reactions occur by ordinary thermal chemistry! The overall Calvin-Benson cycle can be summarised by: + [ CH 2O] + 2NADP + 3ADP + H O Pi + CO + NADPH + 3ATP + 2H ADP and ATP (adenosine di- and tri-phosphate) P i inorganic phosphate Overall result [ CH 2O] H2O( ) CO + H O + photons O + + 2( g) 2 2 ( l) 2( g) ( aq) l This reaction will require the absorption of at least 8 photons. However the difference in the enthalpy between products and reactants is 4.8eV per atom of C. The full ΔH of the resulting reaction is then ΔH=460kJ per mole of C Renewable sources 11

12 How can the carbohydrate be used?! Cellular respiration! Aerobic respiration: process taking place in a cell to get biochemical energy from fuel molecules! This is more or less the reverse reaction than what we have seen with photosynthesis! Ex: oxidation of glucose simplified equation! Combustion O + C H O 6CO + 6H O + ΔH = 2880kJ! The general denomination for photosynthesis products is biomass (+O 2 )! Biomass can then be used for combustion in various forms Note: While combustion requires temperatures of ~ 400C, respiration proceeds by catalytic enzyme reactions at ~ 20C Renewable sources 12

13 Biomass and Biofuels! Biomass is then largely composed of organic material and water! It has then the potential of releasing 460kJ per mole of C! Many other products can be extracted from biomass Renewable sources 13

14 Conclusion on biomass! Biomass provides about 12% of the world energy consumption! Main domestic use is biofuel combustion (wood )! Industrial use is fairly small still Ex: generation of electricity in the USA : 2% from biofuels! Renewable clean energy?! Works if growth must at least be equal to use In this case CO 2 emission is balanced with use through photosynthesis The energy from biomass is then carbon neutral! By replacing fossil fuel (which are not carbon neutral) by biomass we could have a medium long term solution for reducing greenhouse gas emission! However land for culture is limited! Quantity will then be limited! Competition with food production Might not be an issue for countries over-producing food (Europe, USA ) Could be a problem for other countries (ref to 2007 protests against food price increase)! Biodiesel and bio-ethanol are more expensive to produce than from fossil fuels! Could be compensated by tax reduction! Can be produced locally : reduce transport costs! Optimised combustion can reduce CO and CH 4 emission to a minimum Renewable sources 14

15 Summary for Biomass! Results from Photosynthesis! Creation of carbohydrates from H 2 O + CO 2 + Photons! Endothermic reaction ΔH=460kJ per mole of C! 2 consecutive processes 1 st : Light dependent reactions: photosynthetic reactions 2 nd : Light independent reactions: Calvin-Benson cycle! Biomass can be considered as a storage of potential energy! Can be considered as renewable! If consumption = production! Can be considered carbon neutral (with some caveats)! It is potentially a very large source of energy! But has also its disadvantages (see conclusion) Renewable sources 15

16 References! Most of the material of this lecture is coming from! Ref4: Renewable energy resources, J. Twidell and T. Weir, second edition, 2006 Renewable sources 16

Cellular Energy. 1. Photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following?

Cellular Energy. 1. Photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following? Cellular Energy 1. Photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following? A. plants, but not animals B. animals, but not plants C. bacteria, but neither animals nor plants D. all living organisms 2.

More information

2. Which type of macromolecule contains high-energy bonds and is used for long-term energy storage?

2. Which type of macromolecule contains high-energy bonds and is used for long-term energy storage? Energy Transport Study Island 1. During the process of photosynthesis, plants use energy from the Sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. These products are, in turn, used by the

More information

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration. Stored Energy

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration. Stored Energy Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Stored Energy What is Photosynthesis? plants convert the energy of sunlight into the energy in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates sugars and starches. SUMMARY EQUATION:

More information

pathway that involves taking in heat from the environment at each step. C.

pathway that involves taking in heat from the environment at each step. C. Study Island Cell Energy Keystone Review 1. Cells obtain energy by either capturing light energy through photosynthesis or by breaking down carbohydrates through cellular respiration. In both photosynthesis

More information

* Is chemical energy potential or kinetic energy? The position of what is storing energy?

* Is chemical energy potential or kinetic energy? The position of what is storing energy? Biology 1406 Exam 2 - Metabolism Chs. 5, 6 and 7 energy - capacity to do work 5.10 kinetic energy - energy of motion : light, electrical, thermal, mechanical potential energy - energy of position or stored

More information

1. f. Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.

1. f. Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide. 1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism s cells. As a basis for understanding this concept: 1.

More information

Green pigment that absorbs solar energy and is important in photosynthesis

Green pigment that absorbs solar energy and is important in photosynthesis PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW SHEET FOR TEST Part A: Match the terms below with the correct description Chlorophyll Chloroplast Electromagnetic spectrum Electron transport chain Grana Light-dependant reactions

More information

Photosynthesis Reactions. Photosynthesis Reactions

Photosynthesis Reactions. Photosynthesis Reactions Photosynthesis Reactions Photosynthesis occurs in two stages linked by ATP and NADPH NADPH is similar to NADH seen in mitochondria; it is an electron/hydrogen carrier The complete process of photosynthesis

More information

Review Questions Photosynthesis

Review Questions Photosynthesis Review Questions Photosynthesis 1. Describe a metabolic pathway. In a factory, labor is divided into small individual jobs. A carmaker, for example, will have one worker install the front windshield, another

More information

Photosynthesis (Life from Light)

Photosynthesis (Life from Light) Photosynthesis Photosynthesis (Life from Light) Energy needs of life All life needs a constant input of energy o Heterotrophs (consumers) Animals, fungi, most bacteria Get their energy from other organisms

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Most components of energy conversion systems evolved very early; thus, the most fundamental aspects of energy metabolism tend to be: A. quite different among a diverse group

More information

Unit 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Unit 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Unit 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Advanced Concepts What is the abbreviated name of this molecule? What is its purpose? What are the three parts of this molecule? Label each part with the

More information

Equation for Photosynthesis

Equation for Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Definition The process by which cells harvest light energy to make sugars (glucose). -Sugar is used to power the process of cellular respiration, which produces the ATP that cells utilize

More information

Photosynthesis-Review. Pigments. Chloroplasts. Chloroplasts 5. Pigments are located in the thylakoid membranes. An Overview of Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis-Review. Pigments. Chloroplasts. Chloroplasts 5. Pigments are located in the thylakoid membranes. An Overview of Photosynthesis An Overview of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis-Review 1. Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy sugars and oxygen. 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 +

More information

PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION reflect Wind turbines shown in the photo on the right are large structures with blades that move in response to air movement. When the wind blows, the blades rotate. This motion generates energy that is

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC 3 ENERGY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS

SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC 3 ENERGY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC 3 ENERGY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS Rearranging atoms. In a chemical reaction, bonds between atoms in one or more molecules (reactants) break and new bonds are formed with other atoms to

More information

Name Date Class. energy phosphate adenine charged ATP chemical bonds work ribose

Name Date Class. energy phosphate adenine charged ATP chemical bonds work ribose Energy in a Cell Reinforcement and Study Guide Section.1 The Need for Energy In your textbook, read about cell energy. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. energy phosphate adenine

More information

Lecture 7 Outline (Ch. 10)

Lecture 7 Outline (Ch. 10) Lecture 7 Outline (Ch. 10) I. Photosynthesis overview A. Purpose B. Location II. The light vs. the dark reaction III. Chloroplasts pigments A. Light absorption B. Types IV. Light reactions A. Photosystems

More information

1. Enzymes. Biochemical Reactions. Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism. 1. Enzymes. 2. ATP Production. 3. Autotrophic Processes

1. Enzymes. Biochemical Reactions. Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism. 1. Enzymes. 2. ATP Production. 3. Autotrophic Processes Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism 1. Enzymes 2. ATP Production 3. Autotrophic Processes 1. Enzymes Biochemical Reactions All living cells depend on biochemical reactions to maintain homeostasis. All of the

More information

MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE

MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE 1 MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE 1. The volume of a given mass of water at a temperature of T 1 is V 1. The volume increases to V 2 at temperature T 2. The coefficient of volume expansion of water may be calculated

More information

Summary of Metabolism. Mechanism of Enzyme Action

Summary of Metabolism. Mechanism of Enzyme Action Summary of Metabolism Mechanism of Enzyme Action 1. The substrate contacts the active site 2. The enzyme-substrate complex is formed. 3. The substrate molecule is altered (atoms are rearranged, or the

More information

Photosynthesis P P P. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs (page 201) Chemical Energy and ATP (pages 202 203) Chapter 8. Name Class Date

Photosynthesis P P P. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs (page 201) Chemical Energy and ATP (pages 202 203) Chapter 8. Name Class Date Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Section 8 1 Energy and Life (pages 201 203) This section explains where plants get the energy they need to produce food. It also describes the role of the chemical compound ATP

More information

-Loss of energy -Loss of hydrogen from carbons. -Gain of energy -Gain of hydrogen to carbons

-Loss of energy -Loss of hydrogen from carbons. -Gain of energy -Gain of hydrogen to carbons Cellular Respiration- Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 +6H20 and energy -The energy is released from the chemical bonds in the complex organic molecules -The catabolic process of releasing energy from food

More information

Photosynthesis Practice. 2. Chlorophyll a and b absorb _B -_V and _R wavelengths of light best.

Photosynthesis Practice. 2. Chlorophyll a and b absorb _B -_V and _R wavelengths of light best. Photosynthesis Practice Fill in the blanks. Name Date Period 1. Molecules that collect light energy are called _P. 2. Chlorophyll a and b absorb _B -_V and _R wavelengths of light best. 3. _C is the main

More information

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. The general equation describing photosynthesis is light + 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. The general equation describing photosynthesis is light + 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis is the process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy whereby carbon dioxide and water are converted into organic molecules. The process occurs in most algae,

More information

Bioenergetics Module A Anchor 3

Bioenergetics Module A Anchor 3 Bioenergetics Module A Anchor 3 Key Concepts: - ATP can easily release and store energy by breaking and re-forming the bonds between its phosphate groups. This characteristic of ATP makes it exceptionally

More information

Sustainable Energy Sources By: Sue Peterson

Sustainable Energy Sources By: Sue Peterson www.k5learning.com Objective sight words (consumption, terrain, integral, orbit, originated, contemporary, remote); concepts (sustainable, renewable, photovoltaics, gasification) Vocabulary consumption

More information

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. Az Agrármérnöki MSc szak tananyagfejlesztése TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0010

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. Az Agrármérnöki MSc szak tananyagfejlesztése TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0010 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Az Agrármérnöki MSc szak tananyagfejlesztése TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0010 The light reactions of the photosynthesis Photosynthesis inhibiting herbicides Overview 1. Photosynthesis, general

More information

Topic 3: Nutrition, Photosynthesis, and Respiration

Topic 3: Nutrition, Photosynthesis, and Respiration 1. Base your answer to the following question on the chemical reaction represented below and on your knowledge of biology. If this reaction takes place in an organism that requires sunlight to produce

More information

Chapter 8: Energy and Metabolism

Chapter 8: Energy and Metabolism Chapter 8: Energy and Metabolism 1. Discuss energy conversions and the 1 st and 2 nd law of thermodynamics. Be sure to use the terms work, potential energy, kinetic energy, and entropy. 2. What are Joules

More information

Biology 20 Cellular Respiration Review NG Know the process of Cellular Respiration (use this picture if it helps):

Biology 20 Cellular Respiration Review NG Know the process of Cellular Respiration (use this picture if it helps): Biology 20 Cellular Respiration Review NG Know the process of Cellular Respiration (use this picture if it helps): 1) How many ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule used in fermentation?

More information

Photosynthesis January 23 Feb 1, 2013 WARM-UP JAN 23/24. Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 1

Photosynthesis January 23 Feb 1, 2013 WARM-UP JAN 23/24. Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 1 WARM-UP JAN 23/24 Mr. Stephens, IB Biology III 1 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration What is the connection between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration? Energy Production Inorganic Molecules Specialized

More information

SOME Important Points About Cellular Energetics by Dr. Ty C.M. Hoffman

SOME Important Points About Cellular Energetics by Dr. Ty C.M. Hoffman SOME Important Points About Cellular Energetics by Dr. Ty C.M. Hoffman An Introduction to Metabolism Most biochemical processes occur as biochemical pathways, each individual reaction of which is catalyzed

More information

Photosynthesis Part I: Overview & The Light-Dependent Reactions

Photosynthesis Part I: Overview & The Light-Dependent Reactions Photosynthesis Part I: Overview & The Light-Dependent Reactions Photosynthesis: The BIG Picture Photosynthesis is the process by which PHOTOAUTOTROPHS convert the energy in SUNLIGHT into the energy stored

More information

Cellular Energy: ATP & Enzymes. What is it? Where do organism s get it? How do they use it?

Cellular Energy: ATP & Enzymes. What is it? Where do organism s get it? How do they use it? Cellular Energy: ATP & Enzymes What is it? Where do organism s get it? How do they use it? Where does Energy come from? Ultimately, from the sun. It is transferred between organisms in the earth s lithosphere,

More information

8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis Slide 1 of 51

8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis Slide 1 of 51 8-3 The of Photosynthesis 1 of 51 Inside a Chloroplast Inside a Chloroplast In plants, photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts. Plant Chloroplast Plant cells 2 of 51 Inside a Chloroplast Chloroplasts

More information

CHAPTER 6: PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAPTURING & CONVERTING ENERGY

CHAPTER 6: PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAPTURING & CONVERTING ENERGY CHAPTER 6: PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAPTURING & CONVERTING ENERGY 2 PROCESSES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis is actually 2 processes: light reactions - convert solar energy (sunlight) to chemical energy (ATP &

More information

Jan Baptisa van Helmont (1648)

Jan Baptisa van Helmont (1648) Instructions To help you navigate these slides, you should set your viewer to display thumbnails of these slides. On many viewers, this can be done by pressing the F4 key. The slides should be viewed in

More information

AP Bio Photosynthesis & Respiration

AP Bio Photosynthesis & Respiration AP Bio Photosynthesis & Respiration Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What is the term used for the metabolic pathway in which

More information

Biology I. Chapter 8/9

Biology I. Chapter 8/9 Biology I Chapter 8/9 NOTEBOOK #1 Interest Grabber Suppose you earned extra money by having a part-time job. At first, you might be tempted to spend all of the money, but then you decide to open a bank

More information

1. Nuclear - In YOUR OWN WORDS (not your partner s words) explain how this energy source works.

1. Nuclear - In YOUR OWN WORDS (not your partner s words) explain how this energy source works. ENERGY RESOURCES ACTIVITY Integrated Science 4 Name: Date: Period: Directions: In groups, you will be going from station to station answering questions about differing energy resource. Each individual

More information

Cellular Respiration: Practice Questions #1

Cellular Respiration: Practice Questions #1 Cellular Respiration: Practice Questions #1 1. Which statement best describes one of the events taking place in the chemical reaction? A. Energy is being stored as a result of aerobic respiration. B. Fermentation

More information

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Name: KEY Period: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Plant cells and some Algae contain an organelle called the chloroplast. The chloroplast allows plants to harvest energy from sunlight to carry on a process

More information

VII. NARRATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS: TRANSFORMING LIGHT TO LIFE

VII. NARRATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS: TRANSFORMING LIGHT TO LIFE 7. Why do leaves turn color in the fall? 8. How are photosystems I and II different? How are they related? 9. What is the source of energy for dark reactions? 10. Describe the C3 cycle. 11. What is the

More information

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Two Forms of Energy

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Two Forms of Energy Module 2D - Energy and Metabolism Objective # 19 All living organisms require energy for survival. In this module we will examine some general principles about chemical reactions and energy usage within

More information

Ch. 4 ATP & Photosynthesis

Ch. 4 ATP & Photosynthesis Name: Biology G Vocabulary Section 4.1 Ch. 4 ATP & Photosynthesis Period: ADP Adenosine Diphosphate ATP Adenosine Triphosphate Chemosynthesis Vocabulary Section 4.2 Photosynthesis Chlorophyll Thylakoid

More information

Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2. An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO 2

Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2. An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO 2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce organic macromolecules (glucose). photons SUN

More information

Which of the following can be determined based on this model? The atmosphere is the only reservoir on Earth that can store carbon in any form. A.

Which of the following can be determined based on this model? The atmosphere is the only reservoir on Earth that can store carbon in any form. A. Earth s Cycles 1. Models are often used to explain scientific knowledge or experimental results. A model of the carbon cycle is shown below. Which of the following can be determined based on this model?

More information

Evolution of Metabolism. Introduction. Introduction. Introduction. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7 & 8

Evolution of Metabolism. Introduction. Introduction. Introduction. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7 & 8 How ells Harvest Energy hapter 7 & 8 Evolution of Metabolism A hypothetical timeline for the evolution of metabolism - all in prokaryotic cells!: 1. ability to store chemical energy in ATP 2. evolution

More information

REVIEW UNIT 3: METABOLISM (RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS) SAMPLE QUESTIONS

REVIEW UNIT 3: METABOLISM (RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS) SAMPLE QUESTIONS Period Date REVIEW UNIT 3: METABOLISM (RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS) SAMPLE QUESTIONS A. Sample Multiple Choice Questions Complete the multiple choice questions to review this unit. 1. The carbon that

More information

Photosynthesis. Name. Light reactions Calvin cycle Oxidation Reduction Electronegativity Photosystem Electron carrier NADP+ Concentration gradient

Photosynthesis. Name. Light reactions Calvin cycle Oxidation Reduction Electronegativity Photosystem Electron carrier NADP+ Concentration gradient Vocabulary Terms Photoautotroph Chemoautotroph Electromagnetic spectrum Wavelength Chloroplast Thylakoid Stroma Chlorophyll Absorption spectrum Photosynthesis Light reactions Calvin cycle Oxidation Reduction

More information

Chapter 4. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheets. 63 www.ck12.org

Chapter 4. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheets. 63 www.ck12.org Chapter 4 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheets (Opening image copyright by Derek Ramsey, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:monarch_butterfly_ Danaus_plexippus_Feeding_Down_3008px.jpg, and

More information

ATP & Photosynthesis Honors Biology

ATP & Photosynthesis Honors Biology ATP & Photosynthesis Honors Biology ATP All cells need for life. Some things we use energy for are: Moving Thinking Sleeping Breathing Growing Reproducing ENERGY Labeled Sketch: The principal chemical

More information

Do-Now. 1.) Get out notebook.

Do-Now. 1.) Get out notebook. Do-Now 1.) Get out notebook. 2.) Answer the following questions on the first clean sheet in your notebook. 1.) What are renewable resources? 2.) What are nonrenewable resources? Alternative Sources of

More information

Keystone Review Practice Test Module A Cells and Cell Processes. 1. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Keystone Review Practice Test Module A Cells and Cell Processes. 1. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Keystone Review Practice Test Module A Cells and Cell Processes 1. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a. Ability to store hereditary information b. Use of organelles to control

More information

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds. Starch molecule Glucose molecule The chemical

More information

Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Pros:

Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Pros: P a g e 1 Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Generating Electrical Energy Using Moving Water: Hydro-Electric Generation

More information

Photosynthesis: Harvesting Light Energy

Photosynthesis: Harvesting Light Energy Photosynthesis: Harvesting Light Energy Importance of Photosynthesis A. Ultimate source of energy for all life on Earth 1. All producers are photosynthesizers 2. All consumers and decomposers are dependent

More information

> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Photosynthesis- is the process that converts light energy into chemical energy. This chemical energy is usually a carbohydrate. Only photoautrotrops can do photosynthesis. Heterotrophs must obtain their

More information

Name Date Period PHOTOSYNTHESIS HW REVIEW ENERGY AND LIFE

Name Date Period PHOTOSYNTHESIS HW REVIEW ENERGY AND LIFE 1 Name Date Period PHOTOSYNTHESIS HW REVIEW ENERGY AND LIFE MULTIPLE CHOICE: CIRCLE ALL THE ANSWERS THAT ARE TRUE. THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE CORRECT ANSWER! 1. Which molecule stores more than 90 times

More information

Biology for Science Majors

Biology for Science Majors Biology for Science Majors Lab 10 AP BIOLOGY Concepts covered Respirometers Metabolism Glycolysis Respiration Anaerobic vs. aerobic respiration Fermentation Lab 5: Cellular Respiration ATP is the energy

More information

12.5: Generating Current Electricity pg. 518

12.5: Generating Current Electricity pg. 518 12.5: Generating Current Electricity pg. 518 Key Concepts: 1. Electrical energy is produced by energy transformations. 2. Electrical energy is produced from renewable and non-renewable resources. 4. Electrical

More information

Photosynthesis and Light in the Ocean Adapted from The Fluid Earth / Living Ocean Heather Spalding, UH GK-12 program

Photosynthesis and Light in the Ocean Adapted from The Fluid Earth / Living Ocean Heather Spalding, UH GK-12 program Photosynthesis and Light in the Ocean Adapted from The Fluid Earth / Living Ocean Heather Spalding, UH GK-12 program Algae, like your Halimeda, and plants live in very different environments, but they

More information

Biology. Slide 1of 51. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1of 51. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1of 51 8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis 2of 51 Inside a Chloroplast Inside a Chloroplast In plants, photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts. Plant Chloroplast Plant cells 3of 51 Inside

More information

Like The Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis: Energy from Sunlight What Is Photosynthesis?

Like The Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis: Energy from Sunlight What Is Photosynthesis? Like The Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis: Energy from Sunlight What Is Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis: synthesis from light The broad outline: Plants take in CO 2 and release water and O 2 Light is required

More information

Chapter 10: Photosynthesis

Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Name Period Chapter 10: Photosynthesis This chapter is as challenging as the one you just finished on cellular respiration. However, conceptually it will be a little easier because the concepts learned

More information

Question. Which of the following are necessary in order for photosynthesis to occur? A. water B. light energy C. carbon dioxide D.

Question. Which of the following are necessary in order for photosynthesis to occur? A. water B. light energy C. carbon dioxide D. Photosynthesis is the process through which plants convert light energy to chemical energy in order to produce food The energy involved in photosynthesis is eventually stored in the chemical bonds of molecules

More information

Introductory Chemistry, 3 rd Edition Nivaldo Tro. Roy Kennedy Massachusetts Bay Community College Wellesley Hills, Maqqwertd ygoijpk[l

Introductory Chemistry, 3 rd Edition Nivaldo Tro. Roy Kennedy Massachusetts Bay Community College Wellesley Hills, Maqqwertd ygoijpk[l Introductory Chemistry, 3 rd Edition Nivaldo Tro Quantities in Car an octane and oxygen molecules and carbon dioxide and water Chemical Reactions Roy Kennedy Massachusetts Bay Community College Wellesley

More information

Consider How can you collect solar energy for use in your school? What are other alternatives?

Consider How can you collect solar energy for use in your school? What are other alternatives? 5 a 5 Energy Sources a - Energy from the sun Purpose To explore sourcing our energy from the sun Key concepts Solar energy is a natural and renewable resource Heat energy from the sun can be used to heat

More information

The correct answer is d C. Answer c is incorrect. Reliance on the energy produced by others is a characteristic of heterotrophs.

The correct answer is d C. Answer c is incorrect. Reliance on the energy produced by others is a characteristic of heterotrophs. 1. An autotroph is an organism that a. extracts energy from organic sources b. converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy c. relies on the energy produced by other organisms as an energy source

More information

ANALYZING ENERGY. Time and Student Grouping Energy Source Analysis and Consequence Wheel: One class period. Grade Levels: 6-12

ANALYZING ENERGY. Time and Student Grouping Energy Source Analysis and Consequence Wheel: One class period. Grade Levels: 6-12 ANALYZING ENERGY Lesson Concepts: Students will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of nine different energy sources. They will use their knowledge to predict what would happen if the world did not

More information

Biology Slide 1 of 51

Biology Slide 1 of 51 Biology 1 of 51 8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis 2 of 51 Inside a Chloroplast 1. In plants, photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts. Plant Chloroplast Plant cells 3 of 51 Inside a Chloroplast

More information

Renewable vs. non-renewable energy sources, forms and technologies prepared by. A.Gritsevskyi, IAEA

Renewable vs. non-renewable energy sources, forms and technologies prepared by. A.Gritsevskyi, IAEA Renewable vs. non-renewable energy sources, forms and technologies prepared by. A.Gritsevskyi, IAEA Objective of this paper is to provide International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES) with

More information

2. 1. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule? (100 points)

2. 1. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule? (100 points) Photosynthesis Date Created: 12/8/14, 11:22:50 AM Questions: 34 Date Modified: 12/17/14, 8:27:08 AM 1. ATP & Photosynthesis Review Game 30 Multiple Choice Questions Final Question Correct Answers = +$100

More information

Chapter 9 Review Worksheet Cellular Respiration

Chapter 9 Review Worksheet Cellular Respiration 1 of 5 11/9/2011 8:11 PM Name: Hour: Chapter 9 Review Worksheet Cellular Respiration Energy in General 1. Differentiate an autotroph from a hetertroph as it relates to obtaining energy and the processes

More information

Indiana's Academic Standards 2010 ICP Indiana's Academic Standards 2016 ICP. map) that describe the relationship acceleration, velocity and distance.

Indiana's Academic Standards 2010 ICP Indiana's Academic Standards 2016 ICP. map) that describe the relationship acceleration, velocity and distance. .1.1 Measure the motion of objects to understand.1.1 Develop graphical, the relationships among distance, velocity and mathematical, and pictorial acceleration. Develop deeper understanding through representations

More information

Anabolic and Catabolic Reactions are Linked by ATP in Living Organisms

Anabolic and Catabolic Reactions are Linked by ATP in Living Organisms Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism Microbial Metabolism Metabolism refers to all chemical reactions that occur within a living a living organism. These chemical reactions are generally of two types: Catabolic:

More information

5-Minute Refresher: RENEWABLE ENERGY

5-Minute Refresher: RENEWABLE ENERGY 5-Minute Refresher: RENEWABLE ENERGY Renewable Energy Key Ideas Renewable energy is a source of energy that can be used and replenished naturally in a relatively short period of time. Non renewable energy

More information

Composition of the Atmosphere. Outline Atmospheric Composition Nitrogen and Oxygen Lightning Homework

Composition of the Atmosphere. Outline Atmospheric Composition Nitrogen and Oxygen Lightning Homework Molecules of the Atmosphere The present atmosphere consists mainly of molecular nitrogen (N2) and molecular oxygen (O2) but it has dramatically changed in composition from the beginning of the solar system.

More information

Florida Department of Education Student Performance Standards

Florida Department of Education Student Performance Standards Florida Department of Education Student Performance Standards 2015 2016 Course Title: Fundamentals of Energy Course Number: 9790300 Course Length: One Year Course Description: The purpose of this course

More information

4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis

4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis KEY CONCEPT The overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy. Radiant Energy Chemical Energy A. Organisms are classified according to how they obtain energy. 1. Autotroph/Producers

More information

The first law: transformation of energy into heat and work. Chemical reactions can be used to provide heat and for doing work.

The first law: transformation of energy into heat and work. Chemical reactions can be used to provide heat and for doing work. The first law: transformation of energy into heat and work Chemical reactions can be used to provide heat and for doing work. Compare fuel value of different compounds. What drives these reactions to proceed

More information

Module 7 Forms of energy generation

Module 7 Forms of energy generation INTRODUCTION In rich countries like Australia, our standard of living is dependent on easily available energy. Every time you catch a bus, turn on a light or watch television energy is being used up. Over

More information

Photosynthesis Chapter 8 E N E R G Y T O M A K E F O O D?

Photosynthesis Chapter 8 E N E R G Y T O M A K E F O O D? Photosynthesis Chapter 8 H O W D O E S T H E P L A N T U S E T H E S U N S E N E R G Y T O M A K E F O O D? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pe82qtkssh4 Autotroph vs. Heterotroph Autotrophs/Producers-organisms

More information

Issue paper: Definition of primary and secondary energy

Issue paper: Definition of primary and secondary energy Issue paper: Definition of primary and secondary energy Prepared as input to Chapter 3: Standard International Energy Classification (SIEC) in the International Recommendation on Energy Statistics (IRES)

More information

Metabolism Poster Questions

Metabolism Poster Questions Metabolism Poster Questions Answer the following questions concerning respiration. 1. Consider the mitochondrial electron transport chain. a. How many hydrogen ions can be pumped for every NADH? b. How

More information

Chapter 2. The Chemistry of Life Worksheets

Chapter 2. The Chemistry of Life Worksheets Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Worksheets (Opening image courtesy of David Iberri, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:camkii.png, and under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-SA 3.0.) Lesson 2.1: Matter

More information

Chapter 10. Photosynthesis

Chapter 10. Photosynthesis Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Lecture Outline Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Life on Earth is solar powered. The chloroplasts of plants use a process called photosynthesis to capture light

More information

Structure and Properties of Atoms

Structure and Properties of Atoms PS-2.1 Compare the subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons) of an atom with regard to mass, location, and charge, and explain how these particles affect the properties of an atom (including identity,

More information

Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis: Converting light energy into chemical energy. Photoautotrophs capture sunlight and convert it to chemical energy

Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis: Converting light energy into chemical energy. Photoautotrophs capture sunlight and convert it to chemical energy Photosynthesis: Converting light energy into chemical energy Photosynthesis 6 + 12H 2 O + light energy Summary Formula: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O 6 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Photosythesis provides

More information

Cellular Respiration Worksheet 1. 1. What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process? Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain.

Cellular Respiration Worksheet 1. 1. What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process? Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain. Cellular Respiration Worksheet 1 1. What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process? Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain. 2. Where in the cell does the glycolysis part of cellular

More information

Electron Transport Generates a Proton Gradient Across the Membrane

Electron Transport Generates a Proton Gradient Across the Membrane Electron Transport Generates a Proton Gradient Across the Membrane Each of respiratory enzyme complexes couples the energy released by electron transfer across it to an uptake of protons from water in

More information

Cellular Respiration An Overview

Cellular Respiration An Overview Why? Cellular Respiration An Overview What are the phases of cellular respiration? All cells need energy all the time, and their primary source of energy is ATP. The methods cells use to make ATP vary

More information

CELL/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ CELLULAR RESPIRATION Test 2011 ANSWER 250 POINTS ANY WAY IN WHICH YOU WANT

CELL/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ CELLULAR RESPIRATION Test 2011 ANSWER 250 POINTS ANY WAY IN WHICH YOU WANT CELL/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ CELLULAR RESPIRATION Test 2011 ANSWER 250 POINTS ANY WAY IN WHICH YOU WANT Completion: complete each statement. (1 point each) 1. All cells arise from. 2. The basic unit of structure

More information

Harvesting energy with fertilizers

Harvesting energy with fertilizers Harvesting energy with fertilizers Sustainable agriculture in Europe 1 Harvesting energy with fertilizers The reason for agriculture s existence is to supply energy to mankind. Agriculture converts solar

More information

BCOR 011 Exam 2, 2004

BCOR 011 Exam 2, 2004 BCOR 011 Exam 2, 2004 Name: Section: MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. According to the first law of thermodynamics, A. the universe

More information

The impact Equation where scientists and engineers fit in the picture

The impact Equation where scientists and engineers fit in the picture The impact Equation where scientists and engineers fit in the picture In a series of papers in 1970-74, Paul Ehrlich and John Holdren proposed the following equation to estimate the overall impact of our

More information

Chem 1A Exam 2 Review Problems

Chem 1A Exam 2 Review Problems Chem 1A Exam 2 Review Problems 1. At 0.967 atm, the height of mercury in a barometer is 0.735 m. If the mercury were replaced with water, what height of water (in meters) would be supported at this pressure?

More information

Chapter 13 Quiz. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Chapter 13 Quiz. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Chapter 13 Quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is the correct type of energy utilized to produce tidal power? a.

More information

2. What kind of energy is stored in food? A. chemical energy B. heat energy C. kinetic energy D. light energy

2. What kind of energy is stored in food? A. chemical energy B. heat energy C. kinetic energy D. light energy Assessment Bank Matter and Energy in Living Things SC.8.L.18.4 1. What is energy? A. anything that takes up space B. anything that has mass C. the ability to conduct current D. the ability to do work 2.

More information