Mark Schem e (Results) Sum m er GCE Business Studies (6BS02) Paper 01

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1 Mark Schem e (Results) Sum m er 2012 GCE Business Studies (6BS02) Paper 01

2 Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications com e from Pearson, the world s leading learning com pany. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academ ic, vocational, occupational and specific program m es for em ployers. For further inform ation, please visit our website at Our website subject pages hold useful resources, support m aterial and live feeds from our subject advisors giving you access to a portal of inform ation. I f you have any subject specific questions about this specification that require the help of a subject specialist, you m ay find our Ask The Expert em ail service helpful. Pearson: helping people progress, everyw here Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our com m itm ent to high standards and raising achievem ent through innovation in education. Find out m ore about how we can help you and your students at: / uk Sum m er 2012 Publications Code US All the m aterial in this publication is copyright Pearson Education Ltd 2012

3 General Marking Guidance All candidates m ust receive the sam e treatm ent. Exam iners m ust m ark the first candidate in exactly the sam e way as they m ark the last. Mark schem es should be applied positively. Candidates m ust be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for om issions. Exam iners should m ark according to the m ark schem e not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries m ay lie. There is no ceiling on achievem ent. All m arks on the m ark schem e should be used appropriately. All the m arks on the m ark schem e are designed to be awarded. Exam iners should always award full m arks if deserved, i.e. if the answer m atches the m ark schem e. Exam iners should also be prepared to award zero m arks if the candidate s response is not worthy of credit according to the m ark schem e. Where som e judgem ent is required, m ark schem es will provide the principles by which m arks will be awarded and exem plification m ay be lim ited. When exam iners are in doubt regarding the application of the m ark schem e to a candidate s response, the team leader m ust be consulted. Crossed out work should be m arked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.

4 GCE Business Studies Unit 6 BS0 2 Mark Schem e Sum m er Question Answ er 1 ( a) B 1 1 ( b) Definition of retail business/ advertising cam paign/ sales/ m ass m arketing (1 m ark) I t is a m ass m arket because John Lewis s cam paign is aim ed at fem ales/ wom en(1 m ark) TV advertising is rarely targeted at niche m arkets but is a m ass m arketing m edium (even regional stations have audiences of m illions) (1 m ark) 3 NB Specific reference to everywom an or infancy to old age m ay enhance the answer. Up to tw o of the m arks above can be achieved alternatively by explaining distracters, e.g. A - Niche m arketing would only target a sm all sub-set of the wider target m arket so would not use TV (1 m ark) Any acceptable answ er w hich show s selective know ledge/ application and/ or developm ent NB Maxim um of 2 additional m arks for reason if part ( a) is incorrect or if only the w rong answ ers are focused on in the explanation. Question Answ er 2 ( a) A 1 2 ( b) Definition of efficiency / total output (1 m ark) Efficiency is increased as staff m ove from a five day week to a four day week as the sam e/ m ore output m ay be produced over fewer days (1 m ark) Moving to a 4 day week is an im provem ent in working conditions/ a m otivator, which m ay increase output(1 m ark) 3 Up to tw o of the m arks above can be achieved alternatively by explaining distracters, e.g. Unit/ average costs should fall, not rise, given that this is a m easure of im provem ent in efficiency.

5 Any acceptable answ er w hich show s selective know ledge/ application and/ or developm ent NB Maxim um of 2 additional m arks for reason if part ( a) is incorrect or if only the w rong answ ers are focused on in the explanation. Question Answ er 3 ( a) D 1 3 ( b) Definition or description of recession/ trade/ m arket conditions (1 m ark) During a recession consum ers are likely to spend less (and save m ore) because disposable incom es m ay fall/ consum ers m ay be m ore cautious (1 m ark). Rather than buy new shoes they are m ore likely to seek repairs to existing footwear as it is cheaper (1m ). which m ight therefore lead to an increase in trade for a shoe repairer (1 m ark) 3 Up to tw o of the m arks above can be achieved alternatively by explaining distracters, e.g. Poor m anagem ent of cash flow will dam age the level of trade not im prove it (1 m ark) Any acceptable answ er w hich show s selective know ledge/ application and/ or developm ent NB Maxim um of 2 additional m arks for reason if part ( a) is incorrect or if only the w rong answ ers are focused on in the explanation. Question Answ er 4 ( a) B 1 4 ( b) Definition of m anufacturing/ expanding m arket/ econom ic m anufacture (1 m ark) Econom ic m anufacture is part of the design m ix together with aesthetics and function (1 m ark) A pool of highly skilled m anufacturing workers im plies that labour is readily available (1 m ark) Which m ay lead to a reduction in labour costs 3

6 (1 m ark) Econom ic m anufacture (when a product/ service is able to generate a profit) will becom e m ore likely as a firm m oves towards full capacity - (1 m ark) This is m ore likely when the m arket expands (1 m ark) Up to tw o of the m arks above can be achieved alternatively by explaining distracters, e.g. Design m ix will not be affected as the m arket expands as this will have been predeterm ined (1 m ark) Any acceptable answ er w hich show s selective know ledge/ application and/ or developm ent NB Maxim um of 2 additional m arks for reason if part ( a) is incorrect or if only the w rong answ ers are focused on in the explanation. Question Answ er 5 ( a) C 1 5 ( b) Definition of cash flow forecast (1 m ark) Sales paym ents = net cash flow (1 m ark) 11,500-5,400 = 6,100 positive (1 m ark) Projected cash flow is increasing m aking this figure a positive one (1 m ark) 3 Up to tw o of the m arks above can be achieved alternatively by explaining distracters, e.g. I t is not 6,100 negative because sales is greater than paym ents (1 m ark) Any acceptable answ er w hich show s selective know ledge/ application and/ or developm ent NB Maxim um of 2 additional m arks if calculations correct but part ( a) is incorrect or if only the w rong answ ers are focused on in the explanation.

7 Question Answ er 6 ( a) B 1 6 ( b) Definition of budgets/ receipts/ paym ents (1 m ark) Rent is an exam ple of an overhead/ fixed cost (1 m ark) so is therefore more likely to be known in advance because it does not change in the short term / be m ore predictable as a result (1 m ark) 3 Up to tw o of the m arks above can be achieved alternatively by explaining distracters, e.g. Prices of m aterials m ay vary at short notice because m arket conditions do change (1 m ark) Any acceptable answ er w hich show s selective know ledge/ application and/ or developm ent NB Maxim um of 2 additional m arks for reason if part ( a) is incorrect or if only the w rong answ ers are focused on in the explanation. Question Answ er 7 Know ledge: 1 m ark for identifying what is m eant by good relationships with suppliers or why they m ight be im portant, e.g. supplies can be relied upon 4 Application: 1 m ark for a contextual response, e.g. recognition of the im portance of perishable goods to Nando s Analysis: Up to 2 m arks for explaining links or consequences, e.g. a break down in relationships between Nando s and their suppliers m ay delay delivery (1 m ark) which could disrupt production/ dam age Nando s reputation (1 m ark)

8 Question Answ er 8 Know ledge: Up to 2 m arks for outlining the principles behind Herzberg s 2-factor theory, e.g. hygiene and m otivation factors 4 Application: up to 2 m arks for linking evidence of Nando s hum an resource policy, e.g. offer flexible working hours = hygiene factor (1 m ark); Nando s want staff to be happy and work as a team = m otivator (1 m ark) Question Answ er 9 Knowledge (1) Application (1) Analysis (2) x 2 8 Know ledge: 1 m ark for identifying a reason, e.g. transient nature of em ployees, leave for better job, age. Alternatively a m ark can be given for a good definition/ understanding of the concept labour turnover. This may include the formula instead of the definition. Application: 1 m ark for using the evidence, e.g. Paulo m ay return to Portugal Analysis: Up to 2 m arks for explaining the above, e.g. if the average age of em ployees is low, this suggesting that the job m ay be thought of as an interim one (1 m ark) for exam ple students, staying in an area for a relatively short period of tim e, m ay only be seeking casual em ploym ent (1 m ark) OR The training given m ay, paradoxically, lead em ployees to seek better opportunities elsewhere (1) once they are m ore confident/ m ore skilled as a result (1). N.B. 1 m ark for an attem pt at analysis; 2 m arks for developed analysis

9 Question 1 0 Level Mark Descriptor Possible Content Available for knowledge such as identifying what is m eant by training Available for contextualising the response by referring to training, : 8 e.g. the acquisition of skills and knowledge/ staff developm ent e.g. Nando spent 425 per person 75 per cent of the total Nando s HR budget Available for considering causes/ reasons/ consequences to Nando s of spending this m oney on training NB Analysed NOT I N CONTEXT = 5 m arks; I N CONTEXT = 6 m arks Evaluation m ust be present i.e. the candidate m ust present argum ents for and against whether the staff training is effective in the context of Nando s NB Evaluates ONE side in context = 7 m arks; BOTH sides = 8 m arks e.g. Because training im proves the skill level, productivity and custom er service as a consequence is better e.g. recruitm ent m ight be easier because potential em ployees would be m ore likely to apply given the benefits of training such as higher pay or im proved job security e.g. I t depends on the nature or quality of the training d induction training im prove productivity if the trainees are learning about health and safety procedures? Does it focus on providing the skills required to im prove productivity; is 45 hours enough to provide the right skills? The effectiveness of training m ight also depend on the nature of the trainee

10 Questi on 1 1 Level Mar k Per fact or Descriptor 1 1 Available for knowledge such as identifying what is m eant by price elasticity of dem and or identifying factors which affect PED 2 2 Available for putting the answer into context by referring to Nando s 3 3 Available for analysing the consequences of PED to Nando s. NB need NOT be in context 4 4 Evaluation m ust be present, i.e. the candidate should present a balanced response NB MUST be in context on at least one side Possible Content : 8 e.g. PED form ula or definition such as a sensitivity of dem and to changes in price e.g. location of Nando s restaurants near rivals like KFC will m ake dem and m ore price elastic; providing fast food which is better quality will m ake dem and less price elastic e.g. this is because the availability of com petition will m ean that consum ers m ay com pare prices of chicken and be m ore tem pted by a cheaper option from KFC e.g. but if Nando s chicken is better than KFCs even though KFC is next door then consum ers are not going to be so influenced by KFC being close by so the PED m ay still be low

11 Question Question 12a* Evaluate how flexible working m ight affect Nando s, the business Level Mark Descriptor Possible Content 1 1 Knowledge m ust be present. Som e awareness of what is m eant by a flexible working environm ent. e.g. choosing when to work/ hours to suit QWC: To achieve a m ark of 1 the candidate will have struggled to use business term inology or write legibly with frequent errors in spg and/ or weak style and structure of writing Application m ust be present, i.e. the answer m ust be contextualised by referring to Nando s/ chain restaurant context Low Level 2 : 2 m arks Just a sim ple reference to a restaurant High Level 2 : 3 m arks A specific reference to Nando s QWC: To achieve a m ark of 2-3 the candidate will use som e business term s but the style of writing could be better / there will be som e errors in spg / the legibility of the text could have been better in places. 3 4 Analysis m ust be present, i.e. the candidate m ust give reasons/ causes/ consequences of a flexible working environm ent for Nando s NB does NOT have to be in context QWC: To achieve a m ark of 4 the candidate will use business term inology well/ style of writing is appropriate to the question/ reasonable to good e.g. Staff m ay be required to work a lunch tim e shift and then the late evening shift, when the restaurant is likely to be busy. e.g. More senior staff at the restaurant m ay have even m ore flexibility to work from hom e to do the bookkeeping or stock inventories for ingredients e.g. Labour costs can be reduced because Nando s is not employing staff to stand idle during quiet periods/ custom er service can be im proved because staff are available during periods of high dem and

12 spg 5-7 Low Level 4 : 5 m arks. Evaluation m ust be present, i.e. the candidate m ust present an alternative argum ent but NOT in context Medium Level 4 : 6 m arks Evaluation m ust be present, i.e. the candidate m ust present an alternative argum ent I N context High Level 4 : 7 m arks A convincing and balanced answer throughout m aking good use of concepts and term inology in context Assessm ent for QWC: The candidate will use business term inology precisely and effectively/ organises their answer to provide a coherent and fluent response/ good to excellent spelling, punctuation and gram m ar. e.g. Consequences of long waiting tim es m ay dissuade custom ers from returning to Nando s, which m ay reduce sales e.g. Nando s m ust be careful to get the right staff into the restaurant at the right tim es otherwise m eals m ay spoil e.g. But if Nando s gets the balance of em ployee hours and duties right then other stakeholders like shareholders m ight benefit because flexible working can m otivate catering staff who m ay need to work from hom e occasionally to avoid losing fam ily tim e because of travelling to work

13 Question 12(b)* Question Evaluate how flexible working m ight affect Nando s em ployees Level Mark Descriptor Possible Content 1 1 Knowledge m ust be present. Som e awareness of what is m eant by a flexible working. e.g. Choosing where to work, from hom e to do the accounts QWC: To achieve a m ark of 1 the candidate will have struggled to use business term inology or write legibly with frequent errors in spg and/ or weak style and structure of writing Application m ust be present, i.e. the answer m ust be contextualising by referring to Nando s em ployees. Low Level 2 : 2 m arks Just a sim ple reference to a restaurant s em ployees High Level 2 : 3 m arks A specific reference to Nando s em ployees QWC: To achieve a m ark of 2-3 the candidate will use som e business term s but the style of writing could be better / there will be som e errors in spg / the legibility of the text could have been better in places. 3 4 Analysis m ust be present, i.e. the candidate m ust give the reasons/ causes/ consequences to Nando s employees. NB does NOT have to be in context QWC: To achieve a m ark of 4 the candidate will use business term inology well/ style of writing is appropriate to the question/ reasonable to good spg e.g. the staff at the restaurant m ay be m ore m otivated e.g. Kitchen staff at Nando s m ay be able to vary shifts to suit child care/ university study requirements e.g. Em ployees feel they control their work/ life balance because they could work three splitshifts in the restaurant and then have four days off

14 5-7 Low Level 4 : 5 m arks. Evaluation m ust be present, i.e. the candidate m ust present an alternative argum ent but NOT in context Medium Level 4 : 6 m arks Evaluation m ust be present, i.e. the candidate m ust present an alternative argum ent I N context High Level 4 : 7 m arks A convincing and balanced answer throughout m aking good use of concepts and term inology in context Assessm ent for QWC: The candidate will use business term inology precisely and effectively/ organises their answer to provide a coherent and fluent response/ good to excellent spelling, punctuation and gram m ar. e.g. The benefit will depend on just how flexible the working hours are and how m uch choice em ployees have / consequences for social life e.g. Flexible working m ay add to a lack of certainty over job security given that it is catering which is known for high labour turnover rates e.g. m ay have to work very long hours in a kitchen which is not very m otivating/ could cause disputes between restaurant waiters over favouritism and working hours

15 Assessm ent Objectives QUESTI ON Content Know ledge Application Analysis Evaluation Total a b e a a c d c b b b e TOTAL

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17 Further copies of this publication are available from Edexcel Publications, Adam sway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN Telephone Fax Order Code US Summer 2012 For m ore information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit our website Pearson Education Limited. Registered com pany number with its registered office at Edinburgh Gate, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE