Innovative Japanese Waste-to-Green Product Technologies: Economically Viable BECCS. Kunio Yoshikawa Professor Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan

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1 Innovative Japanese Waste-to-Green Product Technologies: Economically Viable BECCS Kunio Yoshikawa Professor Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan

2 Oil and Fertilizer Price Change

3 Coal-CCS Electricity Coal Flue Gas CO 2 Earth (Without Economical Incentive) Biomass-CCS Electricity Biomass Fertilizer Earth (With Economical Incentive) Economically Viable BECCS

4 Condition for Profitable Waste-to-Green Product Business Income from Waste Treatment + Income from selling product > Labor cost + Utility cost + Capital cost Increase Increase Decrease Decrease Decrease Deficiency of landfill area Environmental concern on land-filling Fuel price increase Fertilizer price increase Automation Cheap labor Self energy generation Technology standardization Technology licensing Effect of New Technologies N e w M a r k e t

5 Resource Recycling System 1 Waste-to-Coal Technology MSW (Municipal Solid Waste), Hospital Waste 2 Waste-to-Fertilizer Technology Sewage Sludge, Animal Manure, Food Waste 3 Waste-to-Electricity Technology Biomass Wastes

6 1 Waste-to-Coal Technology

7 Hydrothermal Treatment of MSW Dry Product Fuel Boiler Steam (220,2.5MPa) Motor MSW input Reactor Air-blow drying Product Cement Kiln (85%) Clean Water Water Treatment Water Condenser (15%)

8 Application of Waste-to-Coal In Cement Production Line Treated MSW Coal Material input Mixer Bunker Pulverizer MSW = Municipal Solid Waste product out

9 Commercial Plants Hospital Wastes (3m 3 ) Municipal Solid Wastes (12m 3 )

10 Profitability of Waste-to-Coal Treatment capacity of MSW : 100tons/day Investment for full treatment plant with 2 reactors 3 M US$. Moisture content of MSW : 65 % Production per annum on dry basis 12,600 tons/year (100tons/day X 0.35 X 360 days) Boiler fuel: 15% of RDF will be utilized as a boiler fuel 1,890 tons/year Annual operation period: 360days Daily operation: 24 hours/day Maintenance cost/year (3% of the capital cost) 0.09 M US$/year VC and FC (labor, electricity ) 0.06 M US$/year Capital cost (5 years depreciation) 0.6 M US$/year Total expenditure 0.75 M US$/year Income by selling the product fuel 1.61 M US$/year (150 US$/ton x (12,600-1,890)tons/year)

11 2 Waste-to-Fertilizer Technology

12 Sewage sludge treatment Hydrothermal treatment Water content 85% Water content 80% Fast natural drying (24 hours) Heavy metal Mechanical dehydration Nutrient (N, P, K) Water content 10~20% Water content 55% Separated water

13 36,000 US$/ton

14 Commercial Plants Food Wastes (10m 3 ) Japan Sewage Sludge (7.8 m 3 ) China

15 Profitability of Waste-to-Fertilizer Treatment capacity of Sewage sludge : 30tons/day Investment for full treatment plant with 2 reactors 1 M US$ Moisture content of sludge : 80 % Solid fuel production per annum on dry basis 2,160 tons/year (30tons/day X 0.2 X 360 days) Boiler fuel: 100% of RDF will be utilized as a boiler fuel 2,160tons/year Liquid fertilizer production per annum 10,800tons/year (30tons/day X 360days) Annual operation period: 360days Daily operation: 24 hours/day Maintenance cost/year (3% of the capital cost) 0.03 M US$/year VC and FC (labor, electricity ) 0.02 M US$/year Capital cost (5 years depreciation) 0.2 M US$/year Total expenditure 0.25 M US$/year Income by selling the liquid fertilizer 2.16 M US$/year (200 US$/ton x 10,800tons/year)

16 3 Waste-to-Electricity Technology

17 System analysis O2 supply (kg/hr) Biomass input (kg/hr): kg kg CO2 storage ASU O2 supply (kg/hr) 909 K Gasifier Producer gas Composition (%) H % CO 36.78% CH4 1.00% CO % Work output 5.59E+05 MJ/hr Total mass (kg/hr) Heat Excha nger kw Efficiency 31.91%

18 Outline of the carbonizer Chicken manure Syngas CO H 2 CH 4 Electricity Fixed bed updraft gasifier Temparature distribution Gas temp.:<100 Carbonizing Temp.: About 500 Bio-char fertilizer (N:5%, P:5%, K:5%) Air Agitator :About 800 程度 Char :About

19 Commercial Plant Chicken Manure Dryer Unit Profitability 300,000 Chikens Use of Chicken Body Heat and Excess Heat Energy (Water Content 70% 15%) Plant Cost: 1.5 M US$ 10 tons/day Dry Manure Electricity 250kW Bio-char fertilizer 5 tons/day 0.40 US$/kWh 200 US$/ton Gasification Plant Annual Income 0.79 M US$ Annual Income 0.36 M US$

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