RFTAP/SBCQ/1.28,, - 1.» RFTAP/SBCQ/1.28
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1 RFTAP/SBCQ/1.28,, - 1.» RFTAP/SBCQ/1.28
2 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,
3 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () ,
4 RFTAP/SBCQ/
5 RFTAP/SBCQ/ RFTAP 1.28 «,,» ( ),..,., ( ),.,. 5
6 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : "",. : (, (,,.). 3.,. 4. ( ), ( ). 6
7 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,. ( ),..,,., ( ). ( ).,,.,.,, : (); 7
8 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ;, ; ,,.,,, ( ). : 1.. (, ),,,. 8
9 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , :,, ), ;, ( ), (). 3., :, (,,,.);,. 4. (,,.). : ; ; 9
10 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () ; ), ;. 6.,. (,,,.),,., (. 1 1 ). 10
11 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () :, (, ),,,, ),, ; ; ( ) ; ;.. 11
12 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,. 1 :,.,. -. ( ). : 5,,,,, 5 : N N
13 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () ( ),,, :,,...,,,,. : 10 ; 22 ; 4. :, 13
14 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , (),,, () ), (),. :,,,, ( ); ; ; ; ; ; ;. : 14
15 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, () ), ( ),,,. :. :,, ( ).,., (, ).,. 15
16 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (), ,,. :, -,, ;,,,, ; : ;, ;,, ; ; 16
17 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( ),, ; ; (, ), ; : (), ( - ), ; ( ), ;,, ;, ; ;, - ;, ; 17
18 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ;,,, ;,,, ; , : () -,. ( ) - (, ). () ( )..,,. 18
19 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , :,,,.., (),.,,,..,,.,,.,,,,.,. 1.3.,,. 19
20 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (, ),, (, ), : ; ; ;., ),,. ( ),, ,,. : ; 20
21 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ; (, ) ;., ( ),.,,,. (.. 1.1). 21
22 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : - -, (*): - -, : -, : - - : : -, - : - : - () - : - -, ) : - - : -, ); -, : - : : - - : - ** - : - **
23 RFTAP/SBCQ/ :. 1.1.,..,.. ( 2004 ) % 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%, %, ,.. % % 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0%.. (.. 2.3). 2030, 1%,., 0,2-0,3% () 1% ). 0,4-0,5%. 0,8% ( 1-1,2% () ,5%. 23
24 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,.,.,., , % (. ) % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% () % (. ). 24
25 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,.. ; 6 ; 13 "; 25 ; 7 ; 270 ; 24 ; :.,.., ( 47% ).... : 25
26 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,..,.., % %,,,.: % -,, % % -,, %,, % % 7.1 3% %, 63%., »,.,. :, ,,,. 3.8,,, , 15%.. 2.,. 26
27 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : ,..,.., % % % % % % %,,,.: % -,, 2.4 4% % -,, %,,, 6.3 9% % %,, 50%.. 3 :. 1.4., ,, : 3, RFTAP/QCBS/1.10 «)». 27
28 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , % 0.6% 0.5%. 4,.,,.,,. -.. : (2% ) 8, ( 1% ). : , , (2009),,». 4, RFTAP/QCBS/1.10 «)». 28
29 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , :.1.4. (. ) () % () () 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% % 20% ,. 5, 29
30 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( 90% )., ,..,,.,,,,..,,., ( ).,,.,. 2.4.,,. ( ) : 6. 30
31 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ;. ;.. 16% , ( ) 3. ( 100. ) , "" "" "" -,, "-, " "",,,,, , " - " , ,
32 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () ", ,, "" , ,, :,, 60%;.,,. 10%, 20%.,,.,,, (. ):. 1.8.,
33 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ,., 16.,,. 33
34 RFTAP/SBCQ/ )., (,, ). 2.3., (,, ) ( ),, (. ) ,.., 278.0, 18.5, ( 65%).,, : 34
35 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , 2008., % ( ) % "" % "" % "" % "" 4.6 2% "" 1.8 1% "" % % % % ( ) % ( ) % ( ) % % % % % «( )». 93%. (, , 394..), ,,,. (, ). 2010,. 35
36 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ),, (.. 5-8) (),.., (, ). 2009,,., () ().,., ( ).,,..,,,,, (,.) (,.). 36
37 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,.,,,, 2010 (, ) %, ) : (,,, )., (, )., :,, (.) ;,, (),, 37
38 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , :,,,, (,, : ; ; : ; ;, :, ; 38
39 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ;, ; :,, URALS URALS, 1./.;.,,, ). 8 :,,,,, ; 39
40 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,.,,, ;, ;,, ;,., 5. 8, N
41 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( ) /82,. :, ( ); ; -,, ;, ; ; ( ),, 5.. ( 500..)., ()., (,,,, ) (, ). 41
42 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (),,..,. ) (PI B ) 4. ) 5. (NPV) (NPV) (IRR) ) , :1. 1,0 2, , ,9.. + (WACC) 16,0% (WACC = 11,2%) 8. 0,436% ( T ) 9. 5,193 (PI GDP )
43 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ) ,,. 2.,,,,.. 3.,,,,.,.,,,,. : ; ;, ;, (., ). 43
44 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,, ,6%, ,1% , 50% , ,, , % -4 (, ) ,, - - ) % % -1», % «-», ( ),,, %» % % %
45 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () «-»,.,,,,.,,. «15-58,» (, ) , % , « ,» ,. 30% %. 9 :.,. 45
46 RFTAP/SBCQ/ «-1 -» : -1 - ; ;. : ; ; (, ). (, ) , : - - -,. -»; 46
47 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ». - ( ), :,,. :,»,, ,
48 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : ,, % % : I %. : :, : % : % % % % XI - 48
49 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () «. :,, (), () )., 375, %,.,, ( ) (70 ), 2- ( - ) %. «-» % «-» () %. 49
50 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : ; : - ; -. (, ) (, ) (35%) ,,, (,, ). 50
51 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (, ), :,,, 10, (. ) ,,, : , 2008, , ( )
52 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (,, ). () , 0 (, 70, ) 45 (, 300 ). ( 98%) ( ) () %, 60% ( 86%) , , : ( + ).,.,. 52
53 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ) 58.. ( 300.)... ( ) 25%..., ,, , ,,,, 53
54 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ), ,6..,. 39,1.., 23,9.., 107,5.., ,3.. ( ,67.. ), ( ) 930..,..,.,., (), (,,,, ),.,,,, 1-3%,..,.,, (,.). «54
55 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ».,,,. () (, ), ()» 60%,., () (, ),, ,., ,, (),,., 2010, ( 25.) 1 ( 14.).. (). 55
56 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ,,., ( ). 56
57 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,.,., ,., :,, 60%.,,... 70%. 10% ,.,,. 57
58 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, ( ) ( ), 2004., 6 4 (). %..,, ( ), (,, ). (),.,, ). 58
59 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,.. 10 % (15. ) :,. (, ) 3, (.,, 3 ). 2,. 1. 3, (, ) ,. 59
60 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , (,, ).,. :,,., : 2-3, ( ).,,, ().,., : (1, ). (0, , 1, ).,,.,,. 60
61 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,. ( ),.,. : ( ), ; ; ( )., ) 2-5, ( )..,.,,,,. :. 61
62 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (,,, ) ,,.,,..,,. 4.4.,,. ( 100. ) 3-4 ( ), 10 ( ) ,, :. (). 62
63 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ; ». :,, ; ;.,,.,, : (ABS).,,.,. 63
64 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ( ),.., :, ;.... « »., ( ).,,, :. ( 3 ) , (*) , , (*)
65 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,.).., (,, ), 2008.: , , (,,.), , «( )», «( )»,, ,. : : %, %. 16, ,. 16 :, ,
66 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,., 2009, % ( ),...,, 100%. : 33% 41% (. ) , , , , % -33% -41%, , ) (, ). ( ),. 17, ,
67 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ) (., )., (., ). 2-3.,,.., (,,,, ).,, ,.. 2.5,., 6.8.., 2009.,. 67
68 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , (5-10 ). : ( ), (. ). :. : ; ; ;...., ).,., :,,.,, 68
69 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,.,., ( ),. ( 2008.) ,.,.,,,. (,, )..,, (, 25%, 7.8%)..., ( ),,,.. 69
70 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,.,.., : :..,, ( %, 1 ).., (,,,.) 70
71 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : 10 (- ). ( ), (, ). (): ;, ;,, : () ;., : ; ; 100% -, (, ); ;, ; -,.,,, ( ). 71
72 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,., :, :..,.,, : ;.,,., ( ).,., 30%, ( ) , 72
73 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (. ),,. ( ) (,.), ( ),. : ; ; ( );,.,, :. 18.,,. 18,,,. 73
74 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,. ( 3-4 ),,,. (»).. :,...,.,. 19., (. ). 19, 2,5%. 16% 10%, 47% 70% %. 74
75 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ( ) 20,,, -, (, ),,,, ( ),., : (); (); () ,, ( 20 ( ) ,. 22 ( ). 75
76 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ),,. :,,, -,, ;,,,,,,,, ; : ),,,,, ( );, ( ),,, ; ; : 76
77 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ; (), ; ; ;,, ;, - ;., - 23,, (, ), (, ),,, ( ). 77
78 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,» ( ). 24, ( ),,,, ),,, ( ),.,,, () 25. ) (, ) , 24 ( ). 25 () ( ). 78
79 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,. 1:,.,, (, ),,. 2:.,,,,,. 3:.,,.. 4:.,,,,,, 79
80 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,. 5:.,,,. :,,., - ;,,,,. «( )» 2010,..,,. 80
81 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : (1.2) ( ). (1.2),. (1.2):, ;,, ; ;.. (1.2) 2010.:. 2: (2.1), ; (2.3), ; (2.5), ( 2010.)., (2.1). 81
82 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, ( ).,. ( ),. (2.1):,,. (2.3) « ». (2.3):. (2.5),,,. (2.5):,. 82
83 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : (3.4) ; (3.5) ( 2010.). (3.4),,,..,,,. (3.4):. (3.5),. (3.5):. 4: (4.1),,,,, ; 83
84 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (4.4), ; (4.5) ; (4.6),, ; (4.11) ( 2010.); (4.12) ( 2010.); (4.14) ( 2010.); (4.18) ; (4.19) ; (4.20). (4.1),,,. (4.1): ; (% ); 84
85 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ( );.,, (4.4)... (4.4): ).,,.. 45,..,. (4.5): ;,. (4.6),,. (4.6): 85
86 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,. (4.11),. (4.12),,,. (4.12): (); ; ;. (4.14),,.,. (4.14):. (4.18), 86
87 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ( ),. (4.18): ;, - (). (4.19):,. (4.20).,,,. (4.20): 1,, ; ;. 87
88 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : (5.1) ; (5.2) ; (5.3),,. (5.1): 1,, ;,, (5.2).,,,,,,. (5.2):, % (. 1,04%) (), 1%,., 0,2-0,3% () 1% ). 0,4-0,5%. 88
89 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,8% () 1-1,2% () ,5%.,,,,, ,2%, ,7% ().,.,, () : (),. 2030, () 2020 (),.,,. (,,.),,. (,.).,, 89
90 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,., : ; ; ) ; ; ; ; , (.. 1.5) ,2.. 90
91 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : (, 14..), () 50.., 10..,.,,.,.,,, () ( ). 27 (. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization),. 91
92 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,. (,,, () ), (), ( ),,.,, () ( ).. (,, ),., : (1), -, :,,, ; 92
93 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (2) - :,,, ; (3), :,,,,.,, (1), (2) (3). ).,,,. ( 2030 ).. 1: : (,, ); (); () ( ); () ; ( ); ( 1 1 ); ( ); 93
94 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (). 2: : (,, ); ( 1 );. 3: : ; ( 1. ); ( 1. ). 4: : ; (, ); ; (); ;. 5: (): /, ;. 6: (): ;.,,. 94
95 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,, ( ) ,,,., 2,1 2,3.,,.,, 28 (259. ) 29, (256. ), 30 (230. ), (115. ), ( ) (108. ), ( ()) (38. ), (.) (27. ), ( ) (19. ) :, ;, ;
96 RFTAP/SBCQ/ %, 98% ( ) : (1), () : 96
97 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , (, ).. 1.8, , : ; ; 1990-,,, (.. 1.9)., 1999., ,.,, %,
98 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (..) : ;. 2, , , 0, ,5%. 31,.., 10%.,.., %, 9,8%, 7,4%, 8,2% (. ):
99 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : ,,,. : ; Eurostat;, 10%. 9,8%, 11,8%, 11,2%, 11,7%, 8,2%.,, : 19,3% ( 8,3 ), 42% ( 67 ).,,, , 5.., ,,, : 99
100 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,. ( AiRUnion, ) % (4. );, ; ), ();, ; , ,,. 60% % 2008.,. ): 100
101 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : ASCEND; ICAO;, (. ): : ; ,,. (),,.,,. 101
102 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ,4, , ( 0,35), )., 3,0 3,5% ( 1 ) : ; (2007.) :,,. : ; ;, Eurostat, US Census Bureau (,, ) () %, 61%. 102
103 RFTAP/SBCQ/ point-to-point ( ), ( ). ( ) point-to-point. ( ),,, ), point-to-point.,,,, (..-), (), (), (.. ), ( ).,,,,, ,. 103
104 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : U6 3 UT : UT 5 5 : UT 5-2 : D9 2 6 : 6 : U6, UT,, D9,. : (HAM) (MUC) (DUS) (MRS) (LYS) (HAM) (MUC) 155 : LH 93 AB 62 (DUS) 86 : LH 57 AB : LH 88 AB 60 (MRS) 32 : LH 32 (LYS) 17 : AF : LH 32 AF : LH 22 AF : AF 18 : LH Deutsche Lufthansa, AB AirBerlin, AF Air France. : 104
105 RFTAP/SBCQ/ /100 (767 ) 7 /100 (1044 ) 15 / 100 (508 ) - 8 /100 (1770 ) 38 / 100 (394 ) : U6, UT,, D9,. : (HAM) (MUC) (DUS) (MRS) (LYS) (HAM) (MUC) 7 /100 (600 ) (DUS) 13 /100 (341 ) 8 /100 (484 ) (MRS) 7 /100 (745 ) (LYS) 62 /100 (948 ) 9 /100 (586 ) 9 /100 (631 ) 27 /100 (261 ) : LH Deutsche Lufthansa, AB AirBerlin, AF Air France. :, ( 18%, 56% 105
106 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ), ), 0,7 ( 10 ) , , , ( 10 ) 5 8 0,7 9, ,2 9, ,, ( ). 1,, 2, (. ): 106
107 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () : US Census Bureau; US Bureau of Transportation Statistics; ;, ( 20%, 30% ),»,,..,,. ( ),, (,,.), ( ). LCC (Ryanair, JetBlue), (British Airways, American Airlines), (, ). 107
108 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , : () (), () ( ).,.,,, 108
109 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,, () :, 50,1.. ( 2007.), %, 2 ) () ,
110 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : CIA World Factbook;, (), (. ): : ( ), (,, )., ,8 1.., 51,5 ( 8,3./. 3,3./. ). (Deutsche Flugsicherung
111 RFTAP/SBCQ/ GmbH), ,, 109, ( ) ( ) (,, ) )..,,, 34., ),.,, LCC. 33 Luftverkehr in Deutschland Mobilitätsbericht ,,,, (), );, (),, (). 111
112 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (.) : ( ). (,,,, ) : (Ryanair Winn Air ) : 112
113 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , 35. (. 1.22), (. 1.23). ( ) :,, 35, (),. 113
114 RFTAP/SBCQ/ :,,.,., ,. ( ) ,, (, 5, ), (, 3,9. ), (, 1,6. ), (, 1,5. )
115 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,., 1990., (,, 1994.) 16,7.., (, 1995.) 51,2.., (,, 1998.) 47,9.., (,, 1999.) 28,2..,, 2001.) 16,4.., (,, 2001.) 30.., (,, 2006.) 38,6..,,. ( ).,,. ( %), ,,. (, S7, ), : (-154, , ) ( Boeing 737 Classic Boeing 757)
116 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ( ) ( )., , ( Airbus A320 Boeing 737NG), (-148, -204/214, SSJ)., 3-5% (-96, ) ,, , (- 140, -38, -114.), (, S7,»,.)., Lufthansa SAS (. 1.24). 37, ( 9 ), (9 )., ,5%, ,8%. 116
117 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( ). 1) 2) ; ; ; ; ; ;. : 117
118 RFTAP/SBCQ/ S7,, CSA (), LOT (), Malev () TAROM ), Wizz Air (. ): , ( ) : : ; ; ; :. (-154-2, -154, ) 25, -204/214, -96, -114, -148) 4-5% (. ): 118
119 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( ) :. 130, ( Boeing 737NG Airbus A319/320/321) 350 (. ): 119
120 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , : - ( ),,. ( Boeing, Airbus, Bombardier (CRJ Dash), Embraer Alenia (ATR)).,,.. III ) : ), () (). II ICAO, : (), (), ()., 120
121 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,,,.,, , (. ): (; 1. ) : 38 Boeing VP-BKO , (IRS), (GPS) ( VOR/DME, NDB). 121
122 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( ) ( ) ( ) :, : (. ),, MEL Minimum Equipment List. 122
123 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,. ( ), ( 2000.) : ; ASCEND; ( ) ( ),» , 123
124 RFTAP/SBCQ/ «2009», % 6%., (. 1.32)., : , %.,. (-18, -2, -24, -40), %..,,.,,, 124
125 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, (, ). : () ;, ( 0,35 ); ( );, (,, ) - () %, 61% ; () ;., ,,,,. : 125
126 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( () ); 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8..,
127 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : (),.,,... () : ( ); 2. () 2020 ( /0021); 127
128 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () ( ). : 1. ; ( ); 3. ( ). : (); 2. ; (); , , , , ; 5. () «) 2008»; (); ; ); «2007, 128
129 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , 2007»; « ,,»; 11. «( )» ( ); 12. «( )» ( ); 13. «( )» ( ; ); () 2030., : ;, ; 129
130 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ; ; ;.. (). ) () ( ) , ,.,,,.,,. (),,.,. 130
131 RFTAP/SBCQ/ :, ; (,, ),.,,,,, -,.;.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, -.; ; ; 12 (,,,,,,,,,,, ) ;, ,,. :,,, 131
132 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,.., : ;, ; ;, ; (), ; ; ; ;,, ; ; 132
133 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (,,, );,, : 13,2. 1, 2, (); : 14% % 2030.; 1,75 5; ,18 0,008.,,.,. «( )» ( ) , (26,8%), 3,8.. (1,2%). (). 133
134 RFTAP/SBCQ/ «( )» ( ) ,5.., (23,6%), 2,8.. (0,2%). : «(2002 )» 40 (. ()); 41 ( ); «( )» ( ); «2013» 42 (, ); 43 ; «( ) » 44 ( () );
135 RFTAP/SBCQ/ «)»; ; ; ; ; (, ) % (. 1,04%) (), 1%,., 0,2-0,3% () 1% ). 0,4-0,5%. 0,8% ( 1-1,2% () ,5%. 135
136 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,, ,,,,. : «( )» ( ) ( «( )»); «( )»; «2013» , , : , ) 2 172, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,6 :, 60% 80%. 136
137 RFTAP/SBCQ/ %. 3,7% ,3% 2009., (,.). 2 : 3,4% ,7% ( ) (). 1-2%. () ( 98% ) - 51% (. ): : : 1., ; 2. ; 137
138 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ; 4. ; 5.. 1, % ( ) ,, ( 4),., : 138
139 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,. 4 ( ),, 2 3 ( ) :
140 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : «( )» ,3 ( ), ,8..,, () :,, %, 15%.» «( )» «( )». 140
141 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (..) : (), 80-85% ( )
142 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( , 2.3., 2.5., , :, ,.., ) ,7 84,9% ,4 83,5% ,1 83,4% 179,5 1,0% 784,5 3,3% 870,0 2,9% 95,6 0,5% 13,3 0,1% 1 728,7 9,5% 2 067,8 8,8% 2 645,2 8,8% 362,4 2,0% 565,3 2,4% 707,6 2,4% 381,4 2,1% 446,8 0,8% 761,3 2,5% 142
143 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , , «( )», (, ) 70%. «( )» 60 (. 1.23) , 90% (. ). () : «(2002 )» (); « » (. ),. (. ),.. ; ««-» - (); 143
144 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( )» ) 1 (), 99,8 99,8 2 3,,, 51,7 51,7 51,9 100,5 152, ) -1, ,7 157,7 6 33,5 33,5 7 () ( ) () 20 95,9 146, () ), 12, 13 () () (1,2 ) , ,5 430,1 1933,2 2363,3 136,9 656,6 793, , ,6 1457, ,6 362,6 16 () 17 ),, ,8 304, ,2 385,3 860, ,7 875, () 21 ), ) 22,5 22, ,5 928,5 26,5 26, « ,,». 144
145 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () ( ) ) 10, , , ,8 24 () 25 () 26 (),, ) -1,, ) (, 1,2 ) ,6 2674, , ,4 6294, ,3 100, ,9 9591, ,6 131,2 154, ,9 137,9 29 (1 ) 28,2 28, ,4 55,4 31 () ) 33 ) 34 ) 35 ) , ,9 284,9 542,8 48,8 48,8 536,2 730,9 574,3 1841,4 36 () 352,8 352,8 37 ( ) () () (2 ) 60, ,7 40 () 13, , () 44 ) 45 () 46 ) () -2,, -2,, ) 231,1 272,7 503, ,5 873, ,8 1855, ,9 3738,9 ( 1 ),,, 3421, ,1 10,9 10, ,1 192,1 49 () 5,6 557, ()
146 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () ) ,5 1501,5 52 () -2, ,3 349,2 456,5 54 () ) () , , , ,3 :, :,, (0, ; 1, ); (), - (1, ). ( ) ( ) 48., (, 50%, 50% ).,., 48 «2009»
147 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (. ) ( 2009.)»» ) :, ( U) ( Q) ( Q) ( M) ( H) ( N) ( S) : ( 6950 ), ( ()) ( 4280 ).,., (,,.),.., «() 2008» : 15.., ); 80,35.. ) ( ); 147
148 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ) ( ); 11,45.. () )., ,8.. (0,25% ). ( «2008») : 33,87.. ; 22,11..» () ; 67,32..» ; 205,46..., ,8.., (. 9% )., ( ) 15 18%, 148
149 RFTAP/SBCQ/ «( )» (7,5% ,9% 2011.)., (). 1, , (FAA),. FAA (82% 2006., ), ( 18% 2006.). FAA (. 20, ), 21-26% (. ). 149
150 RFTAP/SBCQ/ FAA (..) : ; FAA,, ( ) FAA (,», DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH.) FAA : 1.,,,, ; 2.,,, ; 3., ; 4.,,. 150
151 RFTAP/SBCQ/ FAA : FAA (.. ) % 52% 54% 56% 57% 58% 59% % 22% 21% 18% 18% 17% 17% % 25% 25% 25% 25% 24% 23% 19% % 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% % % : : ; FAA : (safety); ; ; ; (security);.. (8,4.. ): 151
152 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,6... :,,, ; 480,9... : ; :,, ; 5... :, :, : Flight Plan. (2,5.. ): 479,7... :,,, ; 1,7... : ;, ; 3,7... : ; 152
153 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,9... : FAA, ; 57,2... : ; 237,5... :. (130.. ): (88.. ), ( 18.. ). (2,75.. ):,,, FAA FAA ( 5% ). FAA :, FAA, FAA,.,, FAA., FAA.,,,, 153
154 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : FAA. FAA,... ;., FAA 2008 : 1.,,,,,, ; 2.,,, ; 3., (,,,,, ); 4.,,,,,,. : (safety); ; ; ; 154
155 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (security);. FAA : FAA (2009..).. (safety) % % 63 0,4% 352 2% (security) 219 1% 481 3% : % : ; FAA % 0, , FAA,,.,, ISO 9000 (ISO)., FAA Airport Surface Detection Equipment System X.,,,., FAA. 155
156 RFTAP/SBCQ/ FAA,, %. FAA NextGen.,.,.,,, NextGen FAA,,,.., (Open Sky),,,. FAA..,,, ( 65 ),,...,. FAA,,..,. 156
157 RFTAP/SBCQ/ FAA ,7.. (. ) FAA (.. ) : ; FAA ,,,. 1% () 4,3. (), 95-96%. 157
158 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : () 80%., ( ; ) ( 50..). ( ).. 1% % 2009, , (1,74..).,. (, ) (,,.),,.. 1, , ( 9,5% 16,4% ). - ( ), )
159 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,. 159
160 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (.. 5.3), : 1. ( () ); 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8..,,.,»,. 160
161 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ,,. (, ),, ) ,,. (, ),.,. ). ). 161
162 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , : () ) + ( ) + +,,,.,, 162
163 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,.,,, ( 34..) « )» ), ( ) -, 163
164 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, ( ), (,, )., () 32,5.. 1, (., - ) 5, ) 0,5.. ( 60, ) , 30, 440. ( 5 ) ) 1 () ,9 2 () ,1 3 () ,4 4 (..-) ,5 5 () ,7 6 () ,2 7 () ,2 8 () ,1 9 () ,5 10 () ,8 11 () ,8 12 () ,9 13 (. ) ,84 164
165 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ) 14 () ,7 15 () ,3 16 () ,24 17 () ,2 18 () ,7 19 () ,4 20 () () (. ) ,5 23 () () ,8 25 () ,2 27 () ,6 28 () ,4 29 (. ) ,0 30 () () :, (),.,, ).,,,. :, () ; 165
166 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (),.,.,,, : CIA World Factbook; 2030 () 2020,, ,6.., ( 2007.). 166
167 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (), ().,, ( ). () 2020 :,.,, ,. ( 294, ), (357,., ,. () ( 2007.), , 426.., ( ) , , 426..,
168 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,. (), ( ),. () ( ).,., 300, 60..,.,. ACI North America Federal Aviation Administration, () : () 30%; 30-32%; (,, ) 38-40%. : 168
169 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () : ACI North America; Federal Aviation Administration, 3,5%., ( (Airport Improvement Program) 34-36%, 70%.. (,,.) (, , ). (60% )., :, (»).,,, (Fraport, ADP, Swissport, BAA.), (AENA LVF ). 169
170 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () ( ).. ().,, BOOT (Built Own Operate Transfer). Aeroports de Paris (ADP), 14.,.,, () (4 )., ( ) 22 ()..,,,,. « () ,6..,. 15,5%. 10L/28R () 3397 IIIb, 10R/28L () 3780 II ( 10) I ( 28) ( 2009.). (-1) (- 2) (). 72.., (). 170
171 RFTAP/SBCQ/ % «.,,. :, -1; / ; (,, ); (,, ) , ,»,, Fraport AG 49 () () 94,5..,. 60,1.. (63,5%)., 70., ) 0,78.. ( )., () 4, (), (), (), (), (). 171
172 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,5 23,7%.. : 60%, ( 22-23%, )., (, ) ;., () 50.., ,8.. ( 8,1.. ). «( )» 254. () (42,4.. ),.,. (,,,.) ( )
173 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ). 12/ ,, 4. (115. ). 08R/26L , )., ( - ) 3,.,,,,,. ( ) : ;,.,, ,, ( 3-4 ). () 100 (, () ).,. : (,, 173
174 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ), ( ) ;, (,,.); ( ) ( ); ().,,,, (, 50 ). ( ),,., (,,.), (, ). (. 50, 1997., ( 2005.) ,,,,.. 174
175 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ), (), ,08. ( ) 0,32,.,. 2030, 0, , , 49, (. 7,3% ).,,.,,,. ( ). (. ) , 0,8 2,3. ( 2,2, 4%) ,2.., ( «2030»). 175
176 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,, ( ),,.,,,,, ,.,.,, 10-15, 25., 20% 53.,,,,. II III, ( 800 ), -., 52. InterVISTAS Consulting Inc. The Economic Impact of Air Service Liberalization () , ,
177 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,... ) 50-55%, 90-95%., 4-5-,.,. ( ). 30, Cockpit Resources Management (CRM). CRM,,, ,., (, S7,,.),, ,.,,, 177
178 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( SSJ -204/214 ), , ,, ,., (,»,.)., (»,.), ( ),, ()..,
179 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,. (,,.),, , (), - (), (). (),,,,,, ),. (,,,, ).., 50%: (), (,,, ),,,,. (, )., (, 25-30, 1-2 ). ( (). : 179
180 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ; (, );,.. :, ),, ;, 50%,..,,, ( ).,,, (, ).,., (, ). 180
181 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (51%, 25,5% «, 100%,,,», 51%, 51%») 60. ()..,.,. (100%, 51%», 51%, 51%. 40 ) (,.), e, (. ), ( ). ( 50 )., 181
182 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,., ,.,,,. : (1, ); (0, , 1, ). ( «,,,.).,, (, ),.,,., (, ),,, 182
183 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( ). 2005,, (). ().,. : ( ),,» ( flag carriers),» ; (, 50 0,5%), ( ),, ;,,. 183
184 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (),.. : Air Transport Association of America ( ). (, ),. ( ),,, (),,,, ), (), Alitalia, Alpi Eagles (), Olympic Airlines, Olympic Airways (), Austrian Airlines). (,, ) ( ). 184
185 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , Alitalia ( ), DHL ,.,., ( 145 ), 2.. Atlantic Southeast Airlines 60% ( ) (, 98. ), ( 2 ) ( 45 ), 28%. 52%, 87.., 17-20%.,.,. ( ),.,, ()... : (, JAL
186 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ), Etihad Airways.) ,. :,,., (),, (, ).,, : ;,.,, (, 2,1-2,3. ), (, ),. () 186
187 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (,,.). 1,7-2,5...,,,., ,,, ,,.,.,,,., ,5. (4,7. ), (-214)., , 187
188 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , , D-42 (Diamond Aircraft Industries) 25..,,,., , , «( )» 34, (35%), 21.. (61%), 1,3.. (4%),., 34, ,,..,,, FAA.., Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.. ( 188
189 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ),,.. ( ), (), - ( ), ,, : ( ) ;» ;,,,. 1991,, (,,,,.) (. ). (,, ),,., 189
190 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,., (Freedoms of the Air).,., , 397,,. ( ),. ( - ),,,.,. (. ), 1944., «,». 190
191 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (Freedoms of the Air): 1. () ( ). (,,, IASTA 56 ), IASTA,. 2. () ( ) ( ). IASTA. 3. (). 4. ( ) (). 5. (),, ().. 6. () (). 7. (). 8. () (). 55 ICAO Manual on the Regulation of International Air Transport (Doc 9626, Part 4) International Air Services Transit Agreement (Chicago, 1944). 191
192 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () ()..,, 57. ( )».,,,, (), Southwest, Ryanair, easyjet % 26% 58. ( ) ( ,4%, ,9%) %, ) %, 57, :, MIAT Mongolian Airlines,, Singapore Airlines. 58 Bombardier Commercial Aircraft Market Forecast
193 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (, %, ) , ,, % ) ,, InterVISTAS, () 2,7. (,,,.),,.., (, ).,,, ( ).», IASTA,. ( )., -,,,. 193
194 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,,, ) 51,17% ( ) 59. ( ),,., 60 85,7. (59,9 ) , ( ) (46,2 ). EUROCONTROL 61 (, ). Airbus A320 ( 73,5 ) 81,3 100, 77,7, 92,0.»,, % )., /6 (, /1). 61 European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation. 194
195 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (54, )».,. 195
196 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ( ) (., ), : ; ; (,, ). (.,, ) ( ) ( ) : 1., ,.,,. 2., , (, ).,,. 3., 196
197 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, ( ).,. ( ). 197
198 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ) ().. :.. (), (, ). : (). (, ).,., (, ).. :,.. 198
199 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (, ). ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 62 () ;. 199
200 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,..,,. :.,,.. :.. :.. 200
201 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (, ). 0, (0,5..) 3.,,. (,.). :. :,,. :»;,. () ). 63,. 201
202 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (, ).., ).. :. 2,5.. (3,0-3,5..) (1,0-1,5..) 202
203 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( ), ( ),. :,, ),., (, ), FAA., ( ),,. : :.
204 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (, ) (6-6, ) ( )
205 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( ).... (,.). ( 50 ). ).,.. (),. 205 ( ).. ( ).. -. (,.).
206 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (, ). :, ),. : ( ), ( AENA LFV).. ( 50 ). :, ( )
207 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, ).. :, -..,, ( ).. : (, ). 207
208 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (, )
209 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( 2030 ) 30,.. :,, ; ; ; 65. : ; ; ;., (. ). 65,, (, ). 209
210 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (, ) 2. () 20 (,,,.) (. ) 5. ( ) , I, II III ( ) % %...., %
211 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (,,,,,,.).. (,, ),,,,, ),,,, ),, ). (,,.).... (,.). () (,.)., (,,, ),.,,,, (, )., 211
212 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (,,.). 66,, ), ( ),,,..,,, ). ),.. ( ) , ( ).,.,.,
213 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () () ( ). (, ) , ,., :,,, ;,,,,,,, ; :
214 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : ; ;, ;,, ; ; ( ),, ; ; (, ), ; (, ),, ; : (), ( - ), ; ( 214
215 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ), ;,, ;, ; ;, - ;,, ;, ;,,, ;,,,. 67.,,,, 67,,
216 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,, (. ) : ,, (,,, ),,, ( ),., (, ), () ( ). 69 () ( ). 216
217 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,,, ), (, ), )., 1991,,, ) (,, ),. ( ) :, ;., 2000-,, 15. ( ),,. (10-15 ),.. (,.) (, ). 217
218 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,,., ,7 454,6. ( 17% ), ( ) % (262. ). 43% ,5% : (112, ), (75,6. ), (59,9. ), (20,7. ), (19,4. ), (16,0. ), (15,2. ), (14,3. ). 1991,. : ( ) (- ). ( ) : -., (,.), -. () ,9., () 0,3.., 1990-, ( )., 218
219 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,.,,,, (..) :,. (15 20% ).,,,.,,,.., (, -,,,.)., ( ). 219
220 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,., %,» 27%, 5%. 36.,. 85%, 30%.,,. : ) » (10. ). ( ) (72. ). 24,6.. 11,
221 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, 150. ( 88. ), -2 ( ) (,, ) ( ) 12., ( ), ( ) 100..,.. ( ,5, ) :..»,,,. (,, ), ( ), ). 221
222 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (, ). 212,7.. (. 71,3..), 59,9.. (. 17,6..).,,, ,. ( ) (. 1.49) , : ( ). 222
223 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (1995. = 100%) : :, ( ). 54%, (. 1.52). ( 2, ) ( 1,6 ),, : ( 2,1 ), ( 3,1 ), () ( 3,1 ) (2006.) : 223
224 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,.. (2006.) : ,. (2006.) :.,.,. 224
225 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : ; ; ; ;,. :, ;, ; ;., :, ;, ; 225
226 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ,,, : 1:, ; 2: ; 3: ; 4: ; 5:.,,,. :,,., - ;,, 226
227 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,.,,. 1: 1.3., ( 2010 ),., 4,9. (7%) ,9. (1%) 2015,, : 2.1., : -,. 3: 3.2. (
228 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , » (,, )., , 6.. 4: 4.1.,,. 4.2.,. ) 1561 (), (. 286 ). 228
229 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,. 4.3.,. 4.4., «( )», ()., :, ( - ); (, -,, ), 229
230 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,. 90 ; ;, ; , , 20,9%, 60,8 % -, 14,1% - 4,1% -. 5: ,, %. 7,75 41,37. ( 5,3, ,3 ). 230
231 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () :,. ( «( )») %, 45-50%. 1% ( ) (..) : 1,3 4 (, ) ( ( )) 4,. 231
232 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , : 44% ( ). (, ), ),,.) , : 232
233 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ( ). (3, ). : ; ; ;, ; ,45.., () 2, %,. 6.5., : :» + () 233
234 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,,, + +,, ) «( )»,,. 234
235 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ) + +,,, + «( )»,,.,.,,,,.,,., 20%,,,,., ( )»,., ) 235
236 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,.,,.,,. 236
237 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( ): ; ; ;
238 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () : ( 10-01) ( ),,,., :. :,, ( ).,., (, ).,., -,. 238
239 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ( ). : : ; ;,.., :
240 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, , ( ):.., ( ) :, ; ;,, ;,. 240
241 RFTAP/SBCQ/ % 97 % :,,..,.. ( ):. 1.32, :,, 241
242 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : : : ; ;.. ( ). ( ): 242
243 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , : ) , , : I : : ) :,, 243
244 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : ( )., :. 1.34, :,, , , ,
245 RFTAP/SBCQ/ :, (. 1.36): , % % % : % % % % % % % % % % % % :, 245
246 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : ; , ,, 12.6./ ,.,, ,
247 RFTAP/SBCQ/ / /10002., 98.0, 16% 21%. ( ) , / % 15./ , (. 1.37)., ,, % % % % % % % % : :
248 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( ) , : 72%.»., ½. 190, 190., (3% ). 9.0., %-80% , 42%
249 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , , , : ( ) , % 72% 86% 92% 97% % 28% 14% 8% 3% :,, ,, ( ). 249
250 RFTAP/SBCQ/ » Deutsche Bahn Union Pacific BNSF :, Deutsche Bahn AG, Union Pacific Corporation, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation 2-5 ( ) DeutscheBahn () () » 2 DeutscheBahn.,,,,.,». 250
251 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,., (. 1.42) » DB Schenker Rail SNCF 1 Union Pacific BNSF :, Deutsche Bahn AG, SNCF Group, Union Pacific Corporation, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation,,, ( ) , 2 000, 1, % : 251
252 RFTAP/SBCQ/ :, :.... :... -.,... : 252
253 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ) :,, ( ). 253
254 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , % 70% 57% 59% 117% 0% 100% 101% 101% 154% 12% 37% 6% 5% 2% :,, , 1.46): (.. 254
255 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , % % : I %. : :, : % : % % % % :, ,. 12% 25%,, 3.4%. 255
256 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , 0.5% % , % 0.3% 0.4% 1.7% 5.5% % 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 3.5% % % % % % :,, (Eisenbahn-Bundesamt),. : (, ); ; ;,.; 256
257 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, ) ;. Deutsche Bahn AG, 100%.. Deutsche Bahn AG : DB Bahn Fernverkehr, (); DB Bahn Regio ( ); DB Bahn Stadtverkehr :, 22 ; DB Schenker Rail (, ); DB Schenker Logistics :,,,, ; DB Dienstleistungen,,,. ; DB Netze Fahrweg ; DB Bahn Netze Personenbahnhofe. 257
258 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,... :, ( DB ); (, ), ;, 60%.. (), 40% ; ; ;,, 2003.;. 258
259 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( 10 10);., 3-,.. (. 1.48) Deutsche Bahn AG 2008., % % DB Bahn Fernverkehr % DB Bahn Regio % DB Bahn Stadtverkehr % DB Schenker Rail % DB Schenker Logistics % DB Netze Fahrweg % DB Bahn Netze % Personenbahnhofe DB Dienstleistungen % / : Deutsche Bahn AG (Reseau Ferre de France RFF). SNFC,. 259
260 RFTAP/SBCQ/ SNCF 5 : 1. SNFC Infra - ; 2. SNCF Proximites - ; 3. SNCF Voyages - ; 4. Gares & Connexions - ; 5. SNCF Geodis -., (. 1.49) SNCF 2008., 1 % % % % % % % , : SNCF Group SNCF ( ) SNCF 2008., : 863 :
261 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : : SNCF Group 2 (): - : ; () ;. :..,.,, (). SNCF,.., SNCF. 261
262 RFTAP/SBCQ/ OBB, : ÖBB-Personenverkehr ; Rail Cargo Austria AG ; ÖBB-Infrastruktur Betrieb AG ; ÖBB-Infrastruktur Bau AG ; ( ) OBB % % ÖBB-Personenverkehr % Rail Cargo Austria AG % ÖBB-Infrastruktur Betrieb AG % ÖBB-Infrastruktur Bau AG % % 1-, : ÖBB-Holding AG :,, ( ) , (54 )
263 RFTAP/SBCQ/ : ÖBB-Holding AG 137,,, 6-. OBB. OBB 30,. - AAA/Aaa , ( ): ± + + ± : 263
264 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , :,,. ( ) / 1 2 /
265 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, 4 -, (), :,,,,,,., ( ). :,,.,
266 RFTAP/SBCQ/
267 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, / 2 2 / / / 8 * * ( ) 3-5 ( ) :,, 267
268 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , , 17% ( ) , : :, , , ,. ( ),., ). 268
269 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,.,... ( ) ,,,., , 2,5,., , : 269
270 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (TGV, Thalys, ICE Eurostar.). 70.,., ) TGV Thalys :, ,, , :»,
271 RFTAP/SBCQ/ » 2-, 3-, ,.,.» 1, 2-, 3-4-,,,, ,». 3-4, ( )
272 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , TGV Thalys / :,. 1.59, TGV Thalys / :, 272
273 RFTAP/SBCQ/ %. : ,, : ; ( )
274 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( )., , * * :, 2.. : : 2 ;
275 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , :,.,.,,...,..,.,.,.., : 275
276 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ) ( ):. 1.61, :., ( ).,. 276
277 RFTAP/SBCQ/ :,,.,.,.,,. :. SNCF SNFC Infra.. SNCF., SNCF. DB Netze Fahrweg DeutscheBahn 100%. 340,. DB Netze Fahrweg. DeutscheBahn. DeutscheBahn., 277
278 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,.,., ,,.,. ( )., / 1 USD % % % % % :,,, ( ).,,. 278
279 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ) ( ). 2-5,. ( ),., : (), ). :,
280 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,., ( ). 280
281 RFTAP/SBCQ/ * * 3.1 ( ),, (),, ,, )
282 RFTAP/SBCQ/ * 3.4, (, ) 5.1»,, *- : 282
283 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,.,., , ,.. ( ),.. 283
284 RFTAP/SBCQ/ :, ( )..,., ( )... :.,. 284
285 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,., ,... ( 6 )..,.,,..,.,,. 285
286 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , 2 (16.) 2 ( )., : :..,.,, 65.9., (9% 2008.) ),.,
287 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ( ) , 38%., ,,,..., : ,
288 RFTAP/SBCQ/ () , 2.0, : I : :, 2008.,.,
289 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ( ) , :, ( ). ( ). ( ), () ,. 289
290 RFTAP/SBCQ/ % 177%., , 2010., ( ). 290
291 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, ; 1.2, 1.3 : 1.4 :..,., 291
292 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,8 ( 3.6) : () , (1%) (56%) (17%) 40.6 ( 0.4, 11% ) : (50%) () (127%), 2004.,, 292
293 RFTAP/SBCQ/ :, : ()
294 RFTAP/SBCQ/ / / % / 1 USD % % % % :, Deutsche Union.» Bahn Pacific BNSF ,
295 RFTAP/SBCQ/ » Deutsche Bahn Union Pacific BNSF :, Deutsche Bahn AG, Union Pacific Corporation, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation % 55% 21% 14% 44% % 38% 7% 8% 0.3% : ,,. DeutscheBahn AG ( )., : 295
296 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , ; DeutscheBahn AG. 296
297 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,,.,.. -,,, :,,, ;, ; ; ;,
298 RFTAP/SBCQ/ :,, ), : ( ); (, );, (, ), : (, ); (,, ); (,, ).. ) (,, )., (, )
299 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , -,, %, 100 %.,
300 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,, ,, ,... () N 649.,,,, (, ),,,, 300
301 RFTAP/SBCQ/ (),,.. () N 649.,,.,,..,, «( )».,,,,. : 10 ; 22 ; 301
302 RFTAP/SBCQ/ , 5687,,. 195,. 46, -,, ().,..., , - 302
303 RFTAP/SBCQ/ N 694,,,, -,, N 134 ( ) N 139/82,.,, ,6%, ,1% , 50% ,.,
304 RFTAP/SBCQ/ ,,.,,,,.,, (. 1.69) ,,, «The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009», 7.01 (). 72 «World Economic Outlook Database», Gross domestic product in current prices 2007 (International Monetary Fund). 304
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